British Empire (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "British Empire" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

124web.archive.org

1^st place

102books.google.com

3^rd place

54openlibrary.org

325^th place

255^th place

45archive.org

6^th place

18doi.org

2^nd place

13jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

12worldcat.org

5^th place

5semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

4bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

3independent.co.uk

36^th place

33^rd place

3nzhistory.govt.nz

6,226^th place

3,938^th place

2bbc.com

20^th place

30^th place

2cambridge.org

305^th place

264^th place

2theguardian.com

12^th place

11^th place

2legislation.gov.uk

809^th place

536^th place

2thecommonwealth.org

3,635^th place

3,534^th place

2nla.gov.au

275^th place

181^st place

1theunbrokenwindow.com

low place

1escholarship.org

1,523^rd place

976^th place

1manchester.ac.uk

4,003^rd place

2,646^th place

1declassifieduk.org

low place

1metmuseum.org

983^rd place

751^st place

1yale.edu

565^th place

460^th place

1worldhistory.org

2,220^th place

1,461^st place

1history.com

555^th place

467^th place

1jisc.ac.uk

low place

6,798^th place

1wikisource.org

27^th place

51^st place

1oup.com

485^th place

440^th place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1e2bn.org

low place

1historicengland.org.uk

816^th place

461^st place

1pdavis.nl

low place

1mfa.gov.eg

low place

1flaginstitute.org

9,692^nd place

6,835^th place

1nam.ac.uk

low place

6,440^th place

1economist.com

254^th place

236^th place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

1parliament.uk

367^th place

243^rd place

1cam.ac.uk

670^th place

480^th place

1northwestern.edu

2,302^nd place

1,389^th place

1ft.com

210^th place

157^th place

1ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

21^st place

archive.org

Ferguson 2002. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Ferguson 2002, p. 3. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Andrews 1984, p. 45. Andrews, Kenneth (1984). Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-7698-6. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Ferguson 2002, p. 4. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Ferguson 2002, p. 7. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Konstam, Angus; McBride, Angus (2000). Elizabethan Sea Dogs 1560–1605. Oxford: Osprey. p. 1.
Andrews 1984, p. 187; "Letters Patent to Sir Humfrey Gylberte June 11, 1578". Avalon Project. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021. Andrews, Kenneth (1984). Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-7698-6. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Andrews 1984, p. 188; Canny 1998, p. 63. Andrews, Kenneth (1984). Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-7698-6. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
Andrews 1984, pp. 316, 324–326. Andrews, Kenneth (1984). Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-7698-6. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Andrews 1984, pp. 20–22. Andrews, Kenneth (1984). Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-7698-6. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Ferguson 2002, pp. 72–73. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Ferguson 2002, p. 62. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Ferguson 2002, p. 19. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Smith 1998, p. 17. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, pp. 18–19. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Ferguson 2002, p. 84. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Smith 1998, p. 28. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, p. 20. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, pp. 20–21. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Pethick, Derek (1980). The Nootka Connection: Europe and the Northwest Coast 1790–1795. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-8889-4279-1.
Hyam 2002, p. 1; Smith 1998, p. 71. Hyam, Ronald (2002). Britain's Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A Study of Empire and Expansion. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7134-3089-9. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, pp. 50–57. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, p. 45; Porter 1998, p. 579; Mein Smith 2005, p. 49; "Waitangi Day". nzhistory.govt.nz. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2008.. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Mein Smith, Philippa (2005). A Concise History of New Zealand. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5215-4228-9. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, p. 85. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, pp. 85–86. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Ferguson 2002, pp. 230–233. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Smith 1998, pp. 28–29. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, p. 30. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, p. 92. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Ferguson 2002, p. 315. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Smith 1998, p. 95. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Ferguson 2002, p. 330. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Smith 1998, p. 104. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, p. 101. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
McIntyre 1977, p. 187. McIntyre, W. David (1977). The Commonwealth of Nations. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0792-1. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 68; McIntyre 1977, p. 186. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. McIntyre, W. David (1977). The Commonwealth of Nations. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0792-1. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, p. 67. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
McIntyre 1977, pp. 355–356. McIntyre, W. David (1977). The Commonwealth of Nations. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0792-1. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Ferguson 2002, p. 355. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Ferguson 2002, p. 356. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.
Combs 2008, pp. 161–163. Combs, Jerald A. (2008). The History of American Foreign Policy: From 1895. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-2056-9.
Brown 1998, pp. 342; Smith 1998, p. 105; Burk 2008, p. 602. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Burk, Kathleen (2008). Old World, New World: Great Britain and America from the Beginning. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-8711-3971-9. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Smith 1998, p. 106. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Springhall 2001, pp. 100–102. Springhall, John (2001). Decolonization since 1945: the collapse of European overseas empires. Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-3337-4600-4.
Ferguson 2002, p. 307. Ferguson, Niall (2002). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-4650-2329-5.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"What's a little debt between friends?". BBC News. 10 May 2006. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
"Suez Crisis: Key players". BBC News. 21 July 2006. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
Reynolds, Paul (24 July 2006). "Suez: End of empire". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2018.

bbc.co.uk

Watson, Karl (2 February 2011). "Slavery and Economy in Barbados". BBC History. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2022.

bbc.com

"The world's most powerful corporation". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
Zane, Damian (27 August 2019). "The Kenyan school that was once a British detention camp". BBC News. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019.

books.google.com

Porter 1998, p. 8; Marshall 1996, pp. 156–157. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Marshall, P.J., ed. (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5210-0254-7. OL 7712614M.
Brendon 2007, p. 660; Brown 1998, p. 594. Brendon, Piers (2007). The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781–1997. Random House. ISBN 978-0-2240-6222-0. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Canny 1998, p. 7; Kenny 2006, p. 5. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M. Kenny, Kevin (2006). Ireland and the British Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-5184-1. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Eugene, L. Rasor (2004). English/British Naval History to 1815: A Guide to the Literature. Praeger. p. 247. ISBN 9780313305474.
Farrington, Anthony (2002). Trading Places: The East India Company and Asia 1600–1834. British Library. ISBN 978-0-7123-4756-3. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
James 2001, p. 8. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 17. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Buckner 2008, p. 25. Buckner, Phillip, ed. (2008). Canada and the British Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-7164-1. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Pettigrew 2013, p. 11. —— (2013). Freedom's Debt: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672–1752. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-1-4696-1181-5. OCLC 879306121. OL 26886628M.
Magnusson 2003, p. 531. Magnusson, Magnus (2003). Scotland: The Story of a Nation. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-3932-0. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Pagden 2003, p. 90. Pagden, Anthony (2003). Peoples and Empires: A Short History of European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest, from Greece to the Present. Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-8129-6761-6. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 58. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Pagden 2003, p. 91. Pagden, Anthony (2003). Peoples and Empires: A Short History of European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest, from Greece to the Present. Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-8129-6761-6. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Pagden 2003, p. 91; James 2001, p. 120. Pagden, Anthony (2003). Peoples and Empires: A Short History of European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest, from Greece to the Present. Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-8129-6761-6. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 119; Marshall 1998, p. 585. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ——, ed. (1998). The Eighteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4677-9. OL 7403654M.
Latimer 2007, pp. 8, 30–34, 389–392; Marshall 1998, p. 388. Latimer, Jon (2007). War with America. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-6740-2584-4. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ——, ed. (1998). The Eighteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4677-9. OL 7403654M.
James 2001, p. 142. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Macintyre 2009, pp. 33–34; Broome 2010, p. 18. Macintyre, Stuart (2009). A Concise History of Australia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5215-1608-2. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Broome, Richard (2010). Aboriginal Australians: A history since 1788. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-7417-6554-0. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
Pascoe 2018^{[page needed]}; McKenna 2002, pp. 28–29. Pascoe, Bruce (2018). Dark Emu: Aboriginal Australia and the Birth of Agriculture. Magabala Books. ISBN 978-1-9257-6895-4. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021. McKenna, Mark (2002). Looking for Blackfellas' Point: An Australian History of Place. UNSW Press. ISBN 978-0-8684-0644-2. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1891). Spanish Institutions of the Southwest Issue 10 of Johns Hopkins University studies in historical and political science. Hopkins Press. p. 335. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
Innis, Harold A (2001) [1930]. The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History (reprint ed.). Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8196-4.
Naravane, M. S. (2014). Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 172–181. ISBN 978-8-1313-0034-3.
Hunter 1907, p. 203; Capper 1997, p. 28. Hunter, William Wilson (1907), A Brief History of the Indian Peoples, Oxford: Clarendon Press, hdl:2027/uc1.$b196576, OCLC 464656679 Capper, John (1997). Delhi, the Capital of India. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-8-1206-1282-2.
Trivedi & Allen 2000, p. 30; Nayar 2008, p. 64. Trivedi, Harish; Allen, Richard (2000). Literature and Nation. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-4152-1207-6. Nayar, Pramod K. (2008). English Writing and India, 1600–1920: Colonizing Aesthetics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-1341-3150-1.
James 2001, p. 152. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 151. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 165. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Porter 1998, p. 14. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Hinks 2007, p. 129. Hinks, Peter (2007). Encyclopedia of antislavery and abolition. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-3133-3143-5. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
Hyam 2002, p. 1; Smith 1998, p. 71. Hyam, Ronald (2002). Britain's Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A Study of Empire and Expansion. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7134-3089-9. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Parsons 1999, p. 3. Parsons, Timothy H. (1999). The British Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A World History Perspective. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8825-8. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Porter 1998, p. 401. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Porter 1998, p. 332; Johnston & Reisman 2008, pp. 508–510; Sondhaus 2004, p. 9. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Johnston, Douglas M.; Reisman, W. Michael (2008). The Historical Foundations of World Order. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-9-0474-2393-5. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020. Sondhaus, L. (2004). Navies in Modern World History. Reaktion Books. ISBN 1-8618-9202-0. OL 8631395M.
Dalziel 2006, pp. 88–91. Dalziel, Nigel (2006). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the British Empire. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-1410-1844-7. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Parsons 1999, pp. 44–46. Parsons, Timothy H. (1999). The British Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A World History Perspective. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8825-8. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 5. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, p. 45; Porter 1998, p. 579; Mein Smith 2005, p. 49; "Waitangi Day". nzhistory.govt.nz. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2008.. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Mein Smith, Philippa (2005). A Concise History of New Zealand. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5215-4228-9. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 181. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 182. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Royle 2000, preface. Royle, Trevor (2000). Crimea: The Great Crimean War, 1854–1856. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-6416-8. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Hodge 2007, p. 47. Hodge, Carl Cavanagh (2007). Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-3133-3404-7. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 1986, p. 718. Louis, Roger (1986). The British Empire in the Middle East, 1945–1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States, and Postwar Imperialism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1982-2960-5. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
James 2001, p. 274. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 298. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Porter 1998, p. 187. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 315. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
O'Brien 2004, p. 1. O'Brien, Phillips Payson (2004). The Anglo–Japanese Alliance, 1902–1922. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4153-2611-7. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 667. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, pp. 494–495. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Goldstein 1994, p. 4. Goldstein, Erik (1994). The Washington Conference, 1921–22: Naval Rivalry, East Asian Stability and the Road to Pearl Harbor. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4559-9. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 302. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 294. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 303. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 143. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Magee 1974, p. 108. Magee, John (1974). Northern Ireland: Crisis and Conflict. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-7100-7947-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 416. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 292. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 271. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 68; McIntyre 1977, p. 186. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. McIntyre, W. David (1977). The Commonwealth of Nations. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0792-1. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 69. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Gilbert 2005, p. 234. Gilbert, Martin (2005). Churchill and America. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-9122-4. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Lloyd 1996, p. 316; James 2001, p. 513. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Mehta, B.L.G.A. A New Look at Modern Indian History : From 1707 to The Modern Times. S. Chand Publishing. p. 319. ISBN 978-93-5501-683-6.
Gilbert 2005, p. 244. Gilbert, Martin (2005). Churchill and America. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-9122-4. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 337; Brown 1998, p. 319. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 460. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Darwin 2012, p. 340. Darwin, John (2012). Unfinished Empire, The Global Expansion of Britain. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-8461-4089-1. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
Abernethy 2000, p. 146. Abernethy, David (2000). The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3000-9314-8. Archived from the original on 14 December 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 331. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Levine 2007, p. 193. Levine, Philippa (2007). The British Empire: Sunrise to Sunset. Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 978-0-5824-7281-5. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
Darwin 2012, p. 343. Darwin, John (2012). Unfinished Empire, The Global Expansion of Britain. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-8461-4089-1. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
Darwin 2012, p. 366. Darwin, John (2012). Unfinished Empire, The Global Expansion of Britain. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-8461-4089-1. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
Heinlein 2002, p. 113ff. Heinlein, Frank (2002). British Government Policy and Decolonisation, 1945–1963: Scrutinising the Official Mind. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-7146-5220-7.
Abernethy 2000, pp. 148–150. Abernethy, David (2000). The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3000-9314-8. Archived from the original on 14 December 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 330. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Zeb, R. (2019). Ethno-political Conflict in Pakistan: The Baloch Movement. ISSN. Taylor & Francis. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-000-72992-4.
Brown 1998, pp. 339–340. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 572. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 581. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 583. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, pp. 342; Smith 1998, p. 105; Burk 2008, p. 602. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Burk, Kathleen (2008). Old World, New World: Great Britain and America from the Beginning. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-8711-3971-9. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Brown 1998, p. 343. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 585. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 586. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 616. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 46. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, pp. 618–621. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 622. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
McIntyre 2016, p. 35. —— (2016). Winding up the British Empire in the Pacific Islands. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1925-1361-8. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
James 2001, pp. 624–625. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 629. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 594. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 689. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 202. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Hogg 2008, p. 424, chapter 9 English Worldwide by David Crystal: "approximately one in four of the worlds population are capable of communicating to a useful level in English". Hogg, Richard (2008). A History of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5216-6227-7. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
Bolton, Kingsley; Kachru, Braj B. (2006). World Englishes: Critical Concepts in Linguistics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-31509-8.
Pestan 2009, p. 185. Pestan, Carla Gardina (2009). Protestant Empire: Religion and the Making of the British Atlantic World. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4150-1. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
Dalziel 2006, p. 135. Dalziel, Nigel (2006). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the British Empire. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-1410-1844-7. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Walker 1993, pp. 187–188. Walker, William (1993). "National Innovation Systems: Britain". In Nelson, Richard R. (ed.). National innovation systems: a comparative analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-1950-7617-6.
Parsons 1999, p. 1. Parsons, Timothy H. (1999). The British Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A World History Perspective. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8825-8. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Go 2007, pp. 92–94. Go, Julian (2007). "A Globalizing Constitutionalism?, Views from the Postcolony, 1945-2000". In Arjomand, Saïd Amir (ed.). Constitutionalism and political reconstruction. Brill. ISBN 978-9-0041-5174-1. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
Young 2020, p. 20. Young, Harold A. (2020). The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council and the Caribbean Court of Justice: Navigating Independence and Changing Political Environments. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4985-8695-5. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.

britannica.com

"Battle of Wadgaon". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.

cam.ac.uk

"How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World". University of Cambridge. 2 December 2013. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.

cambridge.org

Brock 2011, p. 159. Brock, W.R. (2011). Britain and the Dominions. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-1076-8833-9. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
Galligan 1995, p. 122. Galligan, Brian (1995). A Federal Republic: Australia's Constitutional System of Government. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139084932. ISBN 978-1-1390-8493-2. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.

declassifieduk.org

KENNARD, MATT (18 May 2023). "How the modern corporation was invented in England". Declassified Media Ltd. Retrieved 20 December 2024.

doi.org

Taagepera 1997, p. 502. Taagepera, Rein (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 475–504. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
Koebner 1953, pp. 29–52. Koebner, Richard (May 1953). "The Imperial Crown of This Realm: Henry VIII, Constantine the Great, and Polydore Vergil". Historical Research. 26 (73): 29–52. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1953.tb02124.x. ISSN 1468-2281.
Higman 2000, p. 224; Richardson 2022, p. 24. Higman, B. W. (2000). "The Sugar Revolution". The Economic History Review. 53 (2). Wiley: 213–236. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00158. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2598696. Richardson, David (2022). Principles and Agents: The British Slave Trade and Its Abolition. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv240ddz3. ISBN 978-0-3002-5043-5. JSTOR j.ctv240ddz3. S2CID 244676008.
Higman 2000, pp. 224–225. Higman, B. W. (2000). "The Sugar Revolution". The Economic History Review. 53 (2). Wiley: 213–236. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00158. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2598696.
Higman 2000, pp. 225–226. Higman, B. W. (2000). "The Sugar Revolution". The Economic History Review. 53 (2). Wiley: 213–236. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00158. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2598696.
Richardson 2022, p. 23. Richardson, David (2022). Principles and Agents: The British Slave Trade and Its Abolition. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv240ddz3. ISBN 978-0-3002-5043-5. JSTOR j.ctv240ddz3. S2CID 244676008.
Draper, N. (2008). "The City of London and Slavery: Evidence from the First Dock Companies, 1795–1800". The Economic History Review. 61 (2): 432–433, 459–461. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00400.x. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 40057514. S2CID 154280545. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
Williams 1966, pp. 360–373. Williams, Beryl J. (1966). "The Strategic Background to the Anglo-Russian Entente of August 1907". The Historical Journal. 9 (3): 360–373. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00026698. JSTOR 2637986. S2CID 162474899.
Low 1966, pp. 241–259. Low, D.A. (February 1966). "The Government of India and the First Non-Cooperation Movement – 1920–1922". The Journal of Asian Studies. 25 (2): 241–259. doi:10.2307/2051326. JSTOR 2051326. S2CID 162717788.
Galligan 1995, p. 122. Galligan, Brian (1995). A Federal Republic: Australia's Constitutional System of Government. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139084932. ISBN 978-1-1390-8493-2. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
Mycock, Andrew (2009). "British Citizenship and the Legacy of Empires". Parliamentary Affairs. 63 (2): 339–355. doi:10.1093/pa/gsp035. ISSN 0031-2290.
Cannon, John; Crowcroft, Robert, eds. (2015). "Colonial Office". A Dictionary of British History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780191758027.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-1917-5802-7.
Gérin-Lajoie 1951. Gérin-Lajoie, Paul (1951). "Constitutional Amendment in Canada". The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science. 17 (6). Blackwell Publishing on behalf of Canadian Economics Association: 389–394. doi:10.2307/137699. JSTOR 137699.
Winks, Robin (1999). Winks, Robin (ed.). The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume V: Historiography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 40–42. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205661.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-1982-0566-1.
Middleton, Alex (6 August 2019). "Review: The Imperial History Wars: Debating the British Empire, by Dane Kennedy". The English Historical Review. 134 (568): 773–775. doi:10.1093/ehr/cez128. ISSN 0013-8266.
Howe, Stephen (2010). "Colonising and Exterminating? Memories of Imperial Violence in Britain and France". Histoire Politique. 11 (2): 13–15. doi:10.3917/hp.011.0012.

dx.doi.org

Stern, Philip J. (28 February 2019), "English East India Company-State and The Modern Corporation", The Oxford Handbook of the Corporation, Oxford University Press, pp. 74–92, retrieved 28 December 2023
Mycock, Andrew (2009). "British Citizenship and the Legacy of Empires". Parliamentary Affairs. 63 (2): 339–355. doi:10.1093/pa/gsp035. ISSN 0031-2290.

e2bn.org

abolition.e2bn.org

"Why was Slavery finally abolished in the British Empire?". The Abolition Project. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.

economist.com

"An affair to remember". The Economist. 27 July 2006. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.

escholarship.org

Taagepera 1997, p. 502. Taagepera, Rein (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 475–504. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.

flaginstitute.org

Kelly, Ralph (8 August 2017). "A Flag for the Empire" (PDF). The Flag Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.

ft.com

Rana, Mitter (17 March 2022). "Legacy of Violence — the bloody ends of empire". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

ghostarchive.org

Rana, Mitter (17 March 2022). "Legacy of Violence — the bloody ends of empire". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Hunter 1907, p. 203; Capper 1997, p. 28. Hunter, William Wilson (1907), A Brief History of the Indian Peoples, Oxford: Clarendon Press, hdl:2027/uc1.$b196576, OCLC 464656679 Capper, John (1997). Delhi, the Capital of India. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-8-1206-1282-2.

historicengland.org.uk

"Slavery After 1807". Historic England. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2019. As a result of public pressure apprenticeships were abolished early, in 1838.

history.com

"How the East India Company Became the World's Most Powerful Monopoly". HISTORY. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.

independent.co.uk

Sanchez Manning (24 February 2013). "Britain's colonial shame: Slave-owners given huge payouts after". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
Stone, Jon (21 January 2016). "British people are proud of colonialism and the British Empire, poll finds". The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
Ferguson, Niall (3 June 2004). "Niall Ferguson: What the British Empire did for the world". The Independent. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

jisc.ac.uk

archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk

Scott, William. "East India Company, 1817–1827". archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk. Senate House Library Archives, University of London. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.

jstor.org

Taagepera 1997, p. 502. Taagepera, Rein (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 475–504. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
Higman 2000, p. 224; Richardson 2022, p. 24. Higman, B. W. (2000). "The Sugar Revolution". The Economic History Review. 53 (2). Wiley: 213–236. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00158. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2598696. Richardson, David (2022). Principles and Agents: The British Slave Trade and Its Abolition. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv240ddz3. ISBN 978-0-3002-5043-5. JSTOR j.ctv240ddz3. S2CID 244676008.
Higman 2000, pp. 224–225. Higman, B. W. (2000). "The Sugar Revolution". The Economic History Review. 53 (2). Wiley: 213–236. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00158. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2598696.
Higman 2000, pp. 225–226. Higman, B. W. (2000). "The Sugar Revolution". The Economic History Review. 53 (2). Wiley: 213–236. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00158. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2598696.
Pettigrew 2007, pp. 3–38. Pettigrew, William A. (2007). "Free to Enslave: Politics and the Escalation of Britain's Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1688–1714". The William and Mary Quarterly. 64 (1): 3–38. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 4491595.
Richardson 2022, p. 23. Richardson, David (2022). Principles and Agents: The British Slave Trade and Its Abolition. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv240ddz3. ISBN 978-0-3002-5043-5. JSTOR j.ctv240ddz3. S2CID 244676008.
Draper, N. (2008). "The City of London and Slavery: Evidence from the First Dock Companies, 1795–1800". The Economic History Review. 61 (2): 432–433, 459–461. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00400.x. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 40057514. S2CID 154280545. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
Nellis 2013, p. 30. Nellis, Eric (2013). Shaping the New World: African Slavery in the Americas, 1500-1888. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-0555-8. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctv2gmhh15.
Williams 1966, pp. 360–373. Williams, Beryl J. (1966). "The Strategic Background to the Anglo-Russian Entente of August 1907". The Historical Journal. 9 (3): 360–373. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00026698. JSTOR 2637986. S2CID 162474899.
Low 1966, pp. 241–259. Low, D.A. (February 1966). "The Government of India and the First Non-Cooperation Movement – 1920–1922". The Journal of Asian Studies. 25 (2): 241–259. doi:10.2307/2051326. JSTOR 2051326. S2CID 162717788.
Rosenson, Alex (1947). "The Terms of the Anglo-American Financial Agreement". The American Economic Review. 37 (1): 178–187. ISSN 0002-8282. JSTOR 1802868.
Gérin-Lajoie 1951. Gérin-Lajoie, Paul (1951). "Constitutional Amendment in Canada". The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science. 17 (6). Blackwell Publishing on behalf of Canadian Economics Association: 389–394. doi:10.2307/137699. JSTOR 137699.
Sheldon, Richard (2009). "Development, Poverty & Famines: The Case of British Empire". In Duffield, Mark; Hewitt, Vernon (eds.). Empire, Development and Colonialism: The Past in the Present. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 74–87. ISBN 978-1-8470-1011-7. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81pqr.10.

legislation.gov.uk

"British Nationality Act 1981, Schedule 6". legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
"The British Nationality Act 1981 (Commencement) Order 1982". legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.

manchester.ac.uk

pure.manchester.ac.uk

"The Global Interests of London's Commercial Community, 1599-1625: investment in the East India Company" (PDF). The University of Manchester.

metmuseum.org

"Interwoven Globe: The Worldwide Textile Trade, 1500–1800". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 20 December 2024.

mfa.gov.eg

"Treaties". Egypt Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2010.

nam.ac.uk

"The British Army in Palestine". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.

nla.gov.au

webarchive.nla.gov.au

"Trove - Archived webpage". Trove. Archived from the original on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2023.

southseas.nla.gov.au

"Trove - Archived webpage". Trove. Archived from the original on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2023.

northwestern.edu

scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu

Cuniberti 2014, p. 455. Cuniberti, Gilles (8 October 2014). "The International Market for Contracts: The Most Attractive Contract Laws". Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 34 (3). Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.

nytimes.com

Trumbull, Robert (1 January 1984). "Borneo Sultanate Now Independent". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

nzhistory.govt.nz

"Musket Wars". NZ History. Ministry for Culture and Heritage). 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
Smith 1998, p. 45; Porter 1998, p. 579; Mein Smith 2005, p. 49; "Waitangi Day". nzhistory.govt.nz. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2008.. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Mein Smith, Philippa (2005). A Concise History of New Zealand. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5215-4228-9. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
"Crown colony era". NZ History. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 2 November 2024.

openlibrary.org

Porter 1998, p. 8; Marshall 1996, pp. 156–157. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Marshall, P.J., ed. (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5210-0254-7. OL 7712614M.
Canny 1998, p. 35. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
Thomas 1997, pp. 155–158. Thomas, Hugh (1997). The Slave Trade: The History of The Atlantic Slave Trade. Picador, Phoenix/Orion. ISBN 978-0-7538-2056-8. OL 18114975M.
Canny 1998, p. 62. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
Lloyd 1996, pp. 4–8. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Canny 1998, p. 7; Kenny 2006, p. 5. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M. Kenny, Kevin (2006). Ireland and the British Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-5184-1. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Taylor 2001, pp. 119, 123. Taylor, Alan (2001). American Colonies, The Settling of North America. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-1420-0210-0. OL 2443937W.
Andrews 1984, p. 188; Canny 1998, p. 63. Andrews, Kenneth (1984). Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-7698-6. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
Canny 1998, p. 70. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
Canny 1998, p. 34. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
Canny 1998, p. 71. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
Canny 1998, p. 221. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
Lloyd 1996, pp. 15–20. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 40. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 32. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, pp. 33, 43. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 37. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Pettigrew 2013, p. 11. —— (2013). Freedom's Debt: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672–1752. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-1-4696-1181-5. OCLC 879306121. OL 26886628M.
Canny 1998, p. 228. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
Marshall 1998, pp. 440–464. ——, ed. (1998). The Eighteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4677-9. OL 7403654M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 13. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Canny 1998, p. 441. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
Marshall 1996, pp. 312–223. Marshall, P.J., ed. (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5210-0254-7. OL 7712614M.
Canny 1998, p. 92. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M.
James 2001, p. 119; Marshall 1998, p. 585. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ——, ed. (1998). The Eighteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4677-9. OL 7403654M.
Latimer 2007, pp. 8, 30–34, 389–392; Marshall 1998, p. 388. Latimer, Jon (2007). War with America. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-6740-2584-4. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ——, ed. (1998). The Eighteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4677-9. OL 7403654M.
Lloyd 1996, pp. 115–118. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Porter 1998, p. 332; Johnston & Reisman 2008, pp. 508–510; Sondhaus 2004, p. 9. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Johnston, Douglas M.; Reisman, W. Michael (2008). The Historical Foundations of World Order. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-9-0474-2393-5. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020. Sondhaus, L. (2004). Navies in Modern World History. Reaktion Books. ISBN 1-8618-9202-0. OL 8631395M.
Marshall 1996, pp. 133–134. Marshall, P.J., ed. (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5210-0254-7. OL 7712614M.
Lloyd 1996, pp. 168, 186, 243. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 255. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 215. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 213. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 275. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Marshall 1996, pp. 78–79. Marshall, P.J., ed. (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5210-0254-7. OL 7712614M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 277. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 278. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 300. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, pp. 313–314. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 316; James 2001, p. 513. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Lloyd 1996, p. 316. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 322. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 325. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 327. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 328. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 335. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 364. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 396. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, pp. 370–371. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, pp. 427–433. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, p. 428. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Lloyd 1996, pp. 401, 427–429. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M.
Marshall 1996, p. 286. Marshall, P.J., ed. (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5210-0254-7. OL 7712614M.
Marshall 1996, pp. 238–240. Marshall, P.J., ed. (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5210-0254-7. OL 7712614M.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

For a review of the historiography of the concepts of the first and second British Empires, see: Robin Winks and Wm. Roger Louis (eds.), The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume V: Historiography (Oxford Academic: 1999), chapter 2 (P. J. Marshall, "The First British Empire"), and chapter 3 (C.A. Bayley, "The Second British Empire").

parliament.uk

publications.parliament.uk

Gapes 2008, pp. 145–147. Gapes, Mike (2008). HC Paper 147-II House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee: Overseas Territories, Volume II (PDF). The Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-2155-2150-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2017.

pdavis.nl

"Slavery Abolition Act 1833; Section XXIV". pdavis. 28 August 1833. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2008.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Higman 2000, p. 224; Richardson 2022, p. 24. Higman, B. W. (2000). "The Sugar Revolution". The Economic History Review. 53 (2). Wiley: 213–236. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00158. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2598696. Richardson, David (2022). Principles and Agents: The British Slave Trade and Its Abolition. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv240ddz3. ISBN 978-0-3002-5043-5. JSTOR j.ctv240ddz3. S2CID 244676008.
Richardson 2022, p. 23. Richardson, David (2022). Principles and Agents: The British Slave Trade and Its Abolition. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv240ddz3. ISBN 978-0-3002-5043-5. JSTOR j.ctv240ddz3. S2CID 244676008.
Draper, N. (2008). "The City of London and Slavery: Evidence from the First Dock Companies, 1795–1800". The Economic History Review. 61 (2): 432–433, 459–461. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00400.x. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 40057514. S2CID 154280545. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
Williams 1966, pp. 360–373. Williams, Beryl J. (1966). "The Strategic Background to the Anglo-Russian Entente of August 1907". The Historical Journal. 9 (3): 360–373. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00026698. JSTOR 2637986. S2CID 162474899.
Low 1966, pp. 241–259. Low, D.A. (February 1966). "The Government of India and the First Non-Cooperation Movement – 1920–1922". The Journal of Asian Studies. 25 (2): 241–259. doi:10.2307/2051326. JSTOR 2051326. S2CID 162717788.

thecommonwealth.org

The Commonwealth – About Us Archived 27 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine; Online September 2014
"Head of the Commonwealth". Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2010.

theguardian.com

Brown, Derek E. (14 March 2001). "1956: Suez and the end of empire". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
Booth, Robert (11 March 2020). "UK more nostalgic for empire than other ex-colonial powers". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

theunbrokenwindow.com

Maddison 2001, p. 97, "The total population of the Empire was 412 million [in 1913]"; Maddison 2001, p. 241, ""[World population in 1913 (in thousands):] 1 791 020". Maddison, Angus (2001). The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (PDF). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ISBN 978-9-2641-8608-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Maddison, Angus (2001). The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (PDF). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ISBN 978-9-2641-8608-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2009.

web.archive.org

Maddison 2001, p. 97, "The total population of the Empire was 412 million [in 1913]"; Maddison 2001, p. 241, ""[World population in 1913 (in thousands):] 1 791 020". Maddison, Angus (2001). The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (PDF). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ISBN 978-9-2641-8608-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Maddison, Angus (2001). The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (PDF). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. ISBN 978-9-2641-8608-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Taagepera 1997, p. 502. Taagepera, Rein (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly. 41 (3): 475–504. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. JSTOR 2600793. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
Porter 1998, p. 8; Marshall 1996, pp. 156–157. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Marshall, P.J., ed. (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5210-0254-7. OL 7712614M.
Brendon 2007, p. 660; Brown 1998, p. 594. Brendon, Piers (2007). The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781–1997. Random House. ISBN 978-0-2240-6222-0. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Canny 1998, p. 7; Kenny 2006, p. 5. Canny, Nicholas, ed. (1998). The Origins of Empire, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume I. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4676-2. OL 7403653M. Kenny, Kevin (2006). Ireland and the British Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-5184-1. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Andrews 1984, p. 187; "Letters Patent to Sir Humfrey Gylberte June 11, 1578". Avalon Project. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021. Andrews, Kenneth (1984). Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-7698-6. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Scott, William. "East India Company, 1817–1827". archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk. Senate House Library Archives, University of London. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
Farrington, Anthony (2002). Trading Places: The East India Company and Asia 1600–1834. British Library. ISBN 978-0-7123-4756-3. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
James 2001, p. 8. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 17. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Watson, Karl (2 February 2011). "Slavery and Economy in Barbados". BBC History. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
Buckner 2008, p. 25. Buckner, Phillip, ed. (2008). Canada and the British Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-7164-1. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Draper, N. (2008). "The City of London and Slavery: Evidence from the First Dock Companies, 1795–1800". The Economic History Review. 61 (2): 432–433, 459–461. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00400.x. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 40057514. S2CID 154280545. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
Magnusson 2003, p. 531. Magnusson, Magnus (2003). Scotland: The Story of a Nation. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-3932-0. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Pagden 2003, p. 90. Pagden, Anthony (2003). Peoples and Empires: A Short History of European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest, from Greece to the Present. Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-8129-6761-6. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 58. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Pagden 2003, p. 91. Pagden, Anthony (2003). Peoples and Empires: A Short History of European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest, from Greece to the Present. Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-8129-6761-6. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Pagden 2003, p. 91; James 2001, p. 120. Pagden, Anthony (2003). Peoples and Empires: A Short History of European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest, from Greece to the Present. Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-8129-6761-6. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 119; Marshall 1998, p. 585. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ——, ed. (1998). The Eighteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4677-9. OL 7403654M.
Latimer 2007, pp. 8, 30–34, 389–392; Marshall 1998, p. 388. Latimer, Jon (2007). War with America. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-6740-2584-4. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ——, ed. (1998). The Eighteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume II. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4677-9. OL 7403654M.
James 2001, p. 142. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Macintyre 2009, pp. 33–34; Broome 2010, p. 18. Macintyre, Stuart (2009). A Concise History of Australia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5215-1608-2. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Broome, Richard (2010). Aboriginal Australians: A history since 1788. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-7417-6554-0. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
Pascoe 2018^{[page needed]}; McKenna 2002, pp. 28–29. Pascoe, Bruce (2018). Dark Emu: Aboriginal Australia and the Birth of Agriculture. Magabala Books. ISBN 978-1-9257-6895-4. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021. McKenna, Mark (2002). Looking for Blackfellas' Point: An Australian History of Place. UNSW Press. ISBN 978-0-8684-0644-2. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
Brock 2011, p. 159. Brock, W.R. (2011). Britain and the Dominions. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-1076-8833-9. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1891). Spanish Institutions of the Southwest Issue 10 of Johns Hopkins University studies in historical and political science. Hopkins Press. p. 335. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
"Battle of Wadgaon". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
James 2001, p. 152. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 151. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 165. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
"Why was Slavery finally abolished in the British Empire?". The Abolition Project. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
Porter 1998, p. 14. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Hinks 2007, p. 129. Hinks, Peter (2007). Encyclopedia of antislavery and abolition. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-3133-3143-5. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
"Slavery After 1807". Historic England. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2019. As a result of public pressure apprenticeships were abolished early, in 1838.
"Slavery Abolition Act 1833; Section XXIV". pdavis. 28 August 1833. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
Sanchez Manning (24 February 2013). "Britain's colonial shame: Slave-owners given huge payouts after". The Independent. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
Hyam 2002, p. 1; Smith 1998, p. 71. Hyam, Ronald (2002). Britain's Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A Study of Empire and Expansion. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7134-3089-9. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Parsons 1999, p. 3. Parsons, Timothy H. (1999). The British Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A World History Perspective. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8825-8. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Porter 1998, p. 401. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Porter 1998, p. 332; Johnston & Reisman 2008, pp. 508–510; Sondhaus 2004, p. 9. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Johnston, Douglas M.; Reisman, W. Michael (2008). The Historical Foundations of World Order. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-9-0474-2393-5. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020. Sondhaus, L. (2004). Navies in Modern World History. Reaktion Books. ISBN 1-8618-9202-0. OL 8631395M.
Dalziel 2006, pp. 88–91. Dalziel, Nigel (2006). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the British Empire. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-1410-1844-7. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Parsons 1999, pp. 44–46. Parsons, Timothy H. (1999). The British Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A World History Perspective. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8825-8. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 5. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Smith 1998, p. 45; Porter 1998, p. 579; Mein Smith 2005, p. 49; "Waitangi Day". nzhistory.govt.nz. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from the original on 20 December 2008. Retrieved 13 December 2008.. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Mein Smith, Philippa (2005). A Concise History of New Zealand. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5215-4228-9. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 181. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 182. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Royle 2000, preface. Royle, Trevor (2000). Crimea: The Great Crimean War, 1854–1856. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-6416-8. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Hodge 2007, p. 47. Hodge, Carl Cavanagh (2007). Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-3133-3404-7. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 1986, p. 718. Louis, Roger (1986). The British Empire in the Middle East, 1945–1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States, and Postwar Imperialism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1982-2960-5. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
James 2001, p. 274. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
"Treaties". Egypt Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
James 2001, p. 298. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Porter 1998, p. 187. Porter, Andrew (1998). The Nineteenth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. III. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4678-6. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Kelly, Ralph (8 August 2017). "A Flag for the Empire" (PDF). The Flag Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
James 2001, p. 315. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
O'Brien 2004, p. 1. O'Brien, Phillips Payson (2004). The Anglo–Japanese Alliance, 1902–1922. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-4153-2611-7. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 667. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, pp. 494–495. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Goldstein 1994, p. 4. Goldstein, Erik (1994). The Washington Conference, 1921–22: Naval Rivalry, East Asian Stability and the Road to Pearl Harbor. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4559-9. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 302. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 294. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 303. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 143. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Magee 1974, p. 108. Magee, John (1974). Northern Ireland: Crisis and Conflict. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-7100-7947-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 416. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 292. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 271. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 68; McIntyre 1977, p. 186. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. McIntyre, W. David (1977). The Commonwealth of Nations. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0792-1. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 69. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Galligan 1995, p. 122. Galligan, Brian (1995). A Federal Republic: Australia's Constitutional System of Government. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139084932. ISBN 978-1-1390-8493-2. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
Gilbert 2005, p. 234. Gilbert, Martin (2005). Churchill and America. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-9122-4. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Lloyd 1996, p. 316; James 2001, p. 513. Lloyd, Trevor Owen (1996). The British Empire 1558–1995. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1987-3134-4. OL 285566M. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Gilbert 2005, p. 244. Gilbert, Martin (2005). Churchill and America. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-9122-4. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 337; Brown 1998, p. 319. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 460. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Darwin 2012, p. 340. Darwin, John (2012). Unfinished Empire, The Global Expansion of Britain. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-8461-4089-1. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
Abernethy 2000, p. 146. Abernethy, David (2000). The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3000-9314-8. Archived from the original on 14 December 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 331. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
"What's a little debt between friends?". BBC News. 10 May 2006. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
Levine 2007, p. 193. Levine, Philippa (2007). The British Empire: Sunrise to Sunset. Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 978-0-5824-7281-5. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
Darwin 2012, p. 343. Darwin, John (2012). Unfinished Empire, The Global Expansion of Britain. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-8461-4089-1. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
Darwin 2012, p. 366. Darwin, John (2012). Unfinished Empire, The Global Expansion of Britain. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-8461-4089-1. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
Abernethy 2000, pp. 148–150. Abernethy, David (2000). The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3000-9314-8. Archived from the original on 14 December 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 330. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
"The British Army in Palestine". National Army Museum. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
Brown 1998, pp. 339–340. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 572. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 581. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 583. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
"Suez Crisis: Key players". BBC News. 21 July 2006. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
Brown, Derek E. (14 March 2001). "1956: Suez and the end of empire". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
Reynolds, Paul (24 July 2006). "Suez: End of empire". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
Brown 1998, pp. 342; Smith 1998, p. 105; Burk 2008, p. 602. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Smith, Simon (1998). British Imperialism 1750–1970. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3-1258-0640-5. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Burk, Kathleen (2008). Old World, New World: Great Britain and America from the Beginning. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-8711-3971-9. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Brown 1998, p. 343. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 585. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
"An affair to remember". The Economist. 27 July 2006. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
James 2001, p. 586. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 616. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Louis 2006, p. 46. Louis, Wm. Roger (2006). Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-8451-1347-6. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Zane, Damian (27 August 2019). "The Kenyan school that was once a British detention camp". BBC News. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
James 2001, pp. 618–621. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 622. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
McIntyre 2016, p. 35. —— (2016). Winding up the British Empire in the Pacific Islands. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1925-1361-8. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
James 2001, pp. 624–625. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
James 2001, p. 629. James, Lawrence (2001). The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Abacus. ISBN 978-0-3121-6985-5. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 594. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Brown 1998, p. 689. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Trumbull, Robert (1 January 1984). "Borneo Sultanate Now Independent". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
Brown 1998, p. 202. Brown, Judith M. (1998). The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1992-4679-3. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
"British Nationality Act 1981, Schedule 6". legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
"The British Nationality Act 1981 (Commencement) Order 1982". legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
Gapes 2008, pp. 145–147. Gapes, Mike (2008). HC Paper 147-II House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee: Overseas Territories, Volume II (PDF). The Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-2155-2150-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
The Commonwealth – About Us Archived 27 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine; Online September 2014
"Head of the Commonwealth". Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
Hogg 2008, p. 424, chapter 9 English Worldwide by David Crystal: "approximately one in four of the worlds population are capable of communicating to a useful level in English". Hogg, Richard (2008). A History of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5216-6227-7. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2010.
Pestan 2009, p. 185. Pestan, Carla Gardina (2009). Protestant Empire: Religion and the Making of the British Atlantic World. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4150-1. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
Dalziel 2006, p. 135. Dalziel, Nigel (2006). The Penguin Historical Atlas of the British Empire. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-1410-1844-7. Archived from the original on 14 May 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Parsons 1999, p. 1. Parsons, Timothy H. (1999). The British Imperial Century, 1815–1914: A World History Perspective. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8825-8. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Go 2007, pp. 92–94. Go, Julian (2007). "A Globalizing Constitutionalism?, Views from the Postcolony, 1945-2000". In Arjomand, Saïd Amir (ed.). Constitutionalism and political reconstruction. Brill. ISBN 978-9-0041-5174-1. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
"How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World". University of Cambridge. 2 December 2013. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
Cuniberti 2014, p. 455. Cuniberti, Gilles (8 October 2014). "The International Market for Contracts: The Most Attractive Contract Laws". Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 34 (3). Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
Young 2020, p. 20. Young, Harold A. (2020). The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council and the Caribbean Court of Justice: Navigating Independence and Changing Political Environments. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4985-8695-5. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
Stone, Jon (21 January 2016). "British people are proud of colonialism and the British Empire, poll finds". The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
Ferguson, Niall (3 June 2004). "Niall Ferguson: What the British Empire did for the world". The Independent. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
Booth, Robert (11 March 2020). "UK more nostalgic for empire than other ex-colonial powers". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Parliament of England (31 December 1600). Charter Granted by Queen Elizabeth to the East India Company – via Wikisource. Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East-Indies

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Koebner 1953, pp. 29–52. Koebner, Richard (May 1953). "The Imperial Crown of This Realm: Henry VIII, Constantine the Great, and Polydore Vergil". Historical Research. 26 (73): 29–52. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1953.tb02124.x. ISSN 1468-2281.
Higman 2000, p. 224; Richardson 2022, p. 24. Higman, B. W. (2000). "The Sugar Revolution". The Economic History Review. 53 (2). Wiley: 213–236. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00158. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2598696. Richardson, David (2022). Principles and Agents: The British Slave Trade and Its Abolition. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv240ddz3. ISBN 978-0-3002-5043-5. JSTOR j.ctv240ddz3. S2CID 244676008.
Higman 2000, pp. 224–225. Higman, B. W. (2000). "The Sugar Revolution". The Economic History Review. 53 (2). Wiley: 213–236. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00158. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2598696.
Higman 2000, pp. 225–226. Higman, B. W. (2000). "The Sugar Revolution". The Economic History Review. 53 (2). Wiley: 213–236. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00158. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2598696.
Pettigrew 2013, p. 11. —— (2013). Freedom's Debt: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672–1752. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-1-4696-1181-5. OCLC 879306121. OL 26886628M.
Pettigrew 2007, pp. 3–38. Pettigrew, William A. (2007). "Free to Enslave: Politics and the Escalation of Britain's Transatlantic Slave Trade, 1688–1714". The William and Mary Quarterly. 64 (1): 3–38. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 4491595.
Draper, N. (2008). "The City of London and Slavery: Evidence from the First Dock Companies, 1795–1800". The Economic History Review. 61 (2): 432–433, 459–461. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00400.x. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 40057514. S2CID 154280545. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
Hunter 1907, p. 203; Capper 1997, p. 28. Hunter, William Wilson (1907), A Brief History of the Indian Peoples, Oxford: Clarendon Press, hdl:2027/uc1.$b196576, OCLC 464656679 Capper, John (1997). Delhi, the Capital of India. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-8-1206-1282-2.
Rosenson, Alex (1947). "The Terms of the Anglo-American Financial Agreement". The American Economic Review. 37 (1): 178–187. ISSN 0002-8282. JSTOR 1802868.
Mycock, Andrew (2009). "British Citizenship and the Legacy of Empires". Parliamentary Affairs. 63 (2): 339–355. doi:10.1093/pa/gsp035. ISSN 0031-2290.
"An affair to remember". The Economist. 27 July 2006. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
Middleton, Alex (6 August 2019). "Review: The Imperial History Wars: Debating the British Empire, by Dane Kennedy". The English Historical Review. 134 (568): 773–775. doi:10.1093/ehr/cez128. ISSN 0013-8266.

worldhistory.org

Cartwright, Mark. "The Sea Dogs - Queen Elizabeth's Privateers". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 December 2024.

yale.edu

avalon.law.yale.edu

Andrews 1984, p. 187; "Letters Patent to Sir Humfrey Gylberte June 11, 1578". Avalon Project. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021. Andrews, Kenneth (1984). Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-7698-6. Retrieved 22 July 2009.