Brown dwarf (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Brown dwarf" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

131doi.org

2^nd place

131harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

113arxiv.org

69^th place

59^th place

93semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

63worldcat.org

5^th place

17web.archive.org

1^st place

9nih.gov

4^th place

5eso.org

3,034^th place

2,650^th place

5caltech.edu

887^th place

714^th place

4oup.com

485^th place

440^th place

4springer.com

274^th place

309^th place

3space.com

936^th place

713^th place

3handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

3nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

2universetoday.com

3,691^st place

3,233^rd place

2hubblesite.org

6,632^nd place

7,237^th place

2cern.ch

1,959^th place

1,611^th place

2noirlab.edu

low place

2berkeley.edu

580^th place

462^nd place

2ciw.edu

low place

1carnegieinstitution.org

low place

1seeker.com

low place

1nrao.edu

low place

1astronomy.com

low place

8,690^th place

1aip.org

2,204^th place

1,735^th place

1iac.es

low place

1nmsu.edu

6,873^rd place

4,881^st place

1u-strasbg.fr

1,342^nd place

1,819^th place

1stsci.edu

low place

1eurekalert.org

3,538^th place

3,083^rd place

1cnn.com

28^th place

26^th place

1williams.edu

low place

7,625^th place

1phys.org

1,283^rd place

1,130^th place

1almaobservatory.org

low place

1noao.edu

low place

1diskdetective.org

low place

1archive.today

14^th place

1iop.org

1,725^th place

1,828^th place

1djm.cc

low place

1nature.com

234^th place

397^th place

1zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

1aasnova.org

low place

aasnova.org

Astrobites (24 June 2020). "Transiting Brown Dwarfs from TESS 2". AAS Nova. Retrieved 2013-03-16.

aip.org

pubs.aip.org

Burgasser, Adam J. (2008-06-01). "Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super jupiters". Physics Today. 61 (6): 70–71. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. ISSN 0031-9228.

almaobservatory.org

Lira, Nicolás; Blue, Charles E.; Turner, Calum; Hiramatsu, Masaaki. "When Is a Nova Not a 'Nova'? When a White Dwarf and a Brown Dwarf Collide". ALMA Observatory. Archived from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-11-12.

archive.today

Morrison, David (2 August 2011). "Scientists today no longer think an object like Nemesis could exist". NASA Ask An Astrobiologist. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012. Retrieved 2011-10-22.

arxiv.org

Sorahana, Satoko; Yamamura, Issei; Murakami, Hiroshi (2013). "On the Radii of Brown Dwarfs Measured with AKARI Near-infrared Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 767 (1): 77. arXiv:1304.1259. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767...77S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/77. We find that the brown dwarf radius ranges between 0.64–1.13 R_J with an average radius of 0.83 R_J.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The Theory of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
R. Rebolo; E. L. Martín; G. Basri; G. W. Marcy; M. R. Zapatero-Osorio (1996). "Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades Cluster Confirmed by the Lithium Test". The Astrophysical Journal. 469: 53–56. arXiv:astro-ph/9607002. Bibcode:1996ApJ...469L..53R. doi:10.1086/310263. S2CID 119485127.
McCaughrean, Mark J.; Close, Laird M.; Scholz, Ralf-Dieter; Lenzen, Rainer; Biller, Beth A.; Brandner, Wolfgang; Hartung, Markus; Lodieu, Nicolas (January 2004). "Epsilon Indi Ba/Bb: the nearest binary brown dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 413 (3): 1029–1036. arXiv:astro-ph/0309256. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034292. S2CID 15407249.
Forbes, John C.; Loeb, Abraham (February 2019), "On the Existence of Brown Dwarfs More Massive than the Hydrogen Burning Limit", The Astrophysical Journal, 871 (2): 11, arXiv:1805.12143, Bibcode:2019ApJ...871..227F, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aafac8, S2CID 119059288, 227
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, W. B.; Lunine, J. I.; Liebert, James (July 2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572. Hence the HBMM at solar metallicity and Y_α = 50.25 is 0.07 – 0.074 M_☉, ... while the HBMM at zero metallicity is 0.092 M_☉
Burgasser, Adam J.; Marley, Mark S.; Ackerman, Andrew S.; Saumon, Didier; Lodders, Katharina; Dahn, Conard C.; Harris, Hugh C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2002-06-01). "Evidence of Cloud Disruption in the L/T Dwarf Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 571 (2): L151 – L154. arXiv:astro-ph/0205051. Bibcode:2002ApJ...571L.151B. doi:10.1086/341343. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagné, Jonathan; Marley, Mark; Metchev, Stanimir; Gizis, John; Rice, Emily L.; Cruz, Kelle (2022-01-01). "Let the Great World Spin: Revealing the Stormy, Turbulent Nature of Young Giant Exoplanet Analogs with the Spitzer Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 924 (2): 68. arXiv:2201.04711. Bibcode:2022ApJ...924...68V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4502. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Burningham, Ben; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Alejandro, Sherelyn; Gonzales, Eileen; Calamari, Emily; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella; Visscher, Channon; Tan, Xianyu; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark; Gemma, Marina E.; Whiteford, Niall; Gaarn, Josefine; Park, Grace (2023-02-01). "Patchy Forsterite Clouds in the Atmospheres of Two Highly Variable Exoplanet Analogs". The Astrophysical Journal. 944 (2): 138. arXiv:2212.07399. Bibcode:2023ApJ...944..138V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acab58. ISSN 0004-637X.
Manjavacas, Elena; Karalidi, Theodora; Vos, Johanna M.; Biller, Beth A.; Lew, Ben W. P. (2021-11-01). "Revealing the Vertical Cloud Structure of a Young Low-mass Brown Dwarf, an Analog to the β-Pictoris b Directly Imaged Exoplanet, through Keck I/MOSFIRE Spectrophotometric Variability". The Astronomical Journal. 162 (5): 179. arXiv:2107.12368. Bibcode:2021AJ....162..179M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac174c. ISSN 0004-6256.
Tremblin, P.; Chabrier, G.; Baraffe, I.; Liu, Michael. C.; Magnier, E. A.; Lagage, P. -O.; Alves de Oliveira, C.; Burgasser, A. J.; Amundsen, D. S.; Drummond, B. (2017-11-01). "Cloudless Atmospheres for Young Low-gravity Substellar Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 850 (1): 46. arXiv:1710.02640. Bibcode:2017ApJ...850...46T. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9214. ISSN 0004-637X.
Suárez, Genaro; Metchev, Stanimir (2022-07-01). "Ultracool dwarfs observed with the Spitzer infrared spectrograph - II. Emergence and sedimentation of silicate clouds in L dwarfs, and analysis of the full M5-T9 field dwarf spectroscopic sample". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 513 (4): 5701–5726. arXiv:2205.00168. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.513.5701S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1205. ISSN 0035-8711.
Miles, Brittany E.; Biller, Beth A.; Patapis, Polychronis; Worthen, Kadin; Rickman, Emily; Hoch, Kielan K. W.; Skemer, Andrew; Perrin, Marshall D.; Whiteford, Niall; Chen, Christine H.; Sargent, B.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Morley, Caroline V.; Moran, Sarah E.; Bonnefoy, Mickael (2023-03-01). "The JWST Early-release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems II: A 1 to 20 μm Spectrum of the Planetary-mass Companion VHS 1256-1257 b". The Astrophysical Journal. 946 (1): L6. arXiv:2209.00620. Bibcode:2023ApJ...946L...6M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb04a. ISSN 0004-637X.
Biller, Beth A.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Mancini, Luigi; Ciceri, Simona; Southworth, John; Kopytova, Taisiya G.; Bonnefoy, Mickaël; Deacon, Niall R.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Buenzli, Esther; Brandner, Wolfgang; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek; Freytag, Bernd; Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Greiner, Jochen; Henning, Thomas; Goldman, Bertrand (6 November 2013). "Weather on the Nearest Brown Dwarfs: Resolved Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Variability Monitoring of WISE J104915.57–531906.1AB". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 778 (1): L10. arXiv:1310.5144. Bibcode:2013ApJ...778L..10B. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/778/1/l10. S2CID 56107487.
Morley, Caroline V.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Marley, Mark S.; Visscher, Channon; Saumon, Didier; Leggett, S. K. (2012-09-01). "Neglected Clouds in T and Y Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 756 (2): 172. arXiv:1206.4313. Bibcode:2012ApJ...756..172M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/172. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118398946.
Manjavacas, Elena; Karalidi, Theodora; Tan, Xianyu; Vos, Johanna M.; Lew, Ben W. P.; Biller, Beth A.; Oliveros-Gómez, Natalia (2022-08-01). "Top-of-the-atmosphere and Vertical Cloud Structure of a Fast-rotating Late T Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (2): 65. arXiv:2206.07566. Bibcode:2022AJ....164...65M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac7953. ISSN 0004-6256.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Tinney, C. G.; Skemer, Andrew; Monson, Andrew J. (2014-09-01). "Indications of Water Clouds in the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 793 (1): L16. arXiv:1408.4671. Bibcode:2014ApJ...793L..16F. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L16. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119246100.
Basri, Gibor; Brown, Michael E. (2006-08-20). "Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 34 (2006): 193–216. arXiv:astro-ph/0608417. Bibcode:2006AREPS..34..193B. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058. S2CID 119338327.
Chen, Jingjing; Kipping, David (2016). "Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (1): 17. arXiv:1603.08614. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834...17C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/17. S2CID 119114880.
Bodenheimer, Peter; D'Angelo, Gennaro; Lissauer, Jack J.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Saumon, Didier (2013). "Deuterium Burning in Massive Giant Planets and Low-mass Brown Dwarfs Formed by Core-nucleated Accretion". The Astrophysical Journal. 770 (2): 120 (13 pp.). arXiv:1305.0980. Bibcode:2013ApJ...770..120B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/120. S2CID 118553341.
Spiegel, David S.; Burrows, Adam; Milson, John A. (2011). "The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 727 (1): 57. arXiv:1008.5150. Bibcode:2011ApJ...727...57S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57. S2CID 118513110.
Schneider, Jean; Dedieu, Cyril; Le Sidaner, Pierre; Savalle, Renaud; Zolotukhin, Ivan (2011). "Defining and cataloging exoplanets: The exoplanet.eu database". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 532 (79): A79. arXiv:1106.0586. Bibcode:2011A&A...532A..79S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116713. S2CID 55994657.
Schneider, Jean (July 2016). "Exoplanets versus brown dwarfs: the CoRoT view and the future". The CoRoT Legacy Book. p. 157. arXiv:1604.00917. doi:10.1051/978-2-7598-1876-1.c038. ISBN 978-2-7598-1876-1. S2CID 118434022.
Hatzes, Artie P.; Rauer, Heike (2015). "A Definition for Giant Planets Based on the Mass-Density Relationship". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): L25. arXiv:1506.05097. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810L..25H. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/810/2/L25. S2CID 119111221.
Wright, Jason T.; Fakhouri, Onsi; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Han, Eunkyu; Feng, Y. Katherina; Johnson, John Asher; Howard, Andrew W.; Fischer, Debra A.; Valenti, Jeff A.; Anderson, Jay; Piskunov, Nikolai (2010). "The Exoplanet Orbit Database". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 123 (902): 412–422. arXiv:1012.5676. Bibcode:2011PASP..123..412W. doi:10.1086/659427. S2CID 51769219.
Delorme, Philippe; Gagné, Jonathan; Malo, Lison; Reylé, Céline; Artigau, Étienne; Albert, Loïc; Forveille, Thierry; Delfosse, Xavier; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek (December 2012). "CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4–7 Jupiter-mass free-floating planet in the young moving group AB Doradus?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548: A26. arXiv:1210.0305. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..26D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219984. S2CID 50935950.
Luhman, Kevin L. (21 April 2014). "Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 786 (2): L18. arXiv:1404.6501. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18. S2CID 119102654.
Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S. (December 2008). "The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams". Astrophysical Journal. 689 (2): 1327–1344. arXiv:0808.2611. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689.1327S. doi:10.1086/592734. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 15981010.
Marocco, Federico; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Wright, Edward L. (2020). "Improved infrared photometry and a preliminary parallax measurement for the extremely cold brown dwarf CWISEP J144606.62-231717.8". The Astrophysical Journal. 888 (2): L19. arXiv:1912.07692. Bibcode:2020ApJ...888L..19M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab6201. S2CID 209386563.
Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (September 2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 89611607.
Mohanty, Subhanjoy; Jayawardhana, Ray; Huélamo, Nuria; Mamajek, Eric (March 2007). "The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS 1207-3932B: Temperature, Mass, and Evidence for an Edge-on Disk". Astrophysical Journal. 657 (2): 1064–1091. arXiv:astro-ph/0610550. Bibcode:2007ApJ...657.1064M. doi:10.1086/510877. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 17326111.
Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Hermes, James J.; Magnier, Eugene A.; Marley, Mark S.; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Tucker, Michael A.; Do, Aaron; Payne, Anna V.; Shappee, Benjamin J. (February 2020). "COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS). I. A High-Gravity T4 Benchmark around an Old White Dwarf and A Re-Examination of the Surface-Gravity Dependence of the L/T Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 891 (2): 171. arXiv:2002.05723. Bibcode:2020ApJ...891..171Z. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab765c. S2CID 211126544.
Smart, Richard L.; Bucciarelli, Beatrice; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Marocco, Federico; Andrei, Alexandre Humberto; Goldman, Bertrand; Méndez, René A.; d'Avila, Victor de A.; Burningham, Ben; Camargo, Julio Ignácio Bueno de; Crosta, Maria Teresa; Daprà, Mario; Jenkins, James S.; Lachaume, Regis; Lattanzi, Mario G.; Penna, Jucira L.; Pinfield, David J.; da Silva Neto, Dario Nepomuceno; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Vecchiato, Alberto (December 2018). "Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects III: 118 L and T dwarfs". MNRAS. 481 (3): 3548–3562. arXiv:1811.00672. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.3548S. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2520. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119390019.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Leggett, Sandy K.; Cushing, Michael C.; Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S.; Roellig, Thomas L.; Warren, Stephen J.; Burningham, Ben; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Lodieu, Nicolas; Lucas, Philip W.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Martín, Eduardo L.; McCaughrean, Mark J.; Pinfield, David J.; Sloan, Gregory C.; Smart, Richard L.; Tamura, Motohide; Van Cleve, Jeffrey (2009). "The Physical Properties of Four ~600 K T Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 695 (2): 1517–1526. arXiv:0901.4093. Bibcode:2009ApJ...695.1517L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1517. S2CID 44050900..
Delorme, Philippe; Delfosse, Xavier; Albert, Loïc; Artigau, Étienne; Forveille, Thierry; Reylé, Céline; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek; Robin, Annie C.; Willott, Chris J.; Liu, Michael C.; Dupuy, Trent J. (2008). "CFBDS J005910.90-011401.3: Reaching the T–Y brown dwarf transition?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 482 (3): 961–971. arXiv:0802.4387. Bibcode:2008A&A...482..961D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079317. S2CID 847552.
Burningham, Ben; Pinfield, David J.; Leggett, Sandy K.; Tamura, Motohide; Lucas, Philip W.; Homeier, Derek; Day-Jones, Avril; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Clarke, J. R. A.; Ishii, Miki; Kuzuhara, Masayuki; Lodieu, Nicolas; Zapatero-Osorio, María Rosa; Venemans, Bram Pieter; Mortlock, Daniel J.; Barrado y Navascués, David; Martín, Eduardo L.; Magazzù, Antonio (2008). "Exploring the substellar temperature regime down to ~550K". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 391 (1): 320–333. arXiv:0806.0067. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391..320B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13885.x. S2CID 1438322.
Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S. (2023-07-01). "The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 951 (2): L48. arXiv:2306.11807. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..48B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace32c. ISSN 0004-637X.
Zahnle, Kevin J.; Marley, Mark S. (2014-12-01). "Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and Ammonia in Brown Dwarfs and Self-Luminous Giant Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 797 (1): 41. arXiv:1408.6283. Bibcode:2014ApJ...797...41Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/797/1/41. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118509317.
Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Goodman, Sam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Kuchner, Marc; Gagné, Jonathan; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Allers, Katelyn; Debes, John; Wisniewski, John (2020-06-01). "WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 895 (2): 145. arXiv:2004.12829. Bibcode:2020ApJ...895..145B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d25. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 216553879.
Burningham, Ben; Smith, Leigh; Cardoso, Cátia V.; Lucas, Philip W.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Smart, Richard L. (May 2014). "The discovery of a T6.5 subdwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 440 (1): 359–364. arXiv:1401.5982. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440..359B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu184. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119283917.
Cruz, Kelle L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burgasser, Adam J. (February 2009). "Young L Dwarfs Identified in the Field: A Preliminary Low-Gravity, Optical Spectral Sequence from L0 to L5". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (2): 3345–3357. arXiv:0812.0364. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.3345C. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/2/3345. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 15376964.
Looper, Dagny L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cutri, Roc M.; Barman, Travis; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Roellig, Thomas; McGovern, Mark R.; McLean, Ian S.; Rice, Emily; Swift, Brandon J. (October 2008). "Discovery of Two Nearby Peculiar L Dwarfs from the 2MASS Proper-Motion Survey: Young or Metal-Rich?". Astrophysical Journal. 686 (1): 528–541. arXiv:0806.1059. Bibcode:2008ApJ...686..528L. doi:10.1086/591025. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 18381182.
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Looper, Dagny L.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Schurr, Steven D.; Cutri, Roc M.; Cushing, Michael C.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Sweet, Anne C.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Barman, Travis S.; Bochanski, John J. (September 2010). "Discoveries from a Near-infrared Proper Motion Survey Using Multi-epoch Two Micron All-Sky Survey Data". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 190 (1): 100–146. arXiv:1008.3591. Bibcode:2010ApJS..190..100K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/100. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118435904.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Riedel, Adric R.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Gagne, Jonathan; Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Lambrides, Erini; Fica, Haley; Weinberger, Alycia; Thorstensen, John R.; Tinney, Chris G.; Baldassare, Vivienne (July 2016). "Population Properties of Brown Dwarf Analogs to Exoplanets". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 225 (1): 10. arXiv:1605.07927. Bibcode:2016ApJS..225...10F. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/225/1/10. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118446190.
Chen, Minghan; Li, Yiting; Brandt, Timothy D.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Cardoso, Cátia V.; McCaughrean, Mark J. (2022). "Precise Dynamical Masses of ε Indi Ba and Bb: Evidence of Slowed Cooling at the L/T Transition". The Astronomical Journal. 163 (6): 288. arXiv:2205.08077. Bibcode:2022AJ....163..288C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac66d2. S2CID 248834536.
Route, Matthew; Wolszczan, Alexander (20 October 2016). "The Second Arecibo Search for 5 GHz Radio Flares from Ultracool Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 830 (2): 85. arXiv:1608.02480. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830...85R. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/85. S2CID 119279978.
Rutledge, Robert E.; Basri, Gibor; Martín, Eduardo L.; Bildsten, Lars (1 August 2000). "Chandra Detection of an X-Ray Flare from the Brown Dwarf LP 944-20". The Astrophysical Journal. 538 (2): L141 – L144. arXiv:astro-ph/0005559. Bibcode:2000ApJ...538L.141R. doi:10.1086/312817. S2CID 17800872.
Berger, Edo; Ball, Steven; Becker, Kate M.; Clarke, Melanie; Frail, Dale A.; Fukuda, Therese A.; Hoffman, Ian M.; Mellon, Richard; Momjian, Emmanuel; Murphy, Nathanial W.; Teng, Stacey H.; Woodruff, Timothy; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Zavala, Robert T. (2001-03-15). "Discovery of radio emission from the brown dwarf LP944-20". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 410 (6826): 338–340. arXiv:astro-ph/0102301. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..338B. doi:10.1038/35066514. PMID 11268202. S2CID 4411256. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Luhman, Kevin L. (April 2013). "Discovery of a Binary Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 767 (1): L1. arXiv:1303.2401. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767L...1L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/767/1/L1. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8419422.
Route, Matthew (10 August 2017). "Radio-flaring Ultracool Dwarf Population Synthesis". The Astrophysical Journal. 845 (1): 66. arXiv:1707.02212. Bibcode:2017ApJ...845...66R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7ede. S2CID 118895524.
Kao, Melodie M.; Hallinan, Gregg; Pineda, J. Sebastian; Stevenson, David; Burgasser, Adam J. (31 July 2018). "The Strongest Magnetic Fields on the Coolest Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 237 (2): 25. arXiv:1808.02485. Bibcode:2018ApJS..237...25K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aac2d5. S2CID 118898602.
Route, Matthew (10 July 2017). "Is WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 Really A Magnetically Active, Pole-on L Dwarf?". The Astrophysical Journal. 843 (2): 115. arXiv:1706.03010. Bibcode:2017ApJ...843..115R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa78ab. S2CID 119056418.
Route, Matthew (20 October 2016). "The Discovery of Solar-like Activity Cycles Beyond the End of the Main Sequence?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 830 (2): L27. arXiv:1609.07761. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830L..27R. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/830/2/L27. S2CID 119111063.
Route, M.; Wolszczan, A. (10 March 2012). "The Arecibo Detection of the Coolest Radio-flaring Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 747 (2): L22. arXiv:1202.1287. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747L..22R. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/747/2/L22. S2CID 119290950.
Route, Matthew (1 May 2024). "ROME. IV. An Arecibo Search for Substellar Magnetospheric Radio Emissions in Purported Exoplanet-hosting Systems at 5 GHz". The Astrophysical Journal. 966 (1): 55. arXiv:2403.02226. Bibcode:2024ApJ...966...55R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad30ff.
Muzic, Koraljka; Schoedel, Rainer; Scholz, Alexander; Geers, Vincent C.; Jayawardhana, Ray; Ascenso, Joana; Cieza, Lucas A. (2017-07-02). "The low-mass content of the massive young star cluster RCW 38". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (3): 3699–3712. arXiv:1707.00277. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.3699M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1906. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 54736762.
Fontanive, Clémence; Biller, Beth; Bonavita, Mariangela; Allers, Katelyn (2018-09-01). "Constraining the multiplicity statistics of the coolest brown dwarfs: binary fraction continues to decrease with spectral type". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 479 (2): 2702–2727. arXiv:1806.08737. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.479.2702F. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1682. ISSN 0035-8711.
Opitz, Daniela; Tinney, C. G.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Sweet, Sarah; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2016-02-24). "Searching for Binary Y dwarfs with the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS)". The Astrophysical Journal. 819 (1): 17. arXiv:1601.05508. Bibcode:2016ApJ...819...17O. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/17. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 3208550.
Calissendorff, Per; De Furio, Matthew; Meyer, Michael; Albert, Loïc; Aganze, Christian; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez; Baron, Frederique; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly; Fontanive, Clémence; Gelino, Christopher R.; Gizis, John E. (2023-03-29). "JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05–014350.4". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 947 (2): L30. arXiv:2303.16923. Bibcode:2023ApJ...947L..30C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d. S2CID 257833714.
Bouy, Hervé; Duchêne, Gaspard; Köhler, Rainer; Brandner, Wolfgang; Bouvier, Jérôme; Martín, Eduardo L.; Ghez, Andrea Mia; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Allard, France; Baraffe, Isabelle; Basri, Gibor; Close, Laird M.; McCabe, Caer E. (2004-08-01). "First determination of the dynamical mass of a binary L dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 423 (1): 341–352. arXiv:astro-ph/0405111. Bibcode:2004A&A...423..341B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040551. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 3149721.
Bedin, Luigi R.; Pourbaix, Dimitri; Apai, Dániel; Burgasser, Adam J.; Buenzli, Esther; Boffin, Henri M. J.; Libralato, Mattia (2017-09-01). "Hubble Space Telescope astrometry of the closest brown dwarf binary system – I. Overview and improved orbit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (1): 1140–1155. arXiv:1706.00657. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1177. hdl:10150/625503. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119385778.
Luhman, Kevin L. (2004-10-10). "The First Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 614 (1): 398–403. arXiv:astro-ph/0407344. Bibcode:2004ApJ...614..398L. doi:10.1086/423666. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 11733526.
Reipurth, Bo; Clarke, Cathie (June 2003). "Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos: Observational Perspectives". IAUS. 211: 13–22. arXiv:astro-ph/0209005. Bibcode:2003IAUS..211...13R. doi:10.1017/s0074180900210188. ISSN 1743-9221. S2CID 16822178.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Goodman, Sam; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Kuchner, Marc J.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Gagné, Jonathan; Schneider, Adam C.; Gonzales, Eileen C.; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E. (2020). "WISE2150-7520AB: A very low mass, wide co-moving brown dwarf system discovered through the citizen science project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9". The Astrophysical Journal. 889 (2): 176. arXiv:1911.04600. Bibcode:2020ApJ...889..176F. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5303. S2CID 207863267.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. (2007). "A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown-Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085". The Astrophysical Journal. 664 (2): 1154–1166. arXiv:0704.3106. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664.1154S. doi:10.1086/519231. S2CID 15144741.
Grether, Daniel; Lineweaver, Charles H. (2006-04-01). "How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert? Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (2): 1051–1062. arXiv:astro-ph/0412356. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640.1051G. doi:10.1086/500161. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8563521.
Farihi, Jay; Christopher, Micol (October 2004). "A Possible Brown Dwarf Companion to the White Dwarf GD 1400". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (4): 1868. arXiv:astro-ph/0407036. Bibcode:2004AJ....128.1868F. doi:10.1086/423919. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 119530628.
Meisner, Aaron M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Caselden, Dan; Gagné, Jonathan; Kuchner, Marc J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Debes, John H.; Artigau, Étienne; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Kiman, Rocio; Allers, Katelyn (2020-08-01). "Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". The Astrophysical Journal. 899 (2): 123. arXiv:2008.06396. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899..123M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aba633. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 221135837.
French, Jenni R.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Debes, John H.; Manjavacas, Elena; Martin, Emily C.; Xu, Siyi (2023-03-01). "Discovery of a resolved white dwarf–brown dwarf binary with a small projected separation: SDSS J222551.65+001637.7AB". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519 (4): 5008–5016. arXiv:2301.02101. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.519.5008F. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3807. ISSN 0035-8711.
Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, P.; Esplin, T. L.; Luhman, K. L.; Morley, Caroline V. (2017-06-01). "The Y-type Brown Dwarfs: Estimates of Mass and Age from New Astrometry, Homogenized Photometry, and Near-infrared Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 118. arXiv:1704.03573. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842..118L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6fb5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119249195.
Casewell, Sarah L.; Braker, Ian P.; Parsons, Steven G.; Hermes, James J.; Burleigh, Matthew R.; Belardi, Claudia; Chaushev, Alexander; Finch, Nicolle L.; Roy, Mervyn; Littlefair, Stuart P.; Goad, Mike; Dennihy, Erik (31 January 2018). "The first sub-70 min non-interacting WD–BD system: EPIC212235321". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476 (1): 1405–1411. arXiv:1801.07773. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.476.1405C. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty245. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 55776991.
Longstaff, Emma S.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Wynn, Graham A.; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Helling, Christiane (2017-10-21). "Emission lines in the atmosphere of the irradiated brown dwarf WD0137−349B". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (2): 1728–1736. arXiv:1707.05793. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.1728L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1786. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 29792989.
Grether, Daniel; Lineweaver, Charles H. (April 2006). "How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert? Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (2): 1051–1062. arXiv:astro-ph/0412356. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640.1051G. doi:10.1086/500161. ISSN 0004-637X.
Rappaport, Saul A.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Nelson, Lorne; Gary, Bruce L.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Kalomeni, Belinda; Howell, Steve B.; Thorstensen, John R.; Lachapelle, François-René; Lundy, Matthew; St-Antoine, Jonathan (2017-10-11). "WD 1202-024: the shortest-period pre-cataclysmic variable". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (1): 948–961. arXiv:1705.05863. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471..948R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1611. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119349942.
Neustroev, Vitaly V.; Mäntynen, Iikka (2023-08-01). "A brown dwarf donor and an optically thin accretion disc with a complex stream impact region in the period-bouncer candidate BW Sculptoris". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 523 (4): 6114–6137. arXiv:2212.03264. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.523.6114N. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1730. ISSN 0035-8711.
Kato, Taichi (2015-12-01). "WZ Sge-type dwarf novae". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 67 (6): 108. arXiv:1507.07659. Bibcode:2015PASJ...67..108K. doi:10.1093/pasj/psv077. ISSN 0004-6264.
Eyres, Stewart P. S.; Evans, Aneurin; Zijlstra, Albert; Avison, Adam; Gehrz, Robert D.; Hajduk, Marcin; Starrfield, Sumner; Mohamed, Shazrene; Woodward, Charles E.; Wagner, R. Mark (2018-12-21). "ALMA reveals the aftermath of a white dwarf–brown dwarf merger in CK Vulpeculae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 481 (4): 4931–4939. arXiv:1809.05849. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.4931E. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2554. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119462149.
Palau, Aina; Huelamo, Nuria; Barrado, David; Dunham, Michael M.; Lee, Chang Won (2024-10-01), "Observations of pre- and proto-brown dwarfs in nearby clouds: paving the way to further constraining theories of brown dwarf formation", New Astronomy Reviews, 99, arXiv:2410.07769, Bibcode:2024NewAR..9901711P, doi:10.1016/j.newar.2024.101711, retrieved 2024-10-25
Riaz, Basmah; Machida, Masahiro N.; Stamatellos, Dimitris (July 2019). "ALMA reveals a pseudo-disc in a proto-brown dwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 486 (3): 4114–4129. arXiv:1904.06418. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.486.4114R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1032. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119286540.
Riaz, Basmah; Briceño, Cesar; Whelan, Emma T.; Heathcote, Stephen (July 2017). "First Large-scale Herbig-Haro Jet Driven by a Proto-brown Dwarf". Astrophysical Journal. 844 (1): 47. arXiv:1705.01170. Bibcode:2017ApJ...844...47R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa70e8. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119080074.
Apai, Dániel; Pascucci, Ilaria; Bouwman, Jeroen; Natta, Antonella; Henning, Thomas; Dullemond, Cornelis P. (2005). "The Onset of Planet Formation in Brown Dwarf Disks". Science. 310 (5749): 834–6. arXiv:astro-ph/0511420. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..834A. doi:10.1126/science.1118042. PMID 16239438. S2CID 5181947.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2011). "Tidal evolution of planets around brown dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 535: A94. arXiv:1109.2906. Bibcode:2011A&A...535A..94B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117734. S2CID 118532416.
Schutte, Maria C.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Silverberg, Steven M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez; Kiman, Rocio; Gagné, Jonathan; Meisner, Aaron; Schneider, Adam C.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Kovacevic, Natalie; Bosch, Milton K.D.; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu (2020-08-04). "Discovery of a Nearby Young Brown Dwarf Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 160 (4): 156. arXiv:2007.15735v2. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..156S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abaccd. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 220920317.
Rilinger, Anneliese M.; Espaillat, Catherine C. (2021-11-01). "Disk Masses and Dust Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks around Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 921 (2): 182. arXiv:2106.05247. Bibcode:2021ApJ...921..182R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac09e5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 235377000.
Luhman, K. L.; Alves de Oliveira, C; Baraffe, I.; Chabrier, G.; Manjavacas, E.; Parker, R. J.; Tremblin, P. (13 Oct 2024). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of Brown Dwarfs in the Orion Nebula Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 975 (2): 162. arXiv:2410.10000. Bibcode:2024ApJ...975..162L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7b19.
Ricci, L.; Testi, L.; Natta, A.; Scholz, A.; de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.; Isella, A. (2014-08-01). "Brown Dwarf Disks with ALMA". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (1): 20. arXiv:1406.0635. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791...20R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/20. hdl:10023/8607. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 13180928.
Boucher, Anne; Lafrenière, David; Gagné, Jonathan; Malo, Lison; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Doyon, René; Chen, Christine H. (2016-11-01). "BANYAN. VIII. New Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs with Candidate Circumstellar Disks". The Astrophysical Journal. 832 (1): 50. arXiv:1608.08259. Bibcode:2016ApJ...832...50B. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/832/1/50. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119017727.
Silverberg, Steven M.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Biggs, Joseph R.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Doll, Katharina; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Enachioaie, Alexandru; Hamilton, Joshua; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu (2020-02-01). "Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 890 (2): 106. arXiv:2001.05030. Bibcode:2020ApJ...890..106S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab68e6. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 210718358.
Luhman, Kevin L.; Adame, Lucía; d'Alessio, Paola; Calvet, Nuria; Hartmann, Lee; Megeath, S. T.; Fazio, G. G. (2005). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L93 – L96. arXiv:astro-ph/0511807. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..93L. doi:10.1086/498868. S2CID 11685964.
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (2022-06-01). "The IAU working definition of an exoplanet". New Astronomy Reviews. 94: 101641. arXiv:2203.09520. Bibcode:2022NewAR..9401641L. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641. ISSN 1387-6473. S2CID 247065421.
Joergens, Viki; Müller, André (2007). "16–20 MJup Radial Velocity Companion Orbiting the Brown Dwarf Candidate Cha Hα 8". The Astrophysical Journal. 666 (2): L113 – L116. arXiv:0707.3744. Bibcode:2007ApJ...666L.113J. doi:10.1086/521825. S2CID 119140521.
Joergens, Viki; Müller, André; Reffert, Sabine (2010). "Improved radial velocity orbit of the young binary brown dwarf candidate Cha Hα 8". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 521 (A24): A24. arXiv:1006.2383. Bibcode:2010A&A...521A..24J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014853. S2CID 54989533.
Bennet, David P.; Bond, Ian A.; Udalski, Andrzej; Sumi, Takahiro; Abe, Fumio; Fukui, Akihiko; Furusawa, Kei; Hearnshaw, John B.; Holderness, Sarah; Itow, Yoshitaka; Kamiya, Koki; Korpela, Aarno V.; Kilmartin, Pamela M.; Lin, Wei; Ling, Cho Hong; Masuda, Kimiaki; Matsubara, Yutaka; Miyake, Noriyuki; Muraki, Yasushi; Nagaya, Maiko; Okumura, Teppei; Ohnishi, Kouji; Perrott, Yvette C.; Rattenbury, Nicholas J.; Sako, Takashi; Saito, Toshiharu; Sato, S.; Skuljan, Ljiljana; Sullivan, Denis J.; Sweatman, Winston L.; Tristram, Paul J.; Yock, Philip C. M.; Kubiak, Marcin; Szymański, Michał K.; Pietrzyński, Grzegorz; Soszyński, Igor; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, Łukasz; Ulaczyk, Krzysztof; Batista, Virginie; Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe; Brillant, Stéphane; Cassan, Arnaud; Fouqué, Pascal; Kervella, Pierre; Kubas, Daniel; Marquette, Jean-Baptiste (30 May 2008). "A Low-Mass Planet with a Possible Sub-Stellar-Mass Host in Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-192". The Astrophysical Journal. 684 (1): 663–683. arXiv:0806.0025. Bibcode:2008ApJ...684..663B. doi:10.1086/589940. S2CID 14467194.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2013). "The Atomic and Molecular Content of Disks Around Very Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 779 (2): 178. arXiv:1311.1228. Bibcode:2013ApJ...779..178P. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/178. S2CID 119001471.
He, Matthias Y.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Gillon, Michaël (January 2017). "First limits on the occurrence rate of short-period planets orbiting brown dwarfs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 464 (3): 2687–2697. arXiv:1609.05053. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.464.2687H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2391. S2CID 53692008.
Limbach, Mary Anne; Vos, Johanna M.; Winn, Joshua N.; Heller, René; Mason, Jeffrey C.; Schneider, Adam C.; Dai, Fei (2021-09-01). "On the Detection of Exomoons Transiting Isolated Planetary-mass Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (2): L25. arXiv:2108.08323. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918L..25L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1e2d. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Biller, Beth A. (2017-06-01). "The Viewing Geometry of Brown Dwarfs Influences Their Observed Colors and Variability Amplitudes". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 78. arXiv:1705.06045. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842...78V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa73cf. ISSN 0004-637X.
Barnes, Rory; Heller, René (2011). "Habitable Planets Around White and Brown Dwarfs: The Perils of a Cooling Primary". Astrobiology. 13 (3): 279–291. arXiv:1211.6467. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13..279B. doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0867. PMC 3612282. PMID 23537137.
Whelan, Emma T.; Ray, Thomas P.; Bacciotti, Francesca; Natta, Antonella; Testi, Leonardo; Randich, Sofia (June 2005). "A resolved outflow of matter from a brown dwarf". Nature. 435 (7042): 652–654. arXiv:astro-ph/0506485. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..652W. doi:10.1038/nature03598. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15931217. S2CID 4415442.
Basri, Gibor; Martín, Eduardo L. (1999). "[astro-ph/9908015] PPl 15: The First Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Binary". The Astronomical Journal. 118 (5): 2460–2465. arXiv:astro-ph/9908015. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2460B. doi:10.1086/301079. S2CID 17662168.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2004). "A possible third component in the L dwarf binary system DENIS-P J020529.0-115925 discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 511–517. arXiv:astro-ph/0410226. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..511B. doi:10.1086/426559. S2CID 119336794.
Burgasser, Adam J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burrows, Adam; Liebert, James; Reid, I. Neill; Gizis, John E.; McGovern, Mark R.; Prato, Lisa; McLean, Ian S. (2003). "The First Substellar Subdwarf? Discovery of a Metal-Poor L Dwarf with Halo Kinematics". The Astrophysical Journal. 592 (2): 1186–1192. arXiv:astro-ph/0304174. Bibcode:2003ApJ...592.1186B. doi:10.1086/375813. S2CID 11895472.
Wolszczan, Alexander; Route, Matthew (2014). "Timing Analysis of the Periodic Radio and Optical Brightness Variations of the Ultracool Dwarf, TVLM 513-46546". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (1): 23. arXiv:1404.4682. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788...23W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/23. S2CID 119114679.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Napiwotzki, Ralf; Dobbie, Paul D.; Burleigh, Matthew R. (2006). "Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 442 (7102): 543–5. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. doi:10.1038/nature04987. hdl:2299/1227. PMID 16885979. S2CID 4368344. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Mace, Gregory N.; Mann, Andrew W.; Skiff, Brian A.; Sneden, Christopher; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Kidder, Benjamin; Gosnell, Natalie M.; Kim, Hwihyun; Mulligan, Brian W.; Prato, L.; Jaffe, Daniel (2018-02-01). "Wolf 1130: A Nearby Triple System Containing a Cool, Ultramassive White Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 145. arXiv:1802.04803. Bibcode:2018ApJ...854..145M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa8dd. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 56431008.
Rothermich, Austin; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Bardalez-Gagliuffi, Daniella; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Meisner, Aaron M.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Kuchner, Marc; Allers, Katelyn; Gagné, Jonathan; Caselden, Dan; Calamari, Emily; Popinchalk, Mark; Gerasimov, Roman; Aganze, Christian; Softich, Emma; Hsu, Chin-Chun; Karpoor, Preethi; Theissen, Christopher A.; Rees, Jon; Cecilio-Flores-Elie, Rosario; Cushing, Michael C.; Marocco, Federico; Casewell, Sarah; Hamlet, Les; Allen, Michaela B.; Beaulieu, Paul; Colin, Guillaume; Gantier, Jean Marc; Gramaize, Leopold; Jałowiczor, Peter; Kabatnik, Martin; Kiwi, Frank; Martin, David W.; Pendrill, Billy; Pumphrey, Ben; Sainio, Arttu; Schümann, Jörg; Stevnbak, Nikolaj; Sun, Guoyou; Tanner, Christopher; Thakur, Vinod; Thévenot, Melina; Wedracki, Zbigniew (7 Mar 2024). "89 New Ultracool Dwarf Co-Moving Companions Identified With The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". AJ. 167 (6): 253. arXiv:2403.04592. Bibcode:2024AJ....167..253R. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad324e.
Levine, Joanna L.; Steinhauer, Aaron; Elston, Richard J.; Lada, Elizabeth A. (2006-08-01). "Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in NGC 2024: Constraints on the Substellar Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (2): 1215–1229. arXiv:astro-ph/0604315. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646.1215L. doi:10.1086/504964. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118955538. Table 3: FLMN_J0541328-0151271
Zhang, ZengHua; Homeier, Derek; Pinfield, David J.; Lodieu, Nicolas; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Pavlenko, Yakiv V. (2017-06-11). "Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs – II. The most metal-poor substellar object". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 468 (1): 261. arXiv:1702.02001. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.468..261Z. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx350. S2CID 54847595.
Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Stassun, Keivan G.; Prša, Andrej; Mathieu, Robert D. (2009-07-10). "Near-Infrared Light Curves of the Brown Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2Mass J05352184-0546085: Can Spots Explain the Temperature Reversal?". The Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1196–1208. arXiv:0905.0491. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1196G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1196. ISSN 0004-637X.
Burdge, Kevin B.; Marsh, Thomas R.; Fuller, Jim; Bellm, Eric C.; Caiazzo, Ilaria; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Coughlin, Michael W.; De, Kishalay; Dhillon, V. S.; Graham, Matthew J.; Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo; Jaodand, Amruta D.; Kaplan, David L.; Kara, Erin; Kong, Albert K. H. (May 2022). "A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple". Nature. 605 (7908): 41–45. arXiv:2205.02278. Bibcode:2022Natur.605...41B. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04551-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 35508781.
Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam J.; Marley, Mark S.; Apai, Dániel; Suárez, Genaro; Plavchan, Peter (March 2021). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv:2103.01990. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. S2CID 232105126.
Rose, Kovi; Pritchard, Joshua; Murphy, Tara; Caleb, Manisha; Dobie, Dougal; Driessen, Laura; Duchesne, Stefan; Kaplan, David; Lenc, Emil; Wang, Ziteng (2023). "Periodic Radio Emission from the T8 Dwarf WISE J062309.94−045624.6". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 951 (2): L43. arXiv:2306.15219. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..43R. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace188. S2CID 259262475.

astronomy.com

"When will the Sun become a black dwarf?". Astronomy.com. April 10, 2020. Retrieved 2022-05-02.

berkeley.edu

astro.berkeley.edu

Burgasser, Adam J. (June 2008). "Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super Jupiters" (PDF). Physics Today. 61 (6). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 70–71. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2022 – via American Institute of Physics.

w.astro.berkeley.edu

"Working Group on Extrasolar Planets". w.astro.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-16.

caltech.edu

spider.ipac.caltech.edu

Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burgasser, Adam J. (6 November 2012). "Photometry, spectroscopy, and astrometry of M, L, and T dwarfs". DwarfArchives.org. Pasadena, CA: California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2012-12-28. (M=536, L=918, T=355, Y=14)
"An Artist's View of Brown Dwarf Types" Archived 2011-11-17 at the Wayback Machine

exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu

Exoplanet Criteria for Inclusion in the Archive, NASA Exoplanet Archive
"Exoplanet Criteria for Inclusion in the Exoplanet Archive". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-16.

coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu

"Cool Cosmos – Planets and Moons". Archived from the original on 2019-02-21. Retrieved 2019-02-11.

carnegieinstitution.org

Boss, Alan; McDowell, Tina (April 3, 2001). "Are They Planets or What?". Untitled Document. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved March 31, 2022.

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

Berger, Edo; Ball, Steven; Becker, Kate M.; Clarke, Melanie; Frail, Dale A.; Fukuda, Therese A.; Hoffman, Ian M.; Mellon, Richard; Momjian, Emmanuel; Murphy, Nathanial W.; Teng, Stacey H.; Woodruff, Timothy; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Zavala, Robert T. (2001-03-15). "Discovery of radio emission from the brown dwarf LP944-20". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 410 (6826): 338–340. arXiv:astro-ph/0102301. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..338B. doi:10.1038/35066514. PMID 11268202. S2CID 4411256. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Napiwotzki, Ralf; Dobbie, Paul D.; Burleigh, Matthew R. (2006). "Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 442 (7102): 543–5. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. doi:10.1038/nature04987. hdl:2299/1227. PMID 16885979. S2CID 4368344. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.

ciw.edu

home.dtm.ciw.edu

"Working Group on Extrasolar Planets: Definition of a "Planet"". IAU position statement. 2003-02-28. Archived from the original on 2014-12-16. Retrieved 2014-04-28.

dtm.ciw.edu

Working Group on Extrasolar Planets – Definition of a "Planet" Archived 2012-07-02 at the Wayback Machine Position statement on the definition of a "planet" (IAU)

cnn.com

"Astronomers Clock High Winds on Object Outside Our Solar System". CNN.com. CNN. 9 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

diskdetective.org

blog.diskdetective.org

Schutte, Maria (2020-08-12). "Our New Paper: Discovery of Nearby Young Brown Dwarf Disk!". DiskDetective.org. Retrieved 2023-09-23.

djm.cc

"Find the constellation which contains given sky coordinates". djm.cc. Retrieved 2025-01-16.

doi.org

Sorahana, Satoko; Yamamura, Issei; Murakami, Hiroshi (2013). "On the Radii of Brown Dwarfs Measured with AKARI Near-infrared Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 767 (1): 77. arXiv:1304.1259. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767...77S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/77. We find that the brown dwarf radius ranges between 0.64–1.13 R_J with an average radius of 0.83 R_J.
Burgasser, Adam J. (June 2008). "Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super Jupiters" (PDF). Physics Today. 61 (6). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 70–71. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2022 – via American Institute of Physics.
Springer, Cham (2014). Joergens, Viki (ed.). 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 401. SpringerLink. XI, 168. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2. eISSN 2214-7985. ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2. ISSN 0067-0057. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The Theory of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Kumar, Shiv S. (1962). "Study of Degeneracy in Very Light Stars". Astronomical Journal. 67: 579. Bibcode:1962AJ.....67S.579K. doi:10.1086/108658.
Tarter, Jill (2014), "Brown is Not a Color: Introduction of the Term 'Brown Dwarf'", in Joergens, Viki (ed.), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol. 401, Springer, pp. 19–24, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_3, ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2
Kumar, Shiv S. (1963). "The Structure of Stars of Very Low Mass". Astrophysical Journal. 137: 1121. Bibcode:1963ApJ...137.1121K. doi:10.1086/147589.
Burgasser, Adam J. (2008-06-01). "Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super jupiters". Physics Today. 61 (6): 70–71. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. ISSN 0031-9228.
Hayashi, Chushiro; Nakano, Takenori (1963). "Evolution of Stars of Small Masses in the Pre-Main-Sequence Stages". Progress of Theoretical Physics. 30 (4): 460–474. Bibcode:1963PThPh..30..460H. doi:10.1143/PTP.30.460.
Nakano, Takenori (2014), "Pre-main Sequence Evolution and the Hydrogen-Burning Minimum Mass", in Joergens, Viki (ed.), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol. 401, Springer, pp. 5–17, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_2, ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, S2CID 73521636
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Reid, I. Neill; Liebert, James; Cutri, Roc M.; Nelson, Brant; Beichmann, Charles A.; Dahn, Conard C.; Monet, David G.; Gizis, John E.; Skrutskie, Michael F. (1999). "Dwarfs Cooler than M: The Definition of Spectral Type L Using Discoveries from the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS)" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 519 (2): 802–833. Bibcode:1999ApJ...519..802K. doi:10.1086/307414. S2CID 73569208.
Zuckerman, B.; Becklin, E. E. (February 1992). "Companions to white dwarfs - Very low-mass stars and the brown dwarf candidate GD 165B". The Astrophysical Journal. 386: 260. Bibcode:1992ApJ...386..260Z. doi:10.1086/171012. ISSN 0004-637X.
Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Henry, Todd J.; Liebert, James (April 1993). "The unique spectrum of the brown dwarf candidate GD 165B and comparison to the spectra of other low-luminosity objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 406: 701. Bibcode:1993ApJ...406..701K. doi:10.1086/172480. ISSN 0004-637X.
Rebolo, Rafael (2014). "Teide 1 and the Discovery of Brown Dwarfs". In Joergens, Viki (ed.). 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 401. Springer. pp. 25–50. Bibcode:2014ASSL..401...25R. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_4. ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2.
Rebolo, Rafael; Zapatero-Osorio, María Rosa; Martín, Eduardo L. (September 1995). "Discovery of a brown dwarf in the Pleiades star cluster". Nature. 377 (6545): 129–131. Bibcode:1995Natur.377..129R. doi:10.1038/377129a0. S2CID 28029538.
R. Rebolo; E. L. Martín; G. Basri; G. W. Marcy; M. R. Zapatero-Osorio (1996). "Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades Cluster Confirmed by the Lithium Test". The Astrophysical Journal. 469: 53–56. arXiv:astro-ph/9607002. Bibcode:1996ApJ...469L..53R. doi:10.1086/310263. S2CID 119485127.
McCaughrean, Mark J.; Close, Laird M.; Scholz, Ralf-Dieter; Lenzen, Rainer; Biller, Beth A.; Brandner, Wolfgang; Hartung, Markus; Lodieu, Nicolas (January 2004). "Epsilon Indi Ba/Bb: the nearest binary brown dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 413 (3): 1029–1036. arXiv:astro-ph/0309256. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034292. S2CID 15407249.
Forbes, John C.; Loeb, Abraham (February 2019), "On the Existence of Brown Dwarfs More Massive than the Hydrogen Burning Limit", The Astrophysical Journal, 871 (2): 11, arXiv:1805.12143, Bibcode:2019ApJ...871..227F, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aafac8, S2CID 119059288, 227
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, W. B.; Lunine, J. I.; Liebert, James (July 2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572. Hence the HBMM at solar metallicity and Y_α = 50.25 is 0.07 – 0.074 M_☉, ... while the HBMM at zero metallicity is 0.092 M_☉
Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. (30 May 1997). "Brown Dwarfs: A Possible Missing Link Between Stars and Planets". Science. 276 (5317): 1350–1354. Bibcode:1997Sci...276.1350K. doi:10.1126/science.276.5317.1350.
Burgasser, Adam J.; Marley, Mark S.; Ackerman, Andrew S.; Saumon, Didier; Lodders, Katharina; Dahn, Conard C.; Harris, Hugh C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2002-06-01). "Evidence of Cloud Disruption in the L/T Dwarf Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 571 (2): L151 – L154. arXiv:astro-ph/0205051. Bibcode:2002ApJ...571L.151B. doi:10.1086/341343. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagné, Jonathan; Marley, Mark; Metchev, Stanimir; Gizis, John; Rice, Emily L.; Cruz, Kelle (2022-01-01). "Let the Great World Spin: Revealing the Stormy, Turbulent Nature of Young Giant Exoplanet Analogs with the Spitzer Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 924 (2): 68. arXiv:2201.04711. Bibcode:2022ApJ...924...68V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4502. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Burningham, Ben; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Alejandro, Sherelyn; Gonzales, Eileen; Calamari, Emily; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella; Visscher, Channon; Tan, Xianyu; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark; Gemma, Marina E.; Whiteford, Niall; Gaarn, Josefine; Park, Grace (2023-02-01). "Patchy Forsterite Clouds in the Atmospheres of Two Highly Variable Exoplanet Analogs". The Astrophysical Journal. 944 (2): 138. arXiv:2212.07399. Bibcode:2023ApJ...944..138V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acab58. ISSN 0004-637X.
Manjavacas, Elena; Karalidi, Theodora; Vos, Johanna M.; Biller, Beth A.; Lew, Ben W. P. (2021-11-01). "Revealing the Vertical Cloud Structure of a Young Low-mass Brown Dwarf, an Analog to the β-Pictoris b Directly Imaged Exoplanet, through Keck I/MOSFIRE Spectrophotometric Variability". The Astronomical Journal. 162 (5): 179. arXiv:2107.12368. Bibcode:2021AJ....162..179M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac174c. ISSN 0004-6256.
Tremblin, P.; Chabrier, G.; Baraffe, I.; Liu, Michael. C.; Magnier, E. A.; Lagage, P. -O.; Alves de Oliveira, C.; Burgasser, A. J.; Amundsen, D. S.; Drummond, B. (2017-11-01). "Cloudless Atmospheres for Young Low-gravity Substellar Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 850 (1): 46. arXiv:1710.02640. Bibcode:2017ApJ...850...46T. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9214. ISSN 0004-637X.
Suárez, Genaro; Metchev, Stanimir (2022-07-01). "Ultracool dwarfs observed with the Spitzer infrared spectrograph - II. Emergence and sedimentation of silicate clouds in L dwarfs, and analysis of the full M5-T9 field dwarf spectroscopic sample". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 513 (4): 5701–5726. arXiv:2205.00168. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.513.5701S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1205. ISSN 0035-8711.
Miles, Brittany E.; Biller, Beth A.; Patapis, Polychronis; Worthen, Kadin; Rickman, Emily; Hoch, Kielan K. W.; Skemer, Andrew; Perrin, Marshall D.; Whiteford, Niall; Chen, Christine H.; Sargent, B.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Morley, Caroline V.; Moran, Sarah E.; Bonnefoy, Mickael (2023-03-01). "The JWST Early-release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems II: A 1 to 20 μm Spectrum of the Planetary-mass Companion VHS 1256-1257 b". The Astrophysical Journal. 946 (1): L6. arXiv:2209.00620. Bibcode:2023ApJ...946L...6M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb04a. ISSN 0004-637X.
Biller, Beth A.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Mancini, Luigi; Ciceri, Simona; Southworth, John; Kopytova, Taisiya G.; Bonnefoy, Mickaël; Deacon, Niall R.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Buenzli, Esther; Brandner, Wolfgang; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek; Freytag, Bernd; Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Greiner, Jochen; Henning, Thomas; Goldman, Bertrand (6 November 2013). "Weather on the Nearest Brown Dwarfs: Resolved Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Variability Monitoring of WISE J104915.57–531906.1AB". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 778 (1): L10. arXiv:1310.5144. Bibcode:2013ApJ...778L..10B. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/778/1/l10. S2CID 56107487.
Morley, Caroline V.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Marley, Mark S.; Visscher, Channon; Saumon, Didier; Leggett, S. K. (2012-09-01). "Neglected Clouds in T and Y Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 756 (2): 172. arXiv:1206.4313. Bibcode:2012ApJ...756..172M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/172. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118398946.
Manjavacas, Elena; Karalidi, Theodora; Tan, Xianyu; Vos, Johanna M.; Lew, Ben W. P.; Biller, Beth A.; Oliveros-Gómez, Natalia (2022-08-01). "Top-of-the-atmosphere and Vertical Cloud Structure of a Fast-rotating Late T Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (2): 65. arXiv:2206.07566. Bibcode:2022AJ....164...65M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac7953. ISSN 0004-6256.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Tinney, C. G.; Skemer, Andrew; Monson, Andrew J. (2014-09-01). "Indications of Water Clouds in the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 793 (1): L16. arXiv:1408.4671. Bibcode:2014ApJ...793L..16F. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L16. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119246100.
Basri, Gibor; Brown, Michael E. (2006-08-20). "Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 34 (2006): 193–216. arXiv:astro-ph/0608417. Bibcode:2006AREPS..34..193B. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058. S2CID 119338327.
Chen, Jingjing; Kipping, David (2016). "Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (1): 17. arXiv:1603.08614. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834...17C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/17. S2CID 119114880.
Bodenheimer, Peter; D'Angelo, Gennaro; Lissauer, Jack J.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Saumon, Didier (2013). "Deuterium Burning in Massive Giant Planets and Low-mass Brown Dwarfs Formed by Core-nucleated Accretion". The Astrophysical Journal. 770 (2): 120 (13 pp.). arXiv:1305.0980. Bibcode:2013ApJ...770..120B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/120. S2CID 118553341.
Spiegel, David S.; Burrows, Adam; Milson, John A. (2011). "The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 727 (1): 57. arXiv:1008.5150. Bibcode:2011ApJ...727...57S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57. S2CID 118513110.
Schneider, Jean; Dedieu, Cyril; Le Sidaner, Pierre; Savalle, Renaud; Zolotukhin, Ivan (2011). "Defining and cataloging exoplanets: The exoplanet.eu database". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 532 (79): A79. arXiv:1106.0586. Bibcode:2011A&A...532A..79S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116713. S2CID 55994657.
Schneider, Jean (July 2016). "Exoplanets versus brown dwarfs: the CoRoT view and the future". The CoRoT Legacy Book. p. 157. arXiv:1604.00917. doi:10.1051/978-2-7598-1876-1.c038. ISBN 978-2-7598-1876-1. S2CID 118434022.
Hatzes, Artie P.; Rauer, Heike (2015). "A Definition for Giant Planets Based on the Mass-Density Relationship". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): L25. arXiv:1506.05097. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810L..25H. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/810/2/L25. S2CID 119111221.
Wright, Jason T.; Fakhouri, Onsi; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Han, Eunkyu; Feng, Y. Katherina; Johnson, John Asher; Howard, Andrew W.; Fischer, Debra A.; Valenti, Jeff A.; Anderson, Jay; Piskunov, Nikolai (2010). "The Exoplanet Orbit Database". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 123 (902): 412–422. arXiv:1012.5676. Bibcode:2011PASP..123..412W. doi:10.1086/659427. S2CID 51769219.
Delorme, Philippe; Gagné, Jonathan; Malo, Lison; Reylé, Céline; Artigau, Étienne; Albert, Loïc; Forveille, Thierry; Delfosse, Xavier; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek (December 2012). "CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4–7 Jupiter-mass free-floating planet in the young moving group AB Doradus?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548: A26. arXiv:1210.0305. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..26D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219984. S2CID 50935950.
Luhman, Kevin L. (21 April 2014). "Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 786 (2): L18. arXiv:1404.6501. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18. S2CID 119102654.
Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S. (December 2008). "The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams". Astrophysical Journal. 689 (2): 1327–1344. arXiv:0808.2611. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689.1327S. doi:10.1086/592734. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 15981010.
Marocco, Federico; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Wright, Edward L. (2020). "Improved infrared photometry and a preliminary parallax measurement for the extremely cold brown dwarf CWISEP J144606.62-231717.8". The Astrophysical Journal. 888 (2): L19. arXiv:1912.07692. Bibcode:2020ApJ...888L..19M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab6201. S2CID 209386563.
Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (September 2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 89611607.
Mohanty, Subhanjoy; Jayawardhana, Ray; Huélamo, Nuria; Mamajek, Eric (March 2007). "The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS 1207-3932B: Temperature, Mass, and Evidence for an Edge-on Disk". Astrophysical Journal. 657 (2): 1064–1091. arXiv:astro-ph/0610550. Bibcode:2007ApJ...657.1064M. doi:10.1086/510877. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 17326111.
Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Hermes, James J.; Magnier, Eugene A.; Marley, Mark S.; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Tucker, Michael A.; Do, Aaron; Payne, Anna V.; Shappee, Benjamin J. (February 2020). "COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS). I. A High-Gravity T4 Benchmark around an Old White Dwarf and A Re-Examination of the Surface-Gravity Dependence of the L/T Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 891 (2): 171. arXiv:2002.05723. Bibcode:2020ApJ...891..171Z. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab765c. S2CID 211126544.
Smart, Richard L.; Bucciarelli, Beatrice; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Marocco, Federico; Andrei, Alexandre Humberto; Goldman, Bertrand; Méndez, René A.; d'Avila, Victor de A.; Burningham, Ben; Camargo, Julio Ignácio Bueno de; Crosta, Maria Teresa; Daprà, Mario; Jenkins, James S.; Lachaume, Regis; Lattanzi, Mario G.; Penna, Jucira L.; Pinfield, David J.; da Silva Neto, Dario Nepomuceno; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Vecchiato, Alberto (December 2018). "Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects III: 118 L and T dwarfs". MNRAS. 481 (3): 3548–3562. arXiv:1811.00672. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.3548S. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2520. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119390019.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Leggett, Sandy K.; Cushing, Michael C.; Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S.; Roellig, Thomas L.; Warren, Stephen J.; Burningham, Ben; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Lodieu, Nicolas; Lucas, Philip W.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Martín, Eduardo L.; McCaughrean, Mark J.; Pinfield, David J.; Sloan, Gregory C.; Smart, Richard L.; Tamura, Motohide; Van Cleve, Jeffrey (2009). "The Physical Properties of Four ~600 K T Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 695 (2): 1517–1526. arXiv:0901.4093. Bibcode:2009ApJ...695.1517L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1517. S2CID 44050900..
Delorme, Philippe; Delfosse, Xavier; Albert, Loïc; Artigau, Étienne; Forveille, Thierry; Reylé, Céline; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek; Robin, Annie C.; Willott, Chris J.; Liu, Michael C.; Dupuy, Trent J. (2008). "CFBDS J005910.90-011401.3: Reaching the T–Y brown dwarf transition?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 482 (3): 961–971. arXiv:0802.4387. Bibcode:2008A&A...482..961D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079317. S2CID 847552.
Burningham, Ben; Pinfield, David J.; Leggett, Sandy K.; Tamura, Motohide; Lucas, Philip W.; Homeier, Derek; Day-Jones, Avril; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Clarke, J. R. A.; Ishii, Miki; Kuzuhara, Masayuki; Lodieu, Nicolas; Zapatero-Osorio, María Rosa; Venemans, Bram Pieter; Mortlock, Daniel J.; Barrado y Navascués, David; Martín, Eduardo L.; Magazzù, Antonio (2008). "Exploring the substellar temperature regime down to ~550K". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 391 (1): 320–333. arXiv:0806.0067. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391..320B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13885.x. S2CID 1438322.
Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S. (2023-07-01). "The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 951 (2): L48. arXiv:2306.11807. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..48B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace32c. ISSN 0004-637X.
Zahnle, Kevin J.; Marley, Mark S. (2014-12-01). "Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and Ammonia in Brown Dwarfs and Self-Luminous Giant Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 797 (1): 41. arXiv:1408.6283. Bibcode:2014ApJ...797...41Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/797/1/41. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118509317.
Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Goodman, Sam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Kuchner, Marc; Gagné, Jonathan; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Allers, Katelyn; Debes, John; Wisniewski, John (2020-06-01). "WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 895 (2): 145. arXiv:2004.12829. Bibcode:2020ApJ...895..145B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d25. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 216553879.
Burningham, Ben; Smith, Leigh; Cardoso, Cátia V.; Lucas, Philip W.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Smart, Richard L. (May 2014). "The discovery of a T6.5 subdwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 440 (1): 359–364. arXiv:1401.5982. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440..359B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu184. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119283917.
Cruz, Kelle L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burgasser, Adam J. (February 2009). "Young L Dwarfs Identified in the Field: A Preliminary Low-Gravity, Optical Spectral Sequence from L0 to L5". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (2): 3345–3357. arXiv:0812.0364. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.3345C. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/2/3345. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 15376964.
Looper, Dagny L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cutri, Roc M.; Barman, Travis; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Roellig, Thomas; McGovern, Mark R.; McLean, Ian S.; Rice, Emily; Swift, Brandon J. (October 2008). "Discovery of Two Nearby Peculiar L Dwarfs from the 2MASS Proper-Motion Survey: Young or Metal-Rich?". Astrophysical Journal. 686 (1): 528–541. arXiv:0806.1059. Bibcode:2008ApJ...686..528L. doi:10.1086/591025. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 18381182.
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Looper, Dagny L.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Schurr, Steven D.; Cutri, Roc M.; Cushing, Michael C.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Sweet, Anne C.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Barman, Travis S.; Bochanski, John J. (September 2010). "Discoveries from a Near-infrared Proper Motion Survey Using Multi-epoch Two Micron All-Sky Survey Data". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 190 (1): 100–146. arXiv:1008.3591. Bibcode:2010ApJS..190..100K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/100. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118435904.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Riedel, Adric R.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Gagne, Jonathan; Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Lambrides, Erini; Fica, Haley; Weinberger, Alycia; Thorstensen, John R.; Tinney, Chris G.; Baldassare, Vivienne (July 2016). "Population Properties of Brown Dwarf Analogs to Exoplanets". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 225 (1): 10. arXiv:1605.07927. Bibcode:2016ApJS..225...10F. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/225/1/10. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118446190.
Chen, Minghan; Li, Yiting; Brandt, Timothy D.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Cardoso, Cátia V.; McCaughrean, Mark J. (2022). "Precise Dynamical Masses of ε Indi Ba and Bb: Evidence of Slowed Cooling at the L/T Transition". The Astronomical Journal. 163 (6): 288. arXiv:2205.08077. Bibcode:2022AJ....163..288C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac66d2. S2CID 248834536.
Route, Matthew; Wolszczan, Alexander (20 October 2016). "The Second Arecibo Search for 5 GHz Radio Flares from Ultracool Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 830 (2): 85. arXiv:1608.02480. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830...85R. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/85. S2CID 119279978.
Rutledge, Robert E.; Basri, Gibor; Martín, Eduardo L.; Bildsten, Lars (1 August 2000). "Chandra Detection of an X-Ray Flare from the Brown Dwarf LP 944-20". The Astrophysical Journal. 538 (2): L141 – L144. arXiv:astro-ph/0005559. Bibcode:2000ApJ...538L.141R. doi:10.1086/312817. S2CID 17800872.
Berger, Edo; Ball, Steven; Becker, Kate M.; Clarke, Melanie; Frail, Dale A.; Fukuda, Therese A.; Hoffman, Ian M.; Mellon, Richard; Momjian, Emmanuel; Murphy, Nathanial W.; Teng, Stacey H.; Woodruff, Timothy; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Zavala, Robert T. (2001-03-15). "Discovery of radio emission from the brown dwarf LP944-20". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 410 (6826): 338–340. arXiv:astro-ph/0102301. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..338B. doi:10.1038/35066514. PMID 11268202. S2CID 4411256. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Luhman, Kevin L. (April 2013). "Discovery of a Binary Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 767 (1): L1. arXiv:1303.2401. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767L...1L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/767/1/L1. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8419422.
Route, Matthew (10 August 2017). "Radio-flaring Ultracool Dwarf Population Synthesis". The Astrophysical Journal. 845 (1): 66. arXiv:1707.02212. Bibcode:2017ApJ...845...66R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7ede. S2CID 118895524.
Kao, Melodie M.; Hallinan, Gregg; Pineda, J. Sebastian; Stevenson, David; Burgasser, Adam J. (31 July 2018). "The Strongest Magnetic Fields on the Coolest Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 237 (2): 25. arXiv:1808.02485. Bibcode:2018ApJS..237...25K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aac2d5. S2CID 118898602.
Route, Matthew (10 July 2017). "Is WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 Really A Magnetically Active, Pole-on L Dwarf?". The Astrophysical Journal. 843 (2): 115. arXiv:1706.03010. Bibcode:2017ApJ...843..115R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa78ab. S2CID 119056418.
Route, Matthew (20 October 2016). "The Discovery of Solar-like Activity Cycles Beyond the End of the Main Sequence?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 830 (2): L27. arXiv:1609.07761. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830L..27R. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/830/2/L27. S2CID 119111063.
Route, M.; Wolszczan, A. (10 March 2012). "The Arecibo Detection of the Coolest Radio-flaring Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 747 (2): L22. arXiv:1202.1287. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747L..22R. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/747/2/L22. S2CID 119290950.
Route, Matthew (1 May 2024). "ROME. IV. An Arecibo Search for Substellar Magnetospheric Radio Emissions in Purported Exoplanet-hosting Systems at 5 GHz". The Astrophysical Journal. 966 (1): 55. arXiv:2403.02226. Bibcode:2024ApJ...966...55R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad30ff.
Muzic, Koraljka; Schoedel, Rainer; Scholz, Alexander; Geers, Vincent C.; Jayawardhana, Ray; Ascenso, Joana; Cieza, Lucas A. (2017-07-02). "The low-mass content of the massive young star cluster RCW 38". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (3): 3699–3712. arXiv:1707.00277. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.3699M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1906. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 54736762.
Apai, Dániel; Karalidi, T.; Marley, Mark S.; Yang, H.; Flateau, D.; Metchev, S.; Cowan, N. B.; Buenzli, E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Radigan, J.; Artigau, Étienne; Lowrance, P. (2017). "Zones, spots, and planetary-scale waves beating in brown dwarf atmospheres". Science. 357 (6352): 683–687. Bibcode:2017Sci...357..683A. doi:10.1126/science.aam9848. PMID 28818943.
Fontanive, Clémence; Biller, Beth; Bonavita, Mariangela; Allers, Katelyn (2018-09-01). "Constraining the multiplicity statistics of the coolest brown dwarfs: binary fraction continues to decrease with spectral type". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 479 (2): 2702–2727. arXiv:1806.08737. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.479.2702F. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1682. ISSN 0035-8711.
Opitz, Daniela; Tinney, C. G.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Sweet, Sarah; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2016-02-24). "Searching for Binary Y dwarfs with the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS)". The Astrophysical Journal. 819 (1): 17. arXiv:1601.05508. Bibcode:2016ApJ...819...17O. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/17. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 3208550.
Calissendorff, Per; De Furio, Matthew; Meyer, Michael; Albert, Loïc; Aganze, Christian; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez; Baron, Frederique; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly; Fontanive, Clémence; Gelino, Christopher R.; Gizis, John E. (2023-03-29). "JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05–014350.4". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 947 (2): L30. arXiv:2303.16923. Bibcode:2023ApJ...947L..30C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d. S2CID 257833714.
Bouy, Hervé; Duchêne, Gaspard; Köhler, Rainer; Brandner, Wolfgang; Bouvier, Jérôme; Martín, Eduardo L.; Ghez, Andrea Mia; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Allard, France; Baraffe, Isabelle; Basri, Gibor; Close, Laird M.; McCabe, Caer E. (2004-08-01). "First determination of the dynamical mass of a binary L dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 423 (1): 341–352. arXiv:astro-ph/0405111. Bibcode:2004A&A...423..341B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040551. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 3149721.
Bedin, Luigi R.; Pourbaix, Dimitri; Apai, Dániel; Burgasser, Adam J.; Buenzli, Esther; Boffin, Henri M. J.; Libralato, Mattia (2017-09-01). "Hubble Space Telescope astrometry of the closest brown dwarf binary system – I. Overview and improved orbit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (1): 1140–1155. arXiv:1706.00657. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1177. hdl:10150/625503. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119385778.
Luhman, Kevin L. (2004-10-10). "The First Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 614 (1): 398–403. arXiv:astro-ph/0407344. Bibcode:2004ApJ...614..398L. doi:10.1086/423666. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 11733526.
Reipurth, Bo; Clarke, Cathie (June 2003). "Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos: Observational Perspectives". IAUS. 211: 13–22. arXiv:astro-ph/0209005. Bibcode:2003IAUS..211...13R. doi:10.1017/s0074180900210188. ISSN 1743-9221. S2CID 16822178.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Goodman, Sam; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Kuchner, Marc J.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Gagné, Jonathan; Schneider, Adam C.; Gonzales, Eileen C.; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E. (2020). "WISE2150-7520AB: A very low mass, wide co-moving brown dwarf system discovered through the citizen science project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9". The Astrophysical Journal. 889 (2): 176. arXiv:1911.04600. Bibcode:2020ApJ...889..176F. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5303. S2CID 207863267.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. (March 2006). "Discovery of two young brown dwarfs in an eclipsing binary system". Nature. 440 (7082): 311–314. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..311S. doi:10.1038/nature04570. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16541067. S2CID 4310407.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. (2007). "A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown-Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085". The Astrophysical Journal. 664 (2): 1154–1166. arXiv:0704.3106. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664.1154S. doi:10.1086/519231. S2CID 15144741.
Grether, Daniel; Lineweaver, Charles H. (2006-04-01). "How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert? Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (2): 1051–1062. arXiv:astro-ph/0412356. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640.1051G. doi:10.1086/500161. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8563521.
Farihi, Jay; Christopher, Micol (October 2004). "A Possible Brown Dwarf Companion to the White Dwarf GD 1400". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (4): 1868. arXiv:astro-ph/0407036. Bibcode:2004AJ....128.1868F. doi:10.1086/423919. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 119530628.
Meisner, Aaron M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Caselden, Dan; Gagné, Jonathan; Kuchner, Marc J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Debes, John H.; Artigau, Étienne; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Kiman, Rocio; Allers, Katelyn (2020-08-01). "Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". The Astrophysical Journal. 899 (2): 123. arXiv:2008.06396. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899..123M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aba633. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 221135837.
French, Jenni R.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Debes, John H.; Manjavacas, Elena; Martin, Emily C.; Xu, Siyi (2023-03-01). "Discovery of a resolved white dwarf–brown dwarf binary with a small projected separation: SDSS J222551.65+001637.7AB". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519 (4): 5008–5016. arXiv:2301.02101. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.519.5008F. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3807. ISSN 0035-8711.
Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, P.; Esplin, T. L.; Luhman, K. L.; Morley, Caroline V. (2017-06-01). "The Y-type Brown Dwarfs: Estimates of Mass and Age from New Astrometry, Homogenized Photometry, and Near-infrared Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 118. arXiv:1704.03573. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842..118L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6fb5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119249195.
Casewell, Sarah L.; Braker, Ian P.; Parsons, Steven G.; Hermes, James J.; Burleigh, Matthew R.; Belardi, Claudia; Chaushev, Alexander; Finch, Nicolle L.; Roy, Mervyn; Littlefair, Stuart P.; Goad, Mike; Dennihy, Erik (31 January 2018). "The first sub-70 min non-interacting WD–BD system: EPIC212235321". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476 (1): 1405–1411. arXiv:1801.07773. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.476.1405C. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty245. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 55776991.
Longstaff, Emma S.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Wynn, Graham A.; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Helling, Christiane (2017-10-21). "Emission lines in the atmosphere of the irradiated brown dwarf WD0137−349B". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (2): 1728–1736. arXiv:1707.05793. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.1728L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1786. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 29792989.
Grether, Daniel; Lineweaver, Charles H. (April 2006). "How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert? Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (2): 1051–1062. arXiv:astro-ph/0412356. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640.1051G. doi:10.1086/500161. ISSN 0004-637X.
Rappaport, Saul A.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Nelson, Lorne; Gary, Bruce L.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Kalomeni, Belinda; Howell, Steve B.; Thorstensen, John R.; Lachapelle, François-René; Lundy, Matthew; St-Antoine, Jonathan (2017-10-11). "WD 1202-024: the shortest-period pre-cataclysmic variable". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (1): 948–961. arXiv:1705.05863. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471..948R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1611. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119349942.
Neustroev, Vitaly V.; Mäntynen, Iikka (2023-08-01). "A brown dwarf donor and an optically thin accretion disc with a complex stream impact region in the period-bouncer candidate BW Sculptoris". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 523 (4): 6114–6137. arXiv:2212.03264. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.523.6114N. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1730. ISSN 0035-8711.
Kato, Taichi (2015-12-01). "WZ Sge-type dwarf novae". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 67 (6): 108. arXiv:1507.07659. Bibcode:2015PASJ...67..108K. doi:10.1093/pasj/psv077. ISSN 0004-6264.
Eyres, Stewart P. S.; Evans, Aneurin; Zijlstra, Albert; Avison, Adam; Gehrz, Robert D.; Hajduk, Marcin; Starrfield, Sumner; Mohamed, Shazrene; Woodward, Charles E.; Wagner, R. Mark (2018-12-21). "ALMA reveals the aftermath of a white dwarf–brown dwarf merger in CK Vulpeculae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 481 (4): 4931–4939. arXiv:1809.05849. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.4931E. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2554. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119462149.
Palau, Aina; Huelamo, Nuria; Barrado, David; Dunham, Michael M.; Lee, Chang Won (2024-10-01), "Observations of pre- and proto-brown dwarfs in nearby clouds: paving the way to further constraining theories of brown dwarf formation", New Astronomy Reviews, 99, arXiv:2410.07769, Bibcode:2024NewAR..9901711P, doi:10.1016/j.newar.2024.101711, retrieved 2024-10-25
Riaz, Basmah; Machida, Masahiro N.; Stamatellos, Dimitris (July 2019). "ALMA reveals a pseudo-disc in a proto-brown dwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 486 (3): 4114–4129. arXiv:1904.06418. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.486.4114R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1032. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119286540.
Riaz, Basmah; Briceño, Cesar; Whelan, Emma T.; Heathcote, Stephen (July 2017). "First Large-scale Herbig-Haro Jet Driven by a Proto-brown Dwarf". Astrophysical Journal. 844 (1): 47. arXiv:1705.01170. Bibcode:2017ApJ...844...47R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa70e8. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119080074.
Apai, Dániel; Pascucci, Ilaria; Bouwman, Jeroen; Natta, Antonella; Henning, Thomas; Dullemond, Cornelis P. (2005). "The Onset of Planet Formation in Brown Dwarf Disks". Science. 310 (5749): 834–6. arXiv:astro-ph/0511420. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..834A. doi:10.1126/science.1118042. PMID 16239438. S2CID 5181947.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2011). "Tidal evolution of planets around brown dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 535: A94. arXiv:1109.2906. Bibcode:2011A&A...535A..94B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117734. S2CID 118532416.
Schutte, Maria C.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Silverberg, Steven M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez; Kiman, Rocio; Gagné, Jonathan; Meisner, Aaron; Schneider, Adam C.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Kovacevic, Natalie; Bosch, Milton K.D.; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu (2020-08-04). "Discovery of a Nearby Young Brown Dwarf Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 160 (4): 156. arXiv:2007.15735v2. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..156S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abaccd. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 220920317.
Rilinger, Anneliese M.; Espaillat, Catherine C. (2021-11-01). "Disk Masses and Dust Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks around Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 921 (2): 182. arXiv:2106.05247. Bibcode:2021ApJ...921..182R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac09e5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 235377000.
Luhman, K. L.; Alves de Oliveira, C; Baraffe, I.; Chabrier, G.; Manjavacas, E.; Parker, R. J.; Tremblin, P. (13 Oct 2024). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of Brown Dwarfs in the Orion Nebula Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 975 (2): 162. arXiv:2410.10000. Bibcode:2024ApJ...975..162L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7b19.
Ricci, L.; Testi, L.; Natta, A.; Scholz, A.; de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.; Isella, A. (2014-08-01). "Brown Dwarf Disks with ALMA". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (1): 20. arXiv:1406.0635. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791...20R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/20. hdl:10023/8607. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 13180928.
Boucher, Anne; Lafrenière, David; Gagné, Jonathan; Malo, Lison; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Doyon, René; Chen, Christine H. (2016-11-01). "BANYAN. VIII. New Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs with Candidate Circumstellar Disks". The Astrophysical Journal. 832 (1): 50. arXiv:1608.08259. Bibcode:2016ApJ...832...50B. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/832/1/50. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119017727.
Silverberg, Steven M.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Biggs, Joseph R.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Doll, Katharina; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Enachioaie, Alexandru; Hamilton, Joshua; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu (2020-02-01). "Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 890 (2): 106. arXiv:2001.05030. Bibcode:2020ApJ...890..106S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab68e6. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 210718358.
Luhman, Kevin L.; Adame, Lucía; d'Alessio, Paola; Calvet, Nuria; Hartmann, Lee; Megeath, S. T.; Fazio, G. G. (2005). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L93 – L96. arXiv:astro-ph/0511807. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..93L. doi:10.1086/498868. S2CID 11685964.
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (2022-06-01). "The IAU working definition of an exoplanet". New Astronomy Reviews. 94: 101641. arXiv:2203.09520. Bibcode:2022NewAR..9401641L. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641. ISSN 1387-6473. S2CID 247065421.
Joergens, Viki; Müller, André (2007). "16–20 MJup Radial Velocity Companion Orbiting the Brown Dwarf Candidate Cha Hα 8". The Astrophysical Journal. 666 (2): L113 – L116. arXiv:0707.3744. Bibcode:2007ApJ...666L.113J. doi:10.1086/521825. S2CID 119140521.
Joergens, Viki; Müller, André; Reffert, Sabine (2010). "Improved radial velocity orbit of the young binary brown dwarf candidate Cha Hα 8". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 521 (A24): A24. arXiv:1006.2383. Bibcode:2010A&A...521A..24J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014853. S2CID 54989533.
Bennet, David P.; Bond, Ian A.; Udalski, Andrzej; Sumi, Takahiro; Abe, Fumio; Fukui, Akihiko; Furusawa, Kei; Hearnshaw, John B.; Holderness, Sarah; Itow, Yoshitaka; Kamiya, Koki; Korpela, Aarno V.; Kilmartin, Pamela M.; Lin, Wei; Ling, Cho Hong; Masuda, Kimiaki; Matsubara, Yutaka; Miyake, Noriyuki; Muraki, Yasushi; Nagaya, Maiko; Okumura, Teppei; Ohnishi, Kouji; Perrott, Yvette C.; Rattenbury, Nicholas J.; Sako, Takashi; Saito, Toshiharu; Sato, S.; Skuljan, Ljiljana; Sullivan, Denis J.; Sweatman, Winston L.; Tristram, Paul J.; Yock, Philip C. M.; Kubiak, Marcin; Szymański, Michał K.; Pietrzyński, Grzegorz; Soszyński, Igor; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, Łukasz; Ulaczyk, Krzysztof; Batista, Virginie; Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe; Brillant, Stéphane; Cassan, Arnaud; Fouqué, Pascal; Kervella, Pierre; Kubas, Daniel; Marquette, Jean-Baptiste (30 May 2008). "A Low-Mass Planet with a Possible Sub-Stellar-Mass Host in Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-192". The Astrophysical Journal. 684 (1): 663–683. arXiv:0806.0025. Bibcode:2008ApJ...684..663B. doi:10.1086/589940. S2CID 14467194.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2013). "The Atomic and Molecular Content of Disks Around Very Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 779 (2): 178. arXiv:1311.1228. Bibcode:2013ApJ...779..178P. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/178. S2CID 119001471.
He, Matthias Y.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Gillon, Michaël (January 2017). "First limits on the occurrence rate of short-period planets orbiting brown dwarfs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 464 (3): 2687–2697. arXiv:1609.05053. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.464.2687H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2391. S2CID 53692008.
Limbach, Mary Anne; Vos, Johanna M.; Winn, Joshua N.; Heller, René; Mason, Jeffrey C.; Schneider, Adam C.; Dai, Fei (2021-09-01). "On the Detection of Exomoons Transiting Isolated Planetary-mass Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (2): L25. arXiv:2108.08323. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918L..25L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1e2d. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Biller, Beth A. (2017-06-01). "The Viewing Geometry of Brown Dwarfs Influences Their Observed Colors and Variability Amplitudes". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 78. arXiv:1705.06045. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842...78V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa73cf. ISSN 0004-637X.
Barnes, Rory; Heller, René (2011). "Habitable Planets Around White and Brown Dwarfs: The Perils of a Cooling Primary". Astrobiology. 13 (3): 279–291. arXiv:1211.6467. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13..279B. doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0867. PMC 3612282. PMID 23537137.
Whelan, Emma T.; Ray, Thomas P.; Bacciotti, Francesca; Natta, Antonella; Testi, Leonardo; Randich, Sofia (June 2005). "A resolved outflow of matter from a brown dwarf". Nature. 435 (7042): 652–654. arXiv:astro-ph/0506485. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..652W. doi:10.1038/nature03598. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15931217. S2CID 4415442.
Basri, Gibor; Martín, Eduardo L. (1999). "[astro-ph/9908015] PPl 15: The First Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Binary". The Astronomical Journal. 118 (5): 2460–2465. arXiv:astro-ph/9908015. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2460B. doi:10.1086/301079. S2CID 17662168.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2004). "A possible third component in the L dwarf binary system DENIS-P J020529.0-115925 discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 511–517. arXiv:astro-ph/0410226. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..511B. doi:10.1086/426559. S2CID 119336794.
Burgasser, Adam J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burrows, Adam; Liebert, James; Reid, I. Neill; Gizis, John E.; McGovern, Mark R.; Prato, Lisa; McLean, Ian S. (2003). "The First Substellar Subdwarf? Discovery of a Metal-Poor L Dwarf with Halo Kinematics". The Astrophysical Journal. 592 (2): 1186–1192. arXiv:astro-ph/0304174. Bibcode:2003ApJ...592.1186B. doi:10.1086/375813. S2CID 11895472.
Wolszczan, Alexander; Route, Matthew (2014). "Timing Analysis of the Periodic Radio and Optical Brightness Variations of the Ultracool Dwarf, TVLM 513-46546". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (1): 23. arXiv:1404.4682. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788...23W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/23. S2CID 119114679.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Napiwotzki, Ralf; Dobbie, Paul D.; Burleigh, Matthew R. (2006). "Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 442 (7102): 543–5. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. doi:10.1038/nature04987. hdl:2299/1227. PMID 16885979. S2CID 4368344. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Mace, Gregory N.; Mann, Andrew W.; Skiff, Brian A.; Sneden, Christopher; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Kidder, Benjamin; Gosnell, Natalie M.; Kim, Hwihyun; Mulligan, Brian W.; Prato, L.; Jaffe, Daniel (2018-02-01). "Wolf 1130: A Nearby Triple System Containing a Cool, Ultramassive White Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 145. arXiv:1802.04803. Bibcode:2018ApJ...854..145M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa8dd. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 56431008.
Rothermich, Austin; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Bardalez-Gagliuffi, Daniella; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Meisner, Aaron M.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Kuchner, Marc; Allers, Katelyn; Gagné, Jonathan; Caselden, Dan; Calamari, Emily; Popinchalk, Mark; Gerasimov, Roman; Aganze, Christian; Softich, Emma; Hsu, Chin-Chun; Karpoor, Preethi; Theissen, Christopher A.; Rees, Jon; Cecilio-Flores-Elie, Rosario; Cushing, Michael C.; Marocco, Federico; Casewell, Sarah; Hamlet, Les; Allen, Michaela B.; Beaulieu, Paul; Colin, Guillaume; Gantier, Jean Marc; Gramaize, Leopold; Jałowiczor, Peter; Kabatnik, Martin; Kiwi, Frank; Martin, David W.; Pendrill, Billy; Pumphrey, Ben; Sainio, Arttu; Schümann, Jörg; Stevnbak, Nikolaj; Sun, Guoyou; Tanner, Christopher; Thakur, Vinod; Thévenot, Melina; Wedracki, Zbigniew (7 Mar 2024). "89 New Ultracool Dwarf Co-Moving Companions Identified With The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". AJ. 167 (6): 253. arXiv:2403.04592. Bibcode:2024AJ....167..253R. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad324e.
Levine, Joanna L.; Steinhauer, Aaron; Elston, Richard J.; Lada, Elizabeth A. (2006-08-01). "Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in NGC 2024: Constraints on the Substellar Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (2): 1215–1229. arXiv:astro-ph/0604315. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646.1215L. doi:10.1086/504964. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118955538. Table 3: FLMN_J0541328-0151271
Zhang, ZengHua; Homeier, Derek; Pinfield, David J.; Lodieu, Nicolas; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Pavlenko, Yakiv V. (2017-06-11). "Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs – II. The most metal-poor substellar object". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 468 (1): 261. arXiv:1702.02001. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.468..261Z. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx350. S2CID 54847595.
Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Stassun, Keivan G.; Prša, Andrej; Mathieu, Robert D. (2009-07-10). "Near-Infrared Light Curves of the Brown Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2Mass J05352184-0546085: Can Spots Explain the Temperature Reversal?". The Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1196–1208. arXiv:0905.0491. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1196G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1196. ISSN 0004-637X.
Burdge, Kevin B.; Marsh, Thomas R.; Fuller, Jim; Bellm, Eric C.; Caiazzo, Ilaria; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Coughlin, Michael W.; De, Kishalay; Dhillon, V. S.; Graham, Matthew J.; Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo; Jaodand, Amruta D.; Kaplan, David L.; Kara, Erin; Kong, Albert K. H. (May 2022). "A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple". Nature. 605 (7908): 41–45. arXiv:2205.02278. Bibcode:2022Natur.605...41B. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04551-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 35508781.
Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam J.; Marley, Mark S.; Apai, Dániel; Suárez, Genaro; Plavchan, Peter (March 2021). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv:2103.01990. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. S2CID 232105126.
Zeidler, Peter; Sabbi, Elena; Nota, Antonella; Manjavacas, Elena; Jones, Olivia C.; Pacifici, Camilla (2024). "Discovering Subsolar Metallicity Brown Dwarf Candidates in the Small Magellanic Cloud". The Astrophysical Journal. 975 (1): 18. Bibcode:2024ApJ...975...18Z. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad779e.
Sanghi, Aniket; Liu, Michael C.; Best, William M. J.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Siverd, Robert J.; Zhang, Zhoujian; Hurt, Spencer A.; Magnier, Eugene A.; Aller, Kimberly M.; Deacon, Niall R. (2023). "Table of Ultracool Fundamental Properties". Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.10086810.
Rose, Kovi; Pritchard, Joshua; Murphy, Tara; Caleb, Manisha; Dobie, Dougal; Driessen, Laura; Duchesne, Stefan; Kaplan, David; Lenc, Emil; Wang, Ziteng (2023). "Periodic Radio Emission from the T8 Dwarf WISE J062309.94−045624.6". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 951 (2): L43. arXiv:2306.15219. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..43R. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace188. S2CID 259262475.

eso.org

Chauvin, Gael; Zuckerman, Ben; Lagrange, Anne-Marie. "Yes, it is the Image of an Exoplanet: Astronomers Confirm the First Image of a Planet Outside of Our Solar System" (Press release). European Southern Observatory. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
Bouy, Hervé. "Weighing Ultra-Cool Stars – Large Ground-Based Telescopes and Hubble Team-Up to Perform First Direct Brown Dwarf Mass Measurement" (Press release). European Southern Observatory. Retrieved 2019-12-11.
Maxted, Pierre; Napiwotzki, Ralf; Dobbie, Paul; Burleigh, Matt. "A Sub-Stellar Jonah – Brown Dwarf Survives Being Swallowed" (Press release). European Southern Observatory. Retrieved 2019-12-11.
Ricci, Luca; Testi, Leonardo; Pierce-Price, Douglas; Stoke, John. "Even Brown Dwarfs May Grow Rocky Planets" (Press release). European Southern Observatory. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
Scholz, Ralf-Dieter; McCaughrean, Mark (2003-01-13). "eso0303 – Discovery of Nearest Known Brown Dwarf" (Press release). European Southern Observatory. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved 2013-03-16.

eurekalert.org

National Radio Astronomy Observatory (9 April 2020). "Astronomers measure wind speed on a brown dwarf – Atmosphere, interior rotating at different speeds". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 10 April 2020.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Bedin, Luigi R.; Pourbaix, Dimitri; Apai, Dániel; Burgasser, Adam J.; Buenzli, Esther; Boffin, Henri M. J.; Libralato, Mattia (2017-09-01). "Hubble Space Telescope astrometry of the closest brown dwarf binary system – I. Overview and improved orbit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (1): 1140–1155. arXiv:1706.00657. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1177. hdl:10150/625503. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119385778.
Ricci, L.; Testi, L.; Natta, A.; Scholz, A.; de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.; Isella, A. (2014-08-01). "Brown Dwarf Disks with ALMA". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (1): 20. arXiv:1406.0635. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791...20R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/20. hdl:10023/8607. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 13180928.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Napiwotzki, Ralf; Dobbie, Paul D.; Burleigh, Matthew R. (2006). "Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 442 (7102): 543–5. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. doi:10.1038/nature04987. hdl:2299/1227. PMID 16885979. S2CID 4368344. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Sorahana, Satoko; Yamamura, Issei; Murakami, Hiroshi (2013). "On the Radii of Brown Dwarfs Measured with AKARI Near-infrared Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 767 (1): 77. arXiv:1304.1259. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767...77S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/77. We find that the brown dwarf radius ranges between 0.64–1.13 R_J with an average radius of 0.83 R_J.
Burgasser, Adam J. (June 2008). "Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super Jupiters" (PDF). Physics Today. 61 (6). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 70–71. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2022 – via American Institute of Physics.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The Theory of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Kumar, Shiv S. (1962). "Study of Degeneracy in Very Light Stars". Astronomical Journal. 67: 579. Bibcode:1962AJ.....67S.579K. doi:10.1086/108658.
Kumar, Shiv S. (1963). "The Structure of Stars of Very Low Mass". Astrophysical Journal. 137: 1121. Bibcode:1963ApJ...137.1121K. doi:10.1086/147589.
Burgasser, Adam J. (2008-06-01). "Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super jupiters". Physics Today. 61 (6): 70–71. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. ISSN 0031-9228.
Hayashi, Chushiro; Nakano, Takenori (1963). "Evolution of Stars of Small Masses in the Pre-Main-Sequence Stages". Progress of Theoretical Physics. 30 (4): 460–474. Bibcode:1963PThPh..30..460H. doi:10.1143/PTP.30.460.
Martín, Eduardo L.; Basri, Gibor; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry (1997). "Keck HIRES spectra of the brown dwarf DENIS-P J1228.2-1547". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 327: L29 – L32. Bibcode:1997A&A...327L..29M.
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Reid, I. Neill; Liebert, James; Cutri, Roc M.; Nelson, Brant; Beichmann, Charles A.; Dahn, Conard C.; Monet, David G.; Gizis, John E.; Skrutskie, Michael F. (1999). "Dwarfs Cooler than M: The Definition of Spectral Type L Using Discoveries from the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS)" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 519 (2): 802–833. Bibcode:1999ApJ...519..802K. doi:10.1086/307414. S2CID 73569208.
Zuckerman, B.; Becklin, E. E. (February 1992). "Companions to white dwarfs - Very low-mass stars and the brown dwarf candidate GD 165B". The Astrophysical Journal. 386: 260. Bibcode:1992ApJ...386..260Z. doi:10.1086/171012. ISSN 0004-637X.
Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Henry, Todd J.; Liebert, James (April 1993). "The unique spectrum of the brown dwarf candidate GD 165B and comparison to the spectra of other low-luminosity objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 406: 701. Bibcode:1993ApJ...406..701K. doi:10.1086/172480. ISSN 0004-637X.
Rebolo, Rafael (2014). "Teide 1 and the Discovery of Brown Dwarfs". In Joergens, Viki (ed.). 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 401. Springer. pp. 25–50. Bibcode:2014ASSL..401...25R. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_4. ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2.
Rebolo, Rafael; Zapatero-Osorio, María Rosa; Martín, Eduardo L. (September 1995). "Discovery of a brown dwarf in the Pleiades star cluster". Nature. 377 (6545): 129–131. Bibcode:1995Natur.377..129R. doi:10.1038/377129a0. S2CID 28029538.
Leech, Kieron; Altieri, Bruno; Metcalfe, Liam; Martin, Eduardo L.; Rebolo, Rafael; Zapatero-Osorio, María Rosa; Laureijs, René J.; Prusti, Timo; Salama, Alberto; Siebenmorgen, Ralf; Claes, Peter; Trams, Norman (2000). "Mid-IR Observations of the Pleiades Brown Dwarfs Teide 1 & Calar 3". ASP Conference Series. 212: 82–87. Bibcode:2000ASPC..212...82L.
R. Rebolo; E. L. Martín; G. Basri; G. W. Marcy; M. R. Zapatero-Osorio (1996). "Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades Cluster Confirmed by the Lithium Test". The Astrophysical Journal. 469: 53–56. arXiv:astro-ph/9607002. Bibcode:1996ApJ...469L..53R. doi:10.1086/310263. S2CID 119485127.
Forbes, John C.; Loeb, Abraham (February 2019), "On the Existence of Brown Dwarfs More Massive than the Hydrogen Burning Limit", The Astrophysical Journal, 871 (2): 11, arXiv:1805.12143, Bibcode:2019ApJ...871..227F, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aafac8, S2CID 119059288, 227
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, W. B.; Lunine, J. I.; Liebert, James (July 2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572. Hence the HBMM at solar metallicity and Y_α = 50.25 is 0.07 – 0.074 M_☉, ... while the HBMM at zero metallicity is 0.092 M_☉
Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. (30 May 1997). "Brown Dwarfs: A Possible Missing Link Between Stars and Planets". Science. 276 (5317): 1350–1354. Bibcode:1997Sci...276.1350K. doi:10.1126/science.276.5317.1350.
Burgasser, Adam J.; Marley, Mark S.; Ackerman, Andrew S.; Saumon, Didier; Lodders, Katharina; Dahn, Conard C.; Harris, Hugh C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2002-06-01). "Evidence of Cloud Disruption in the L/T Dwarf Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 571 (2): L151 – L154. arXiv:astro-ph/0205051. Bibcode:2002ApJ...571L.151B. doi:10.1086/341343. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagné, Jonathan; Marley, Mark; Metchev, Stanimir; Gizis, John; Rice, Emily L.; Cruz, Kelle (2022-01-01). "Let the Great World Spin: Revealing the Stormy, Turbulent Nature of Young Giant Exoplanet Analogs with the Spitzer Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 924 (2): 68. arXiv:2201.04711. Bibcode:2022ApJ...924...68V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4502. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Burningham, Ben; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Alejandro, Sherelyn; Gonzales, Eileen; Calamari, Emily; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella; Visscher, Channon; Tan, Xianyu; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark; Gemma, Marina E.; Whiteford, Niall; Gaarn, Josefine; Park, Grace (2023-02-01). "Patchy Forsterite Clouds in the Atmospheres of Two Highly Variable Exoplanet Analogs". The Astrophysical Journal. 944 (2): 138. arXiv:2212.07399. Bibcode:2023ApJ...944..138V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acab58. ISSN 0004-637X.
Manjavacas, Elena; Karalidi, Theodora; Vos, Johanna M.; Biller, Beth A.; Lew, Ben W. P. (2021-11-01). "Revealing the Vertical Cloud Structure of a Young Low-mass Brown Dwarf, an Analog to the β-Pictoris b Directly Imaged Exoplanet, through Keck I/MOSFIRE Spectrophotometric Variability". The Astronomical Journal. 162 (5): 179. arXiv:2107.12368. Bibcode:2021AJ....162..179M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac174c. ISSN 0004-6256.
Tremblin, P.; Chabrier, G.; Baraffe, I.; Liu, Michael. C.; Magnier, E. A.; Lagage, P. -O.; Alves de Oliveira, C.; Burgasser, A. J.; Amundsen, D. S.; Drummond, B. (2017-11-01). "Cloudless Atmospheres for Young Low-gravity Substellar Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 850 (1): 46. arXiv:1710.02640. Bibcode:2017ApJ...850...46T. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9214. ISSN 0004-637X.
Suárez, Genaro; Metchev, Stanimir (2022-07-01). "Ultracool dwarfs observed with the Spitzer infrared spectrograph - II. Emergence and sedimentation of silicate clouds in L dwarfs, and analysis of the full M5-T9 field dwarf spectroscopic sample". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 513 (4): 5701–5726. arXiv:2205.00168. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.513.5701S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1205. ISSN 0035-8711.
Miles, Brittany E.; Biller, Beth A.; Patapis, Polychronis; Worthen, Kadin; Rickman, Emily; Hoch, Kielan K. W.; Skemer, Andrew; Perrin, Marshall D.; Whiteford, Niall; Chen, Christine H.; Sargent, B.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Morley, Caroline V.; Moran, Sarah E.; Bonnefoy, Mickael (2023-03-01). "The JWST Early-release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems II: A 1 to 20 μm Spectrum of the Planetary-mass Companion VHS 1256-1257 b". The Astrophysical Journal. 946 (1): L6. arXiv:2209.00620. Bibcode:2023ApJ...946L...6M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb04a. ISSN 0004-637X.
Biller, Beth A.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Mancini, Luigi; Ciceri, Simona; Southworth, John; Kopytova, Taisiya G.; Bonnefoy, Mickaël; Deacon, Niall R.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Buenzli, Esther; Brandner, Wolfgang; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek; Freytag, Bernd; Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Greiner, Jochen; Henning, Thomas; Goldman, Bertrand (6 November 2013). "Weather on the Nearest Brown Dwarfs: Resolved Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Variability Monitoring of WISE J104915.57–531906.1AB". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 778 (1): L10. arXiv:1310.5144. Bibcode:2013ApJ...778L..10B. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/778/1/l10. S2CID 56107487.
Morley, Caroline V.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Marley, Mark S.; Visscher, Channon; Saumon, Didier; Leggett, S. K. (2012-09-01). "Neglected Clouds in T and Y Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 756 (2): 172. arXiv:1206.4313. Bibcode:2012ApJ...756..172M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/172. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118398946.
Manjavacas, Elena; Karalidi, Theodora; Tan, Xianyu; Vos, Johanna M.; Lew, Ben W. P.; Biller, Beth A.; Oliveros-Gómez, Natalia (2022-08-01). "Top-of-the-atmosphere and Vertical Cloud Structure of a Fast-rotating Late T Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (2): 65. arXiv:2206.07566. Bibcode:2022AJ....164...65M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac7953. ISSN 0004-6256.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Tinney, C. G.; Skemer, Andrew; Monson, Andrew J. (2014-09-01). "Indications of Water Clouds in the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 793 (1): L16. arXiv:1408.4671. Bibcode:2014ApJ...793L..16F. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L16. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119246100.
Basri, Gibor; Brown, Michael E. (2006-08-20). "Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 34 (2006): 193–216. arXiv:astro-ph/0608417. Bibcode:2006AREPS..34..193B. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058. S2CID 119338327.
Chen, Jingjing; Kipping, David (2016). "Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (1): 17. arXiv:1603.08614. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834...17C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/17. S2CID 119114880.
Bodenheimer, Peter; D'Angelo, Gennaro; Lissauer, Jack J.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Saumon, Didier (2013). "Deuterium Burning in Massive Giant Planets and Low-mass Brown Dwarfs Formed by Core-nucleated Accretion". The Astrophysical Journal. 770 (2): 120 (13 pp.). arXiv:1305.0980. Bibcode:2013ApJ...770..120B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/120. S2CID 118553341.
Spiegel, David S.; Burrows, Adam; Milson, John A. (2011). "The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 727 (1): 57. arXiv:1008.5150. Bibcode:2011ApJ...727...57S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57. S2CID 118513110.
Schneider, Jean; Dedieu, Cyril; Le Sidaner, Pierre; Savalle, Renaud; Zolotukhin, Ivan (2011). "Defining and cataloging exoplanets: The exoplanet.eu database". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 532 (79): A79. arXiv:1106.0586. Bibcode:2011A&A...532A..79S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116713. S2CID 55994657.
Hatzes, Artie P.; Rauer, Heike (2015). "A Definition for Giant Planets Based on the Mass-Density Relationship". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): L25. arXiv:1506.05097. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810L..25H. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/810/2/L25. S2CID 119111221.
Wright, Jason T.; Fakhouri, Onsi; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Han, Eunkyu; Feng, Y. Katherina; Johnson, John Asher; Howard, Andrew W.; Fischer, Debra A.; Valenti, Jeff A.; Anderson, Jay; Piskunov, Nikolai (2010). "The Exoplanet Orbit Database". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 123 (902): 412–422. arXiv:1012.5676. Bibcode:2011PASP..123..412W. doi:10.1086/659427. S2CID 51769219.
Delorme, Philippe; Gagné, Jonathan; Malo, Lison; Reylé, Céline; Artigau, Étienne; Albert, Loïc; Forveille, Thierry; Delfosse, Xavier; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek (December 2012). "CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4–7 Jupiter-mass free-floating planet in the young moving group AB Doradus?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548: A26. arXiv:1210.0305. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..26D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219984. S2CID 50935950.
Luhman, Kevin L. (21 April 2014). "Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 786 (2): L18. arXiv:1404.6501. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18. S2CID 119102654.
Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S. (December 2008). "The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams". Astrophysical Journal. 689 (2): 1327–1344. arXiv:0808.2611. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689.1327S. doi:10.1086/592734. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 15981010.
Marocco, Federico; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Wright, Edward L. (2020). "Improved infrared photometry and a preliminary parallax measurement for the extremely cold brown dwarf CWISEP J144606.62-231717.8". The Astrophysical Journal. 888 (2): L19. arXiv:1912.07692. Bibcode:2020ApJ...888L..19M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab6201. S2CID 209386563.
Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (September 2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 89611607.
Mohanty, Subhanjoy; Jayawardhana, Ray; Huélamo, Nuria; Mamajek, Eric (March 2007). "The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS 1207-3932B: Temperature, Mass, and Evidence for an Edge-on Disk". Astrophysical Journal. 657 (2): 1064–1091. arXiv:astro-ph/0610550. Bibcode:2007ApJ...657.1064M. doi:10.1086/510877. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 17326111.
Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Hermes, James J.; Magnier, Eugene A.; Marley, Mark S.; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Tucker, Michael A.; Do, Aaron; Payne, Anna V.; Shappee, Benjamin J. (February 2020). "COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS). I. A High-Gravity T4 Benchmark around an Old White Dwarf and A Re-Examination of the Surface-Gravity Dependence of the L/T Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 891 (2): 171. arXiv:2002.05723. Bibcode:2020ApJ...891..171Z. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab765c. S2CID 211126544.
Smart, Richard L.; Bucciarelli, Beatrice; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Marocco, Federico; Andrei, Alexandre Humberto; Goldman, Bertrand; Méndez, René A.; d'Avila, Victor de A.; Burningham, Ben; Camargo, Julio Ignácio Bueno de; Crosta, Maria Teresa; Daprà, Mario; Jenkins, James S.; Lachaume, Regis; Lattanzi, Mario G.; Penna, Jucira L.; Pinfield, David J.; da Silva Neto, Dario Nepomuceno; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Vecchiato, Alberto (December 2018). "Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects III: 118 L and T dwarfs". MNRAS. 481 (3): 3548–3562. arXiv:1811.00672. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.3548S. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2520. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119390019.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Leggett, Sandy K.; Cushing, Michael C.; Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S.; Roellig, Thomas L.; Warren, Stephen J.; Burningham, Ben; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Lodieu, Nicolas; Lucas, Philip W.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Martín, Eduardo L.; McCaughrean, Mark J.; Pinfield, David J.; Sloan, Gregory C.; Smart, Richard L.; Tamura, Motohide; Van Cleve, Jeffrey (2009). "The Physical Properties of Four ~600 K T Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 695 (2): 1517–1526. arXiv:0901.4093. Bibcode:2009ApJ...695.1517L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1517. S2CID 44050900..
Delorme, Philippe; Delfosse, Xavier; Albert, Loïc; Artigau, Étienne; Forveille, Thierry; Reylé, Céline; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek; Robin, Annie C.; Willott, Chris J.; Liu, Michael C.; Dupuy, Trent J. (2008). "CFBDS J005910.90-011401.3: Reaching the T–Y brown dwarf transition?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 482 (3): 961–971. arXiv:0802.4387. Bibcode:2008A&A...482..961D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079317. S2CID 847552.
Burningham, Ben; Pinfield, David J.; Leggett, Sandy K.; Tamura, Motohide; Lucas, Philip W.; Homeier, Derek; Day-Jones, Avril; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Clarke, J. R. A.; Ishii, Miki; Kuzuhara, Masayuki; Lodieu, Nicolas; Zapatero-Osorio, María Rosa; Venemans, Bram Pieter; Mortlock, Daniel J.; Barrado y Navascués, David; Martín, Eduardo L.; Magazzù, Antonio (2008). "Exploring the substellar temperature regime down to ~550K". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 391 (1): 320–333. arXiv:0806.0067. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391..320B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13885.x. S2CID 1438322.
Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S. (2023-07-01). "The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 951 (2): L48. arXiv:2306.11807. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..48B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace32c. ISSN 0004-637X.
Zahnle, Kevin J.; Marley, Mark S. (2014-12-01). "Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and Ammonia in Brown Dwarfs and Self-Luminous Giant Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 797 (1): 41. arXiv:1408.6283. Bibcode:2014ApJ...797...41Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/797/1/41. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118509317.
Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Goodman, Sam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Kuchner, Marc; Gagné, Jonathan; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Allers, Katelyn; Debes, John; Wisniewski, John (2020-06-01). "WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 895 (2): 145. arXiv:2004.12829. Bibcode:2020ApJ...895..145B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d25. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 216553879.
Burningham, Ben; Smith, Leigh; Cardoso, Cátia V.; Lucas, Philip W.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Smart, Richard L. (May 2014). "The discovery of a T6.5 subdwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 440 (1): 359–364. arXiv:1401.5982. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440..359B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu184. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119283917.
Cruz, Kelle L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burgasser, Adam J. (February 2009). "Young L Dwarfs Identified in the Field: A Preliminary Low-Gravity, Optical Spectral Sequence from L0 to L5". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (2): 3345–3357. arXiv:0812.0364. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.3345C. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/2/3345. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 15376964.
Looper, Dagny L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cutri, Roc M.; Barman, Travis; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Roellig, Thomas; McGovern, Mark R.; McLean, Ian S.; Rice, Emily; Swift, Brandon J. (October 2008). "Discovery of Two Nearby Peculiar L Dwarfs from the 2MASS Proper-Motion Survey: Young or Metal-Rich?". Astrophysical Journal. 686 (1): 528–541. arXiv:0806.1059. Bibcode:2008ApJ...686..528L. doi:10.1086/591025. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 18381182.
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Looper, Dagny L.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Schurr, Steven D.; Cutri, Roc M.; Cushing, Michael C.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Sweet, Anne C.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Barman, Travis S.; Bochanski, John J. (September 2010). "Discoveries from a Near-infrared Proper Motion Survey Using Multi-epoch Two Micron All-Sky Survey Data". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 190 (1): 100–146. arXiv:1008.3591. Bibcode:2010ApJS..190..100K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/100. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118435904.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Riedel, Adric R.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Gagne, Jonathan; Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Lambrides, Erini; Fica, Haley; Weinberger, Alycia; Thorstensen, John R.; Tinney, Chris G.; Baldassare, Vivienne (July 2016). "Population Properties of Brown Dwarf Analogs to Exoplanets". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 225 (1): 10. arXiv:1605.07927. Bibcode:2016ApJS..225...10F. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/225/1/10. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118446190.
Chen, Minghan; Li, Yiting; Brandt, Timothy D.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Cardoso, Cátia V.; McCaughrean, Mark J. (2022). "Precise Dynamical Masses of ε Indi Ba and Bb: Evidence of Slowed Cooling at the L/T Transition". The Astronomical Journal. 163 (6): 288. arXiv:2205.08077. Bibcode:2022AJ....163..288C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac66d2. S2CID 248834536.
Route, Matthew; Wolszczan, Alexander (20 October 2016). "The Second Arecibo Search for 5 GHz Radio Flares from Ultracool Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 830 (2): 85. arXiv:1608.02480. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830...85R. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/85. S2CID 119279978.
Rutledge, Robert E.; Basri, Gibor; Martín, Eduardo L.; Bildsten, Lars (1 August 2000). "Chandra Detection of an X-Ray Flare from the Brown Dwarf LP 944-20". The Astrophysical Journal. 538 (2): L141 – L144. arXiv:astro-ph/0005559. Bibcode:2000ApJ...538L.141R. doi:10.1086/312817. S2CID 17800872.
Berger, Edo; Ball, Steven; Becker, Kate M.; Clarke, Melanie; Frail, Dale A.; Fukuda, Therese A.; Hoffman, Ian M.; Mellon, Richard; Momjian, Emmanuel; Murphy, Nathanial W.; Teng, Stacey H.; Woodruff, Timothy; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Zavala, Robert T. (2001-03-15). "Discovery of radio emission from the brown dwarf LP944-20". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 410 (6826): 338–340. arXiv:astro-ph/0102301. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..338B. doi:10.1038/35066514. PMID 11268202. S2CID 4411256. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Luhman, Kevin L. (April 2013). "Discovery of a Binary Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 767 (1): L1. arXiv:1303.2401. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767L...1L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/767/1/L1. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8419422.
Route, Matthew (10 August 2017). "Radio-flaring Ultracool Dwarf Population Synthesis". The Astrophysical Journal. 845 (1): 66. arXiv:1707.02212. Bibcode:2017ApJ...845...66R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7ede. S2CID 118895524.
Kao, Melodie M.; Hallinan, Gregg; Pineda, J. Sebastian; Stevenson, David; Burgasser, Adam J. (31 July 2018). "The Strongest Magnetic Fields on the Coolest Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 237 (2): 25. arXiv:1808.02485. Bibcode:2018ApJS..237...25K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aac2d5. S2CID 118898602.
Route, Matthew (10 July 2017). "Is WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 Really A Magnetically Active, Pole-on L Dwarf?". The Astrophysical Journal. 843 (2): 115. arXiv:1706.03010. Bibcode:2017ApJ...843..115R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa78ab. S2CID 119056418.
Route, Matthew (20 October 2016). "The Discovery of Solar-like Activity Cycles Beyond the End of the Main Sequence?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 830 (2): L27. arXiv:1609.07761. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830L..27R. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/830/2/L27. S2CID 119111063.
Route, M.; Wolszczan, A. (10 March 2012). "The Arecibo Detection of the Coolest Radio-flaring Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 747 (2): L22. arXiv:1202.1287. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747L..22R. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/747/2/L22. S2CID 119290950.
Route, Matthew (1 May 2024). "ROME. IV. An Arecibo Search for Substellar Magnetospheric Radio Emissions in Purported Exoplanet-hosting Systems at 5 GHz". The Astrophysical Journal. 966 (1): 55. arXiv:2403.02226. Bibcode:2024ApJ...966...55R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad30ff.
Muzic, Koraljka; Schoedel, Rainer; Scholz, Alexander; Geers, Vincent C.; Jayawardhana, Ray; Ascenso, Joana; Cieza, Lucas A. (2017-07-02). "The low-mass content of the massive young star cluster RCW 38". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (3): 3699–3712. arXiv:1707.00277. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.3699M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1906. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 54736762.
Apai, Dániel; Karalidi, T.; Marley, Mark S.; Yang, H.; Flateau, D.; Metchev, S.; Cowan, N. B.; Buenzli, E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Radigan, J.; Artigau, Étienne; Lowrance, P. (2017). "Zones, spots, and planetary-scale waves beating in brown dwarf atmospheres". Science. 357 (6352): 683–687. Bibcode:2017Sci...357..683A. doi:10.1126/science.aam9848. PMID 28818943.
Fontanive, Clémence; Biller, Beth; Bonavita, Mariangela; Allers, Katelyn (2018-09-01). "Constraining the multiplicity statistics of the coolest brown dwarfs: binary fraction continues to decrease with spectral type". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 479 (2): 2702–2727. arXiv:1806.08737. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.479.2702F. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1682. ISSN 0035-8711.
Opitz, Daniela; Tinney, C. G.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Sweet, Sarah; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2016-02-24). "Searching for Binary Y dwarfs with the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS)". The Astrophysical Journal. 819 (1): 17. arXiv:1601.05508. Bibcode:2016ApJ...819...17O. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/17. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 3208550.
Calissendorff, Per; De Furio, Matthew; Meyer, Michael; Albert, Loïc; Aganze, Christian; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez; Baron, Frederique; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly; Fontanive, Clémence; Gelino, Christopher R.; Gizis, John E. (2023-03-29). "JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05–014350.4". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 947 (2): L30. arXiv:2303.16923. Bibcode:2023ApJ...947L..30C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d. S2CID 257833714.
Bouy, Hervé; Duchêne, Gaspard; Köhler, Rainer; Brandner, Wolfgang; Bouvier, Jérôme; Martín, Eduardo L.; Ghez, Andrea Mia; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Allard, France; Baraffe, Isabelle; Basri, Gibor; Close, Laird M.; McCabe, Caer E. (2004-08-01). "First determination of the dynamical mass of a binary L dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 423 (1): 341–352. arXiv:astro-ph/0405111. Bibcode:2004A&A...423..341B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040551. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 3149721.
Luhman, Kevin L. (2004-10-10). "The First Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 614 (1): 398–403. arXiv:astro-ph/0407344. Bibcode:2004ApJ...614..398L. doi:10.1086/423666. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 11733526.
Reipurth, Bo; Clarke, Cathie (June 2003). "Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos: Observational Perspectives". IAUS. 211: 13–22. arXiv:astro-ph/0209005. Bibcode:2003IAUS..211...13R. doi:10.1017/s0074180900210188. ISSN 1743-9221. S2CID 16822178.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Goodman, Sam; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Kuchner, Marc J.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Gagné, Jonathan; Schneider, Adam C.; Gonzales, Eileen C.; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E. (2020). "WISE2150-7520AB: A very low mass, wide co-moving brown dwarf system discovered through the citizen science project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9". The Astrophysical Journal. 889 (2): 176. arXiv:1911.04600. Bibcode:2020ApJ...889..176F. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5303. S2CID 207863267.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. (March 2006). "Discovery of two young brown dwarfs in an eclipsing binary system". Nature. 440 (7082): 311–314. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..311S. doi:10.1038/nature04570. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16541067. S2CID 4310407.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. (2007). "A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown-Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085". The Astrophysical Journal. 664 (2): 1154–1166. arXiv:0704.3106. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664.1154S. doi:10.1086/519231. S2CID 15144741.
Grether, Daniel; Lineweaver, Charles H. (2006-04-01). "How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert? Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (2): 1051–1062. arXiv:astro-ph/0412356. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640.1051G. doi:10.1086/500161. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8563521.
Page, Emma; Pepper, Joshua; Kane, Stephen; Zhou, George; Addison, Brett; Wright, Duncan; Wittenmyer, Robert; Johnson, Marshall; Evans, Philip; Collins, Karen; Hellier, Coel; Jensen, Eric; Stassun, Keivan; Rodriguez, Joseph (2022-06-01). "TOI-1994b: An Eccentric Brown Dwarf Transiting a Subgiant". American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts. 54 (6): 305.21. Bibcode:2022AAS...24030521P.
Farihi, Jay; Christopher, Micol (October 2004). "A Possible Brown Dwarf Companion to the White Dwarf GD 1400". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (4): 1868. arXiv:astro-ph/0407036. Bibcode:2004AJ....128.1868F. doi:10.1086/423919. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 119530628.
Meisner, Aaron M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Caselden, Dan; Gagné, Jonathan; Kuchner, Marc J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Debes, John H.; Artigau, Étienne; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Kiman, Rocio; Allers, Katelyn (2020-08-01). "Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". The Astrophysical Journal. 899 (2): 123. arXiv:2008.06396. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899..123M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aba633. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 221135837.
French, Jenni R.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Debes, John H.; Manjavacas, Elena; Martin, Emily C.; Xu, Siyi (2023-03-01). "Discovery of a resolved white dwarf–brown dwarf binary with a small projected separation: SDSS J222551.65+001637.7AB". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519 (4): 5008–5016. arXiv:2301.02101. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.519.5008F. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3807. ISSN 0035-8711.
Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, P.; Esplin, T. L.; Luhman, K. L.; Morley, Caroline V. (2017-06-01). "The Y-type Brown Dwarfs: Estimates of Mass and Age from New Astrometry, Homogenized Photometry, and Near-infrared Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 118. arXiv:1704.03573. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842..118L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6fb5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119249195.
Casewell, Sarah L.; Braker, Ian P.; Parsons, Steven G.; Hermes, James J.; Burleigh, Matthew R.; Belardi, Claudia; Chaushev, Alexander; Finch, Nicolle L.; Roy, Mervyn; Littlefair, Stuart P.; Goad, Mike; Dennihy, Erik (31 January 2018). "The first sub-70 min non-interacting WD–BD system: EPIC212235321". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476 (1): 1405–1411. arXiv:1801.07773. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.476.1405C. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty245. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 55776991.
Longstaff, Emma S.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Wynn, Graham A.; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Helling, Christiane (2017-10-21). "Emission lines in the atmosphere of the irradiated brown dwarf WD0137−349B". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (2): 1728–1736. arXiv:1707.05793. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.1728L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1786. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 29792989.
Grether, Daniel; Lineweaver, Charles H. (April 2006). "How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert? Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (2): 1051–1062. arXiv:astro-ph/0412356. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640.1051G. doi:10.1086/500161. ISSN 0004-637X.
Rappaport, Saul A.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Nelson, Lorne; Gary, Bruce L.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Kalomeni, Belinda; Howell, Steve B.; Thorstensen, John R.; Lachapelle, François-René; Lundy, Matthew; St-Antoine, Jonathan (2017-10-11). "WD 1202-024: the shortest-period pre-cataclysmic variable". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (1): 948–961. arXiv:1705.05863. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471..948R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1611. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119349942.
Neustroev, Vitaly V.; Mäntynen, Iikka (2023-08-01). "A brown dwarf donor and an optically thin accretion disc with a complex stream impact region in the period-bouncer candidate BW Sculptoris". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 523 (4): 6114–6137. arXiv:2212.03264. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.523.6114N. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1730. ISSN 0035-8711.
Kato, Taichi (2015-12-01). "WZ Sge-type dwarf novae". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 67 (6): 108. arXiv:1507.07659. Bibcode:2015PASJ...67..108K. doi:10.1093/pasj/psv077. ISSN 0004-6264.
Eyres, Stewart P. S.; Evans, Aneurin; Zijlstra, Albert; Avison, Adam; Gehrz, Robert D.; Hajduk, Marcin; Starrfield, Sumner; Mohamed, Shazrene; Woodward, Charles E.; Wagner, R. Mark (2018-12-21). "ALMA reveals the aftermath of a white dwarf–brown dwarf merger in CK Vulpeculae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 481 (4): 4931–4939. arXiv:1809.05849. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.4931E. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2554. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119462149.
Palau, Aina; Huelamo, Nuria; Barrado, David; Dunham, Michael M.; Lee, Chang Won (2024-10-01), "Observations of pre- and proto-brown dwarfs in nearby clouds: paving the way to further constraining theories of brown dwarf formation", New Astronomy Reviews, 99, arXiv:2410.07769, Bibcode:2024NewAR..9901711P, doi:10.1016/j.newar.2024.101711, retrieved 2024-10-25
Riaz, Basmah; Machida, Masahiro N.; Stamatellos, Dimitris (July 2019). "ALMA reveals a pseudo-disc in a proto-brown dwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 486 (3): 4114–4129. arXiv:1904.06418. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.486.4114R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1032. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119286540.
Riaz, Basmah; Briceño, Cesar; Whelan, Emma T.; Heathcote, Stephen (July 2017). "First Large-scale Herbig-Haro Jet Driven by a Proto-brown Dwarf". Astrophysical Journal. 844 (1): 47. arXiv:1705.01170. Bibcode:2017ApJ...844...47R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa70e8. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119080074.
Apai, Dániel; Pascucci, Ilaria; Bouwman, Jeroen; Natta, Antonella; Henning, Thomas; Dullemond, Cornelis P. (2005). "The Onset of Planet Formation in Brown Dwarf Disks". Science. 310 (5749): 834–6. arXiv:astro-ph/0511420. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..834A. doi:10.1126/science.1118042. PMID 16239438. S2CID 5181947.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2011). "Tidal evolution of planets around brown dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 535: A94. arXiv:1109.2906. Bibcode:2011A&A...535A..94B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117734. S2CID 118532416.
Schutte, Maria C.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Silverberg, Steven M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez; Kiman, Rocio; Gagné, Jonathan; Meisner, Aaron; Schneider, Adam C.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Kovacevic, Natalie; Bosch, Milton K.D.; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu (2020-08-04). "Discovery of a Nearby Young Brown Dwarf Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 160 (4): 156. arXiv:2007.15735v2. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..156S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abaccd. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 220920317.
Rilinger, Anneliese M.; Espaillat, Catherine C. (2021-11-01). "Disk Masses and Dust Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks around Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 921 (2): 182. arXiv:2106.05247. Bibcode:2021ApJ...921..182R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac09e5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 235377000.
Luhman, K. L.; Alves de Oliveira, C; Baraffe, I.; Chabrier, G.; Manjavacas, E.; Parker, R. J.; Tremblin, P. (13 Oct 2024). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of Brown Dwarfs in the Orion Nebula Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 975 (2): 162. arXiv:2410.10000. Bibcode:2024ApJ...975..162L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7b19.
Ricci, L.; Testi, L.; Natta, A.; Scholz, A.; de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.; Isella, A. (2014-08-01). "Brown Dwarf Disks with ALMA". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (1): 20. arXiv:1406.0635. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791...20R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/20. hdl:10023/8607. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 13180928.
Boucher, Anne; Lafrenière, David; Gagné, Jonathan; Malo, Lison; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Doyon, René; Chen, Christine H. (2016-11-01). "BANYAN. VIII. New Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs with Candidate Circumstellar Disks". The Astrophysical Journal. 832 (1): 50. arXiv:1608.08259. Bibcode:2016ApJ...832...50B. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/832/1/50. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119017727.
Silverberg, Steven M.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Biggs, Joseph R.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Doll, Katharina; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Enachioaie, Alexandru; Hamilton, Joshua; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu (2020-02-01). "Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 890 (2): 106. arXiv:2001.05030. Bibcode:2020ApJ...890..106S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab68e6. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 210718358.
Luhman, Kevin L.; Adame, Lucía; d'Alessio, Paola; Calvet, Nuria; Hartmann, Lee; Megeath, S. T.; Fazio, G. G. (2005). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L93 – L96. arXiv:astro-ph/0511807. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..93L. doi:10.1086/498868. S2CID 11685964.
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (2022-06-01). "The IAU working definition of an exoplanet". New Astronomy Reviews. 94: 101641. arXiv:2203.09520. Bibcode:2022NewAR..9401641L. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641. ISSN 1387-6473. S2CID 247065421.
Joergens, Viki; Müller, André (2007). "16–20 MJup Radial Velocity Companion Orbiting the Brown Dwarf Candidate Cha Hα 8". The Astrophysical Journal. 666 (2): L113 – L116. arXiv:0707.3744. Bibcode:2007ApJ...666L.113J. doi:10.1086/521825. S2CID 119140521.
Joergens, Viki; Müller, André; Reffert, Sabine (2010). "Improved radial velocity orbit of the young binary brown dwarf candidate Cha Hα 8". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 521 (A24): A24. arXiv:1006.2383. Bibcode:2010A&A...521A..24J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014853. S2CID 54989533.
Bennet, David P.; Bond, Ian A.; Udalski, Andrzej; Sumi, Takahiro; Abe, Fumio; Fukui, Akihiko; Furusawa, Kei; Hearnshaw, John B.; Holderness, Sarah; Itow, Yoshitaka; Kamiya, Koki; Korpela, Aarno V.; Kilmartin, Pamela M.; Lin, Wei; Ling, Cho Hong; Masuda, Kimiaki; Matsubara, Yutaka; Miyake, Noriyuki; Muraki, Yasushi; Nagaya, Maiko; Okumura, Teppei; Ohnishi, Kouji; Perrott, Yvette C.; Rattenbury, Nicholas J.; Sako, Takashi; Saito, Toshiharu; Sato, S.; Skuljan, Ljiljana; Sullivan, Denis J.; Sweatman, Winston L.; Tristram, Paul J.; Yock, Philip C. M.; Kubiak, Marcin; Szymański, Michał K.; Pietrzyński, Grzegorz; Soszyński, Igor; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, Łukasz; Ulaczyk, Krzysztof; Batista, Virginie; Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe; Brillant, Stéphane; Cassan, Arnaud; Fouqué, Pascal; Kervella, Pierre; Kubas, Daniel; Marquette, Jean-Baptiste (30 May 2008). "A Low-Mass Planet with a Possible Sub-Stellar-Mass Host in Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-192". The Astrophysical Journal. 684 (1): 663–683. arXiv:0806.0025. Bibcode:2008ApJ...684..663B. doi:10.1086/589940. S2CID 14467194.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2013). "The Atomic and Molecular Content of Disks Around Very Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 779 (2): 178. arXiv:1311.1228. Bibcode:2013ApJ...779..178P. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/178. S2CID 119001471.
He, Matthias Y.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Gillon, Michaël (January 2017). "First limits on the occurrence rate of short-period planets orbiting brown dwarfs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 464 (3): 2687–2697. arXiv:1609.05053. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.464.2687H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2391. S2CID 53692008.
Limbach, Mary Anne; Vos, Johanna M.; Winn, Joshua N.; Heller, René; Mason, Jeffrey C.; Schneider, Adam C.; Dai, Fei (2021-09-01). "On the Detection of Exomoons Transiting Isolated Planetary-mass Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (2): L25. arXiv:2108.08323. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918L..25L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1e2d. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Biller, Beth A. (2017-06-01). "The Viewing Geometry of Brown Dwarfs Influences Their Observed Colors and Variability Amplitudes". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 78. arXiv:1705.06045. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842...78V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa73cf. ISSN 0004-637X.
Barnes, Rory; Heller, René (2011). "Habitable Planets Around White and Brown Dwarfs: The Perils of a Cooling Primary". Astrobiology. 13 (3): 279–291. arXiv:1211.6467. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13..279B. doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0867. PMC 3612282. PMID 23537137.
Comerón, F.; Neuhäuser, R.; Kaas, A. A. (2000-07-01). "Probing the brown dwarf population of the Chamaeleon I star forming region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 359: 269–288. Bibcode:2000A&A...359..269C. ISSN 0004-6361.
Whelan, Emma T.; Ray, Thomas P.; Bacciotti, Francesca; Natta, Antonella; Testi, Leonardo; Randich, Sofia (June 2005). "A resolved outflow of matter from a brown dwarf". Nature. 435 (7042): 652–654. arXiv:astro-ph/0506485. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..652W. doi:10.1038/nature03598. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15931217. S2CID 4415442.
Basri, Gibor; Martín, Eduardo L. (1999). "[astro-ph/9908015] PPl 15: The First Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Binary". The Astronomical Journal. 118 (5): 2460–2465. arXiv:astro-ph/9908015. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2460B. doi:10.1086/301079. S2CID 17662168.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2004). "A possible third component in the L dwarf binary system DENIS-P J020529.0-115925 discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 511–517. arXiv:astro-ph/0410226. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..511B. doi:10.1086/426559. S2CID 119336794.
Burgasser, Adam J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burrows, Adam; Liebert, James; Reid, I. Neill; Gizis, John E.; McGovern, Mark R.; Prato, Lisa; McLean, Ian S. (2003). "The First Substellar Subdwarf? Discovery of a Metal-Poor L Dwarf with Halo Kinematics". The Astrophysical Journal. 592 (2): 1186–1192. arXiv:astro-ph/0304174. Bibcode:2003ApJ...592.1186B. doi:10.1086/375813. S2CID 11895472.
Wolszczan, Alexander; Route, Matthew (2014). "Timing Analysis of the Periodic Radio and Optical Brightness Variations of the Ultracool Dwarf, TVLM 513-46546". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (1): 23. arXiv:1404.4682. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788...23W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/23. S2CID 119114679.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Napiwotzki, Ralf; Dobbie, Paul D.; Burleigh, Matthew R. (2006). "Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 442 (7102): 543–5. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. doi:10.1038/nature04987. hdl:2299/1227. PMID 16885979. S2CID 4368344. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Mace, Gregory N.; Mann, Andrew W.; Skiff, Brian A.; Sneden, Christopher; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Kidder, Benjamin; Gosnell, Natalie M.; Kim, Hwihyun; Mulligan, Brian W.; Prato, L.; Jaffe, Daniel (2018-02-01). "Wolf 1130: A Nearby Triple System Containing a Cool, Ultramassive White Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 145. arXiv:1802.04803. Bibcode:2018ApJ...854..145M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa8dd. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 56431008.
Rothermich, Austin; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Bardalez-Gagliuffi, Daniella; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Meisner, Aaron M.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Kuchner, Marc; Allers, Katelyn; Gagné, Jonathan; Caselden, Dan; Calamari, Emily; Popinchalk, Mark; Gerasimov, Roman; Aganze, Christian; Softich, Emma; Hsu, Chin-Chun; Karpoor, Preethi; Theissen, Christopher A.; Rees, Jon; Cecilio-Flores-Elie, Rosario; Cushing, Michael C.; Marocco, Federico; Casewell, Sarah; Hamlet, Les; Allen, Michaela B.; Beaulieu, Paul; Colin, Guillaume; Gantier, Jean Marc; Gramaize, Leopold; Jałowiczor, Peter; Kabatnik, Martin; Kiwi, Frank; Martin, David W.; Pendrill, Billy; Pumphrey, Ben; Sainio, Arttu; Schümann, Jörg; Stevnbak, Nikolaj; Sun, Guoyou; Tanner, Christopher; Thakur, Vinod; Thévenot, Melina; Wedracki, Zbigniew (7 Mar 2024). "89 New Ultracool Dwarf Co-Moving Companions Identified With The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". AJ. 167 (6): 253. arXiv:2403.04592. Bibcode:2024AJ....167..253R. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad324e.
Levine, Joanna L.; Steinhauer, Aaron; Elston, Richard J.; Lada, Elizabeth A. (2006-08-01). "Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in NGC 2024: Constraints on the Substellar Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (2): 1215–1229. arXiv:astro-ph/0604315. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646.1215L. doi:10.1086/504964. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118955538. Table 3: FLMN_J0541328-0151271
Zhang, ZengHua; Homeier, Derek; Pinfield, David J.; Lodieu, Nicolas; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Pavlenko, Yakiv V. (2017-06-11). "Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs – II. The most metal-poor substellar object". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 468 (1): 261. arXiv:1702.02001. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.468..261Z. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx350. S2CID 54847595.
Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Stassun, Keivan G.; Prša, Andrej; Mathieu, Robert D. (2009-07-10). "Near-Infrared Light Curves of the Brown Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2Mass J05352184-0546085: Can Spots Explain the Temperature Reversal?". The Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1196–1208. arXiv:0905.0491. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1196G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1196. ISSN 0004-637X.
Burdge, Kevin B.; Marsh, Thomas R.; Fuller, Jim; Bellm, Eric C.; Caiazzo, Ilaria; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Coughlin, Michael W.; De, Kishalay; Dhillon, V. S.; Graham, Matthew J.; Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo; Jaodand, Amruta D.; Kaplan, David L.; Kara, Erin; Kong, Albert K. H. (May 2022). "A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple". Nature. 605 (7908): 41–45. arXiv:2205.02278. Bibcode:2022Natur.605...41B. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04551-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 35508781.
Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam J.; Marley, Mark S.; Apai, Dániel; Suárez, Genaro; Plavchan, Peter (March 2021). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv:2103.01990. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. S2CID 232105126.
Zeidler, Peter; Sabbi, Elena; Nota, Antonella; Manjavacas, Elena; Jones, Olivia C.; Pacifici, Camilla (2024). "Discovering Subsolar Metallicity Brown Dwarf Candidates in the Small Magellanic Cloud". The Astrophysical Journal. 975 (1): 18. Bibcode:2024ApJ...975...18Z. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad779e.
Rose, Kovi; Pritchard, Joshua; Murphy, Tara; Caleb, Manisha; Dobie, Dougal; Driessen, Laura; Duchesne, Stefan; Kaplan, David; Lenc, Emil; Wang, Ziteng (2023). "Periodic Radio Emission from the T8 Dwarf WISE J062309.94−045624.6". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 951 (2): L43. arXiv:2306.15219. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..43R. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace188. S2CID 259262475.

adsabs.harvard.edu

Zuckerman, B.; Becklin, E. E. (February 1992). "Companions to white dwarfs - Very low-mass stars and the brown dwarf candidate GD 165B". The Astrophysical Journal. 386: 260. Bibcode:1992ApJ...386..260Z. doi:10.1086/171012. ISSN 0004-637X.
Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Henry, Todd J.; Liebert, James (April 1993). "The unique spectrum of the brown dwarf candidate GD 165B and comparison to the spectra of other low-luminosity objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 406: 701. Bibcode:1993ApJ...406..701K. doi:10.1086/172480. ISSN 0004-637X.

isites.harvard.edu

Jewitt, David C., Pan-STARRS Science Overview Archived 2015-10-16 at the Wayback Machine

hubblesite.org

"Astronomers Announce First Clear Evidence of a Brown Dwarf". STScI. Retrieved 2019-10-23.
"NASA Space Telescopes See Weather Patterns in Brown Dwarf". Hubblesite. NASA. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2013.

iac.es

"Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, IAC". Iac.es. Retrieved 2013-03-16.

iop.org

iopscience.iop.org

Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Stassun, Keivan G.; Prša, Andrej; Mathieu, Robert D. (2009-07-10). "Near-Infrared Light Curves of the Brown Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2Mass J05352184-0546085: Can Spots Explain the Temperature Reversal?". The Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1196–1208. arXiv:0905.0491. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1196G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1196. ISSN 0004-637X.

nasa.gov

trs.jpl.nasa.gov

Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Reid, I. Neill; Liebert, James; Cutri, Roc M.; Nelson, Brant; Beichmann, Charles A.; Dahn, Conard C.; Monet, David G.; Gizis, John E.; Skrutskie, Michael F. (1999). "Dwarfs Cooler than M: The Definition of Spectral Type L Using Discoveries from the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS)" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 519 (2): 802–833. Bibcode:1999ApJ...519..802K. doi:10.1086/307414. S2CID 73569208.

nasa.gov

Clavin, Whitney; Harrington, J. D. (25 April 2014). "NASA's Spitzer and WISE Telescopes Find Close, Cold Neighbor of Sun". NASA.gov. Archived from the original on 26 April 2014.

astrobiology2.arc.nasa.gov

Morrison, David (2 August 2011). "Scientists today no longer think an object like Nemesis could exist". NASA Ask An Astrobiologist. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012. Retrieved 2011-10-22.

nature.com

Burdge, Kevin B.; Marsh, Thomas R.; Fuller, Jim; Bellm, Eric C.; Caiazzo, Ilaria; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Coughlin, Michael W.; De, Kishalay; Dhillon, V. S.; Graham, Matthew J.; Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo; Jaodand, Amruta D.; Kaplan, David L.; Kara, Erin; Kong, Albert K. H. (May 2022). "A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple". Nature. 605 (7908): 41–45. arXiv:2205.02278. Bibcode:2022Natur.605...41B. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04551-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 35508781.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Berger, Edo; Ball, Steven; Becker, Kate M.; Clarke, Melanie; Frail, Dale A.; Fukuda, Therese A.; Hoffman, Ian M.; Mellon, Richard; Momjian, Emmanuel; Murphy, Nathanial W.; Teng, Stacey H.; Woodruff, Timothy; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Zavala, Robert T. (2001-03-15). "Discovery of radio emission from the brown dwarf LP944-20". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 410 (6826): 338–340. arXiv:astro-ph/0102301. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..338B. doi:10.1038/35066514. PMID 11268202. S2CID 4411256. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Apai, Dániel; Karalidi, T.; Marley, Mark S.; Yang, H.; Flateau, D.; Metchev, S.; Cowan, N. B.; Buenzli, E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Radigan, J.; Artigau, Étienne; Lowrance, P. (2017). "Zones, spots, and planetary-scale waves beating in brown dwarf atmospheres". Science. 357 (6352): 683–687. Bibcode:2017Sci...357..683A. doi:10.1126/science.aam9848. PMID 28818943.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. (March 2006). "Discovery of two young brown dwarfs in an eclipsing binary system". Nature. 440 (7082): 311–314. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..311S. doi:10.1038/nature04570. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16541067. S2CID 4310407.
Apai, Dániel; Pascucci, Ilaria; Bouwman, Jeroen; Natta, Antonella; Henning, Thomas; Dullemond, Cornelis P. (2005). "The Onset of Planet Formation in Brown Dwarf Disks". Science. 310 (5749): 834–6. arXiv:astro-ph/0511420. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..834A. doi:10.1126/science.1118042. PMID 16239438. S2CID 5181947.
Barnes, Rory; Heller, René (2011). "Habitable Planets Around White and Brown Dwarfs: The Perils of a Cooling Primary". Astrobiology. 13 (3): 279–291. arXiv:1211.6467. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13..279B. doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0867. PMC 3612282. PMID 23537137.
Whelan, Emma T.; Ray, Thomas P.; Bacciotti, Francesca; Natta, Antonella; Testi, Leonardo; Randich, Sofia (June 2005). "A resolved outflow of matter from a brown dwarf". Nature. 435 (7042): 652–654. arXiv:astro-ph/0506485. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..652W. doi:10.1038/nature03598. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15931217. S2CID 4415442.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Napiwotzki, Ralf; Dobbie, Paul D.; Burleigh, Matthew R. (2006). "Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 442 (7102): 543–5. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. doi:10.1038/nature04987. hdl:2299/1227. PMID 16885979. S2CID 4368344. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Burdge, Kevin B.; Marsh, Thomas R.; Fuller, Jim; Bellm, Eric C.; Caiazzo, Ilaria; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Coughlin, Michael W.; De, Kishalay; Dhillon, V. S.; Graham, Matthew J.; Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo; Jaodand, Amruta D.; Kaplan, David L.; Kara, Erin; Kong, Albert K. H. (May 2022). "A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple". Nature. 605 (7908): 41–45. arXiv:2205.02278. Bibcode:2022Natur.605...41B. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04551-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 35508781.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Barnes, Rory; Heller, René (2011). "Habitable Planets Around White and Brown Dwarfs: The Perils of a Cooling Primary". Astrobiology. 13 (3): 279–291. arXiv:1211.6467. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13..279B. doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0867. PMC 3612282. PMID 23537137.

nmsu.edu

astronomy.nmsu.edu

"The Jovian Planets: Uranus, and Neptune". Archived from the original on 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2013-03-15.

noao.edu

Riaz, Basmah; Najita, Joan. "Punching Above Its Weight, a Brown Dwarf Launches a Parsec-Scale Jet". National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Archived from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2020-02-18.

noirlab.edu

Meisner, Aaron; Kocz, Amanda. "Mapping Our Sun's Backyard". NOIRLab. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
info@noirlab.edu. "Are the Coolest Brown Dwarfs Loners?". www.noirlab.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-16.

nrao.edu

public.nrao.edu

Finley, Dave. "Brown Dwarfs, Stars Share Formation Process, New Study Indicates". The National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 11 February 2025.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Bedin, Luigi R.; Pourbaix, Dimitri; Apai, Dániel; Burgasser, Adam J.; Buenzli, Esther; Boffin, Henri M. J.; Libralato, Mattia (2017-09-01). "Hubble Space Telescope astrometry of the closest brown dwarf binary system – I. Overview and improved orbit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (1): 1140–1155. arXiv:1706.00657. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1177. hdl:10150/625503. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119385778.
Longstaff, Emma S.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Wynn, Graham A.; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Helling, Christiane (2017-10-21). "Emission lines in the atmosphere of the irradiated brown dwarf WD0137−349B". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (2): 1728–1736. arXiv:1707.05793. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.1728L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1786. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 29792989.
Rappaport, Saul A.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Nelson, Lorne; Gary, Bruce L.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Kalomeni, Belinda; Howell, Steve B.; Thorstensen, John R.; Lachapelle, François-René; Lundy, Matthew; St-Antoine, Jonathan (2017-10-11). "WD 1202-024: the shortest-period pre-cataclysmic variable". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (1): 948–961. arXiv:1705.05863. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471..948R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1611. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119349942.
Eyres, Stewart P. S.; Evans, Aneurin; Zijlstra, Albert; Avison, Adam; Gehrz, Robert D.; Hajduk, Marcin; Starrfield, Sumner; Mohamed, Shazrene; Woodward, Charles E.; Wagner, R. Mark (2018-12-21). "ALMA reveals the aftermath of a white dwarf–brown dwarf merger in CK Vulpeculae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 481 (4): 4931–4939. arXiv:1809.05849. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.4931E. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2554. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119462149.

phys.org

Phys.org. "Record-breaking radio waves discovered from ultra-cool star" (Press release).

seeker.com

O'Neill, Ian (13 September 2011). "Violent Storms Rage on Nearby Brown Dwarf". Seeker.com.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The Theory of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Nakano, Takenori (2014), "Pre-main Sequence Evolution and the Hydrogen-Burning Minimum Mass", in Joergens, Viki (ed.), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol. 401, Springer, pp. 5–17, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_2, ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, S2CID 73521636
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Reid, I. Neill; Liebert, James; Cutri, Roc M.; Nelson, Brant; Beichmann, Charles A.; Dahn, Conard C.; Monet, David G.; Gizis, John E.; Skrutskie, Michael F. (1999). "Dwarfs Cooler than M: The Definition of Spectral Type L Using Discoveries from the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS)" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 519 (2): 802–833. Bibcode:1999ApJ...519..802K. doi:10.1086/307414. S2CID 73569208.
Rebolo, Rafael; Zapatero-Osorio, María Rosa; Martín, Eduardo L. (September 1995). "Discovery of a brown dwarf in the Pleiades star cluster". Nature. 377 (6545): 129–131. Bibcode:1995Natur.377..129R. doi:10.1038/377129a0. S2CID 28029538.
R. Rebolo; E. L. Martín; G. Basri; G. W. Marcy; M. R. Zapatero-Osorio (1996). "Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades Cluster Confirmed by the Lithium Test". The Astrophysical Journal. 469: 53–56. arXiv:astro-ph/9607002. Bibcode:1996ApJ...469L..53R. doi:10.1086/310263. S2CID 119485127.
McCaughrean, Mark J.; Close, Laird M.; Scholz, Ralf-Dieter; Lenzen, Rainer; Biller, Beth A.; Brandner, Wolfgang; Hartung, Markus; Lodieu, Nicolas (January 2004). "Epsilon Indi Ba/Bb: the nearest binary brown dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 413 (3): 1029–1036. arXiv:astro-ph/0309256. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034292. S2CID 15407249.
Forbes, John C.; Loeb, Abraham (February 2019), "On the Existence of Brown Dwarfs More Massive than the Hydrogen Burning Limit", The Astrophysical Journal, 871 (2): 11, arXiv:1805.12143, Bibcode:2019ApJ...871..227F, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aafac8, S2CID 119059288, 227
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, W. B.; Lunine, J. I.; Liebert, James (July 2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572. Hence the HBMM at solar metallicity and Y_α = 50.25 is 0.07 – 0.074 M_☉, ... while the HBMM at zero metallicity is 0.092 M_☉
Biller, Beth A.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Mancini, Luigi; Ciceri, Simona; Southworth, John; Kopytova, Taisiya G.; Bonnefoy, Mickaël; Deacon, Niall R.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Buenzli, Esther; Brandner, Wolfgang; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek; Freytag, Bernd; Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Greiner, Jochen; Henning, Thomas; Goldman, Bertrand (6 November 2013). "Weather on the Nearest Brown Dwarfs: Resolved Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Variability Monitoring of WISE J104915.57–531906.1AB". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 778 (1): L10. arXiv:1310.5144. Bibcode:2013ApJ...778L..10B. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/778/1/l10. S2CID 56107487.
Morley, Caroline V.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Marley, Mark S.; Visscher, Channon; Saumon, Didier; Leggett, S. K. (2012-09-01). "Neglected Clouds in T and Y Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 756 (2): 172. arXiv:1206.4313. Bibcode:2012ApJ...756..172M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/172. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118398946.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Tinney, C. G.; Skemer, Andrew; Monson, Andrew J. (2014-09-01). "Indications of Water Clouds in the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 793 (1): L16. arXiv:1408.4671. Bibcode:2014ApJ...793L..16F. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L16. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119246100.
Basri, Gibor; Brown, Michael E. (2006-08-20). "Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 34 (2006): 193–216. arXiv:astro-ph/0608417. Bibcode:2006AREPS..34..193B. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058. S2CID 119338327.
Chen, Jingjing; Kipping, David (2016). "Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (1): 17. arXiv:1603.08614. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834...17C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/17. S2CID 119114880.
Bodenheimer, Peter; D'Angelo, Gennaro; Lissauer, Jack J.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Saumon, Didier (2013). "Deuterium Burning in Massive Giant Planets and Low-mass Brown Dwarfs Formed by Core-nucleated Accretion". The Astrophysical Journal. 770 (2): 120 (13 pp.). arXiv:1305.0980. Bibcode:2013ApJ...770..120B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/120. S2CID 118553341.
Spiegel, David S.; Burrows, Adam; Milson, John A. (2011). "The Deuterium-Burning Mass Limit for Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 727 (1): 57. arXiv:1008.5150. Bibcode:2011ApJ...727...57S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57. S2CID 118513110.
Schneider, Jean; Dedieu, Cyril; Le Sidaner, Pierre; Savalle, Renaud; Zolotukhin, Ivan (2011). "Defining and cataloging exoplanets: The exoplanet.eu database". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 532 (79): A79. arXiv:1106.0586. Bibcode:2011A&A...532A..79S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116713. S2CID 55994657.
Schneider, Jean (July 2016). "Exoplanets versus brown dwarfs: the CoRoT view and the future". The CoRoT Legacy Book. p. 157. arXiv:1604.00917. doi:10.1051/978-2-7598-1876-1.c038. ISBN 978-2-7598-1876-1. S2CID 118434022.
Hatzes, Artie P.; Rauer, Heike (2015). "A Definition for Giant Planets Based on the Mass-Density Relationship". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): L25. arXiv:1506.05097. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810L..25H. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/810/2/L25. S2CID 119111221.
Wright, Jason T.; Fakhouri, Onsi; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Han, Eunkyu; Feng, Y. Katherina; Johnson, John Asher; Howard, Andrew W.; Fischer, Debra A.; Valenti, Jeff A.; Anderson, Jay; Piskunov, Nikolai (2010). "The Exoplanet Orbit Database". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 123 (902): 412–422. arXiv:1012.5676. Bibcode:2011PASP..123..412W. doi:10.1086/659427. S2CID 51769219.
Delorme, Philippe; Gagné, Jonathan; Malo, Lison; Reylé, Céline; Artigau, Étienne; Albert, Loïc; Forveille, Thierry; Delfosse, Xavier; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek (December 2012). "CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4–7 Jupiter-mass free-floating planet in the young moving group AB Doradus?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548: A26. arXiv:1210.0305. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..26D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219984. S2CID 50935950.
Luhman, Kevin L. (21 April 2014). "Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 786 (2): L18. arXiv:1404.6501. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18. S2CID 119102654.
Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S. (December 2008). "The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams". Astrophysical Journal. 689 (2): 1327–1344. arXiv:0808.2611. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689.1327S. doi:10.1086/592734. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 15981010.
Marocco, Federico; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Wright, Edward L. (2020). "Improved infrared photometry and a preliminary parallax measurement for the extremely cold brown dwarf CWISEP J144606.62-231717.8". The Astrophysical Journal. 888 (2): L19. arXiv:1912.07692. Bibcode:2020ApJ...888L..19M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab6201. S2CID 209386563.
Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (September 2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 89611607.
Mohanty, Subhanjoy; Jayawardhana, Ray; Huélamo, Nuria; Mamajek, Eric (March 2007). "The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS 1207-3932B: Temperature, Mass, and Evidence for an Edge-on Disk". Astrophysical Journal. 657 (2): 1064–1091. arXiv:astro-ph/0610550. Bibcode:2007ApJ...657.1064M. doi:10.1086/510877. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 17326111.
Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Hermes, James J.; Magnier, Eugene A.; Marley, Mark S.; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Tucker, Michael A.; Do, Aaron; Payne, Anna V.; Shappee, Benjamin J. (February 2020). "COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS). I. A High-Gravity T4 Benchmark around an Old White Dwarf and A Re-Examination of the Surface-Gravity Dependence of the L/T Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 891 (2): 171. arXiv:2002.05723. Bibcode:2020ApJ...891..171Z. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab765c. S2CID 211126544.
Smart, Richard L.; Bucciarelli, Beatrice; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Marocco, Federico; Andrei, Alexandre Humberto; Goldman, Bertrand; Méndez, René A.; d'Avila, Victor de A.; Burningham, Ben; Camargo, Julio Ignácio Bueno de; Crosta, Maria Teresa; Daprà, Mario; Jenkins, James S.; Lachaume, Regis; Lattanzi, Mario G.; Penna, Jucira L.; Pinfield, David J.; da Silva Neto, Dario Nepomuceno; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Vecchiato, Alberto (December 2018). "Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects III: 118 L and T dwarfs". MNRAS. 481 (3): 3548–3562. arXiv:1811.00672. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.3548S. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2520. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119390019.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2001). "The theory of brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets". Reviews of Modern Physics. 73 (3): 719–765. arXiv:astro-ph/0103383. Bibcode:2001RvMP...73..719B. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.73.719. S2CID 204927572.
Leggett, Sandy K.; Cushing, Michael C.; Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S.; Roellig, Thomas L.; Warren, Stephen J.; Burningham, Ben; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Lodieu, Nicolas; Lucas, Philip W.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Martín, Eduardo L.; McCaughrean, Mark J.; Pinfield, David J.; Sloan, Gregory C.; Smart, Richard L.; Tamura, Motohide; Van Cleve, Jeffrey (2009). "The Physical Properties of Four ~600 K T Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 695 (2): 1517–1526. arXiv:0901.4093. Bibcode:2009ApJ...695.1517L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1517. S2CID 44050900..
Delorme, Philippe; Delfosse, Xavier; Albert, Loïc; Artigau, Étienne; Forveille, Thierry; Reylé, Céline; Allard, France; Homeier, Derek; Robin, Annie C.; Willott, Chris J.; Liu, Michael C.; Dupuy, Trent J. (2008). "CFBDS J005910.90-011401.3: Reaching the T–Y brown dwarf transition?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 482 (3): 961–971. arXiv:0802.4387. Bibcode:2008A&A...482..961D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079317. S2CID 847552.
Burningham, Ben; Pinfield, David J.; Leggett, Sandy K.; Tamura, Motohide; Lucas, Philip W.; Homeier, Derek; Day-Jones, Avril; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Clarke, J. R. A.; Ishii, Miki; Kuzuhara, Masayuki; Lodieu, Nicolas; Zapatero-Osorio, María Rosa; Venemans, Bram Pieter; Mortlock, Daniel J.; Barrado y Navascués, David; Martín, Eduardo L.; Magazzù, Antonio (2008). "Exploring the substellar temperature regime down to ~550K". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 391 (1): 320–333. arXiv:0806.0067. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.391..320B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13885.x. S2CID 1438322.
Zahnle, Kevin J.; Marley, Mark S. (2014-12-01). "Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and Ammonia in Brown Dwarfs and Self-Luminous Giant Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 797 (1): 41. arXiv:1408.6283. Bibcode:2014ApJ...797...41Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/797/1/41. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118509317.
Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Goodman, Sam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Kuchner, Marc; Gagné, Jonathan; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Allers, Katelyn; Debes, John; Wisniewski, John (2020-06-01). "WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 895 (2): 145. arXiv:2004.12829. Bibcode:2020ApJ...895..145B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d25. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 216553879.
Burningham, Ben; Smith, Leigh; Cardoso, Cátia V.; Lucas, Philip W.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Smart, Richard L. (May 2014). "The discovery of a T6.5 subdwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 440 (1): 359–364. arXiv:1401.5982. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440..359B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu184. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119283917.
Cruz, Kelle L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burgasser, Adam J. (February 2009). "Young L Dwarfs Identified in the Field: A Preliminary Low-Gravity, Optical Spectral Sequence from L0 to L5". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (2): 3345–3357. arXiv:0812.0364. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.3345C. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/2/3345. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 15376964.
Looper, Dagny L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cutri, Roc M.; Barman, Travis; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Roellig, Thomas; McGovern, Mark R.; McLean, Ian S.; Rice, Emily; Swift, Brandon J. (October 2008). "Discovery of Two Nearby Peculiar L Dwarfs from the 2MASS Proper-Motion Survey: Young or Metal-Rich?". Astrophysical Journal. 686 (1): 528–541. arXiv:0806.1059. Bibcode:2008ApJ...686..528L. doi:10.1086/591025. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 18381182.
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Looper, Dagny L.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Schurr, Steven D.; Cutri, Roc M.; Cushing, Michael C.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Sweet, Anne C.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Barman, Travis S.; Bochanski, John J. (September 2010). "Discoveries from a Near-infrared Proper Motion Survey Using Multi-epoch Two Micron All-Sky Survey Data". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 190 (1): 100–146. arXiv:1008.3591. Bibcode:2010ApJS..190..100K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/100. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118435904.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Riedel, Adric R.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Gagne, Jonathan; Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Lambrides, Erini; Fica, Haley; Weinberger, Alycia; Thorstensen, John R.; Tinney, Chris G.; Baldassare, Vivienne (July 2016). "Population Properties of Brown Dwarf Analogs to Exoplanets". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 225 (1): 10. arXiv:1605.07927. Bibcode:2016ApJS..225...10F. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/225/1/10. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118446190.
Chen, Minghan; Li, Yiting; Brandt, Timothy D.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Cardoso, Cátia V.; McCaughrean, Mark J. (2022). "Precise Dynamical Masses of ε Indi Ba and Bb: Evidence of Slowed Cooling at the L/T Transition". The Astronomical Journal. 163 (6): 288. arXiv:2205.08077. Bibcode:2022AJ....163..288C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac66d2. S2CID 248834536.
Route, Matthew; Wolszczan, Alexander (20 October 2016). "The Second Arecibo Search for 5 GHz Radio Flares from Ultracool Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 830 (2): 85. arXiv:1608.02480. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830...85R. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/85. S2CID 119279978.
Rutledge, Robert E.; Basri, Gibor; Martín, Eduardo L.; Bildsten, Lars (1 August 2000). "Chandra Detection of an X-Ray Flare from the Brown Dwarf LP 944-20". The Astrophysical Journal. 538 (2): L141 – L144. arXiv:astro-ph/0005559. Bibcode:2000ApJ...538L.141R. doi:10.1086/312817. S2CID 17800872.
Berger, Edo; Ball, Steven; Becker, Kate M.; Clarke, Melanie; Frail, Dale A.; Fukuda, Therese A.; Hoffman, Ian M.; Mellon, Richard; Momjian, Emmanuel; Murphy, Nathanial W.; Teng, Stacey H.; Woodruff, Timothy; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Zavala, Robert T. (2001-03-15). "Discovery of radio emission from the brown dwarf LP944-20". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 410 (6826): 338–340. arXiv:astro-ph/0102301. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..338B. doi:10.1038/35066514. PMID 11268202. S2CID 4411256. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Luhman, Kevin L. (April 2013). "Discovery of a Binary Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 767 (1): L1. arXiv:1303.2401. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767L...1L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/767/1/L1. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8419422.
Route, Matthew (10 August 2017). "Radio-flaring Ultracool Dwarf Population Synthesis". The Astrophysical Journal. 845 (1): 66. arXiv:1707.02212. Bibcode:2017ApJ...845...66R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7ede. S2CID 118895524.
Kao, Melodie M.; Hallinan, Gregg; Pineda, J. Sebastian; Stevenson, David; Burgasser, Adam J. (31 July 2018). "The Strongest Magnetic Fields on the Coolest Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 237 (2): 25. arXiv:1808.02485. Bibcode:2018ApJS..237...25K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aac2d5. S2CID 118898602.
Route, Matthew (10 July 2017). "Is WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 Really A Magnetically Active, Pole-on L Dwarf?". The Astrophysical Journal. 843 (2): 115. arXiv:1706.03010. Bibcode:2017ApJ...843..115R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa78ab. S2CID 119056418.
Route, Matthew (20 October 2016). "The Discovery of Solar-like Activity Cycles Beyond the End of the Main Sequence?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 830 (2): L27. arXiv:1609.07761. Bibcode:2016ApJ...830L..27R. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/830/2/L27. S2CID 119111063.
Route, M.; Wolszczan, A. (10 March 2012). "The Arecibo Detection of the Coolest Radio-flaring Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 747 (2): L22. arXiv:1202.1287. Bibcode:2012ApJ...747L..22R. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/747/2/L22. S2CID 119290950.
Muzic, Koraljka; Schoedel, Rainer; Scholz, Alexander; Geers, Vincent C.; Jayawardhana, Ray; Ascenso, Joana; Cieza, Lucas A. (2017-07-02). "The low-mass content of the massive young star cluster RCW 38". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (3): 3699–3712. arXiv:1707.00277. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.3699M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1906. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 54736762.
Opitz, Daniela; Tinney, C. G.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Sweet, Sarah; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2016-02-24). "Searching for Binary Y dwarfs with the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS)". The Astrophysical Journal. 819 (1): 17. arXiv:1601.05508. Bibcode:2016ApJ...819...17O. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/17. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 3208550.
Calissendorff, Per; De Furio, Matthew; Meyer, Michael; Albert, Loïc; Aganze, Christian; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez; Baron, Frederique; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly; Fontanive, Clémence; Gelino, Christopher R.; Gizis, John E. (2023-03-29). "JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05–014350.4". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 947 (2): L30. arXiv:2303.16923. Bibcode:2023ApJ...947L..30C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d. S2CID 257833714.
Bouy, Hervé; Duchêne, Gaspard; Köhler, Rainer; Brandner, Wolfgang; Bouvier, Jérôme; Martín, Eduardo L.; Ghez, Andrea Mia; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Allard, France; Baraffe, Isabelle; Basri, Gibor; Close, Laird M.; McCabe, Caer E. (2004-08-01). "First determination of the dynamical mass of a binary L dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 423 (1): 341–352. arXiv:astro-ph/0405111. Bibcode:2004A&A...423..341B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040551. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 3149721.
Bedin, Luigi R.; Pourbaix, Dimitri; Apai, Dániel; Burgasser, Adam J.; Buenzli, Esther; Boffin, Henri M. J.; Libralato, Mattia (2017-09-01). "Hubble Space Telescope astrometry of the closest brown dwarf binary system – I. Overview and improved orbit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (1): 1140–1155. arXiv:1706.00657. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1177. hdl:10150/625503. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119385778.
Luhman, Kevin L. (2004-10-10). "The First Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 614 (1): 398–403. arXiv:astro-ph/0407344. Bibcode:2004ApJ...614..398L. doi:10.1086/423666. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 11733526.
Reipurth, Bo; Clarke, Cathie (June 2003). "Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos: Observational Perspectives". IAUS. 211: 13–22. arXiv:astro-ph/0209005. Bibcode:2003IAUS..211...13R. doi:10.1017/s0074180900210188. ISSN 1743-9221. S2CID 16822178.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Goodman, Sam; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Kuchner, Marc J.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Gagné, Jonathan; Schneider, Adam C.; Gonzales, Eileen C.; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E. (2020). "WISE2150-7520AB: A very low mass, wide co-moving brown dwarf system discovered through the citizen science project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9". The Astrophysical Journal. 889 (2): 176. arXiv:1911.04600. Bibcode:2020ApJ...889..176F. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5303. S2CID 207863267.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. (March 2006). "Discovery of two young brown dwarfs in an eclipsing binary system". Nature. 440 (7082): 311–314. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..311S. doi:10.1038/nature04570. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16541067. S2CID 4310407.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. (2007). "A Surprising Reversal of Temperatures in the Brown-Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2MASS J05352184-0546085". The Astrophysical Journal. 664 (2): 1154–1166. arXiv:0704.3106. Bibcode:2007ApJ...664.1154S. doi:10.1086/519231. S2CID 15144741.
Grether, Daniel; Lineweaver, Charles H. (2006-04-01). "How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert? Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (2): 1051–1062. arXiv:astro-ph/0412356. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640.1051G. doi:10.1086/500161. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8563521.
Farihi, Jay; Christopher, Micol (October 2004). "A Possible Brown Dwarf Companion to the White Dwarf GD 1400". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (4): 1868. arXiv:astro-ph/0407036. Bibcode:2004AJ....128.1868F. doi:10.1086/423919. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 119530628.
Meisner, Aaron M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Caselden, Dan; Gagné, Jonathan; Kuchner, Marc J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Debes, John H.; Artigau, Étienne; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Kiman, Rocio; Allers, Katelyn (2020-08-01). "Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". The Astrophysical Journal. 899 (2): 123. arXiv:2008.06396. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899..123M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aba633. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 221135837.
Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, P.; Esplin, T. L.; Luhman, K. L.; Morley, Caroline V. (2017-06-01). "The Y-type Brown Dwarfs: Estimates of Mass and Age from New Astrometry, Homogenized Photometry, and Near-infrared Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 118. arXiv:1704.03573. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842..118L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6fb5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119249195.
Casewell, Sarah L.; Braker, Ian P.; Parsons, Steven G.; Hermes, James J.; Burleigh, Matthew R.; Belardi, Claudia; Chaushev, Alexander; Finch, Nicolle L.; Roy, Mervyn; Littlefair, Stuart P.; Goad, Mike; Dennihy, Erik (31 January 2018). "The first sub-70 min non-interacting WD–BD system: EPIC212235321". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476 (1): 1405–1411. arXiv:1801.07773. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.476.1405C. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty245. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 55776991.
Longstaff, Emma S.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Wynn, Graham A.; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Helling, Christiane (2017-10-21). "Emission lines in the atmosphere of the irradiated brown dwarf WD0137−349B". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (2): 1728–1736. arXiv:1707.05793. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.1728L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1786. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 29792989.
Rappaport, Saul A.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Nelson, Lorne; Gary, Bruce L.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Kalomeni, Belinda; Howell, Steve B.; Thorstensen, John R.; Lachapelle, François-René; Lundy, Matthew; St-Antoine, Jonathan (2017-10-11). "WD 1202-024: the shortest-period pre-cataclysmic variable". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (1): 948–961. arXiv:1705.05863. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471..948R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1611. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119349942.
Eyres, Stewart P. S.; Evans, Aneurin; Zijlstra, Albert; Avison, Adam; Gehrz, Robert D.; Hajduk, Marcin; Starrfield, Sumner; Mohamed, Shazrene; Woodward, Charles E.; Wagner, R. Mark (2018-12-21). "ALMA reveals the aftermath of a white dwarf–brown dwarf merger in CK Vulpeculae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 481 (4): 4931–4939. arXiv:1809.05849. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.4931E. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2554. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119462149.
Riaz, Basmah; Machida, Masahiro N.; Stamatellos, Dimitris (July 2019). "ALMA reveals a pseudo-disc in a proto-brown dwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 486 (3): 4114–4129. arXiv:1904.06418. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.486.4114R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1032. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119286540.
Riaz, Basmah; Briceño, Cesar; Whelan, Emma T.; Heathcote, Stephen (July 2017). "First Large-scale Herbig-Haro Jet Driven by a Proto-brown Dwarf". Astrophysical Journal. 844 (1): 47. arXiv:1705.01170. Bibcode:2017ApJ...844...47R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa70e8. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119080074.
Apai, Dániel; Pascucci, Ilaria; Bouwman, Jeroen; Natta, Antonella; Henning, Thomas; Dullemond, Cornelis P. (2005). "The Onset of Planet Formation in Brown Dwarf Disks". Science. 310 (5749): 834–6. arXiv:astro-ph/0511420. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..834A. doi:10.1126/science.1118042. PMID 16239438. S2CID 5181947.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2011). "Tidal evolution of planets around brown dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 535: A94. arXiv:1109.2906. Bibcode:2011A&A...535A..94B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117734. S2CID 118532416.
Schutte, Maria C.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Silverberg, Steven M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez; Kiman, Rocio; Gagné, Jonathan; Meisner, Aaron; Schneider, Adam C.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Kovacevic, Natalie; Bosch, Milton K.D.; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu (2020-08-04). "Discovery of a Nearby Young Brown Dwarf Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 160 (4): 156. arXiv:2007.15735v2. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..156S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abaccd. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 220920317.
Rilinger, Anneliese M.; Espaillat, Catherine C. (2021-11-01). "Disk Masses and Dust Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks around Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 921 (2): 182. arXiv:2106.05247. Bibcode:2021ApJ...921..182R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac09e5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 235377000.
Ricci, L.; Testi, L.; Natta, A.; Scholz, A.; de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.; Isella, A. (2014-08-01). "Brown Dwarf Disks with ALMA". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (1): 20. arXiv:1406.0635. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791...20R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/20. hdl:10023/8607. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 13180928.
Boucher, Anne; Lafrenière, David; Gagné, Jonathan; Malo, Lison; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Doyon, René; Chen, Christine H. (2016-11-01). "BANYAN. VIII. New Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs with Candidate Circumstellar Disks". The Astrophysical Journal. 832 (1): 50. arXiv:1608.08259. Bibcode:2016ApJ...832...50B. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/832/1/50. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119017727.
Silverberg, Steven M.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Biggs, Joseph R.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Doll, Katharina; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Enachioaie, Alexandru; Hamilton, Joshua; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu (2020-02-01). "Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 890 (2): 106. arXiv:2001.05030. Bibcode:2020ApJ...890..106S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab68e6. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 210718358.
Luhman, Kevin L.; Adame, Lucía; d'Alessio, Paola; Calvet, Nuria; Hartmann, Lee; Megeath, S. T.; Fazio, G. G. (2005). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 635 (1): L93 – L96. arXiv:astro-ph/0511807. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..93L. doi:10.1086/498868. S2CID 11685964.
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (2022-06-01). "The IAU working definition of an exoplanet". New Astronomy Reviews. 94: 101641. arXiv:2203.09520. Bibcode:2022NewAR..9401641L. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641. ISSN 1387-6473. S2CID 247065421.
Joergens, Viki; Müller, André (2007). "16–20 MJup Radial Velocity Companion Orbiting the Brown Dwarf Candidate Cha Hα 8". The Astrophysical Journal. 666 (2): L113 – L116. arXiv:0707.3744. Bibcode:2007ApJ...666L.113J. doi:10.1086/521825. S2CID 119140521.
Joergens, Viki; Müller, André; Reffert, Sabine (2010). "Improved radial velocity orbit of the young binary brown dwarf candidate Cha Hα 8". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 521 (A24): A24. arXiv:1006.2383. Bibcode:2010A&A...521A..24J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014853. S2CID 54989533.
Bennet, David P.; Bond, Ian A.; Udalski, Andrzej; Sumi, Takahiro; Abe, Fumio; Fukui, Akihiko; Furusawa, Kei; Hearnshaw, John B.; Holderness, Sarah; Itow, Yoshitaka; Kamiya, Koki; Korpela, Aarno V.; Kilmartin, Pamela M.; Lin, Wei; Ling, Cho Hong; Masuda, Kimiaki; Matsubara, Yutaka; Miyake, Noriyuki; Muraki, Yasushi; Nagaya, Maiko; Okumura, Teppei; Ohnishi, Kouji; Perrott, Yvette C.; Rattenbury, Nicholas J.; Sako, Takashi; Saito, Toshiharu; Sato, S.; Skuljan, Ljiljana; Sullivan, Denis J.; Sweatman, Winston L.; Tristram, Paul J.; Yock, Philip C. M.; Kubiak, Marcin; Szymański, Michał K.; Pietrzyński, Grzegorz; Soszyński, Igor; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, Łukasz; Ulaczyk, Krzysztof; Batista, Virginie; Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe; Brillant, Stéphane; Cassan, Arnaud; Fouqué, Pascal; Kervella, Pierre; Kubas, Daniel; Marquette, Jean-Baptiste (30 May 2008). "A Low-Mass Planet with a Possible Sub-Stellar-Mass Host in Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-192". The Astrophysical Journal. 684 (1): 663–683. arXiv:0806.0025. Bibcode:2008ApJ...684..663B. doi:10.1086/589940. S2CID 14467194.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2013). "The Atomic and Molecular Content of Disks Around Very Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 779 (2): 178. arXiv:1311.1228. Bibcode:2013ApJ...779..178P. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/178. S2CID 119001471.
He, Matthias Y.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Gillon, Michaël (January 2017). "First limits on the occurrence rate of short-period planets orbiting brown dwarfs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 464 (3): 2687–2697. arXiv:1609.05053. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.464.2687H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2391. S2CID 53692008.
Whelan, Emma T.; Ray, Thomas P.; Bacciotti, Francesca; Natta, Antonella; Testi, Leonardo; Randich, Sofia (June 2005). "A resolved outflow of matter from a brown dwarf". Nature. 435 (7042): 652–654. arXiv:astro-ph/0506485. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..652W. doi:10.1038/nature03598. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15931217. S2CID 4415442.
Basri, Gibor; Martín, Eduardo L. (1999). "[astro-ph/9908015] PPl 15: The First Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Binary". The Astronomical Journal. 118 (5): 2460–2465. arXiv:astro-ph/9908015. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2460B. doi:10.1086/301079. S2CID 17662168.
Burrows, Adam; Hubbard, William B.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Liebert, James (2004). "A possible third component in the L dwarf binary system DENIS-P J020529.0-115925 discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (1): 511–517. arXiv:astro-ph/0410226. Bibcode:2005AJ....129..511B. doi:10.1086/426559. S2CID 119336794.
Burgasser, Adam J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burrows, Adam; Liebert, James; Reid, I. Neill; Gizis, John E.; McGovern, Mark R.; Prato, Lisa; McLean, Ian S. (2003). "The First Substellar Subdwarf? Discovery of a Metal-Poor L Dwarf with Halo Kinematics". The Astrophysical Journal. 592 (2): 1186–1192. arXiv:astro-ph/0304174. Bibcode:2003ApJ...592.1186B. doi:10.1086/375813. S2CID 11895472.
Wolszczan, Alexander; Route, Matthew (2014). "Timing Analysis of the Periodic Radio and Optical Brightness Variations of the Ultracool Dwarf, TVLM 513-46546". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (1): 23. arXiv:1404.4682. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788...23W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/23. S2CID 119114679.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Napiwotzki, Ralf; Dobbie, Paul D.; Burleigh, Matthew R. (2006). "Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 442 (7102): 543–5. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. doi:10.1038/nature04987. hdl:2299/1227. PMID 16885979. S2CID 4368344. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Mace, Gregory N.; Mann, Andrew W.; Skiff, Brian A.; Sneden, Christopher; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Kidder, Benjamin; Gosnell, Natalie M.; Kim, Hwihyun; Mulligan, Brian W.; Prato, L.; Jaffe, Daniel (2018-02-01). "Wolf 1130: A Nearby Triple System Containing a Cool, Ultramassive White Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 145. arXiv:1802.04803. Bibcode:2018ApJ...854..145M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa8dd. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 56431008.
Levine, Joanna L.; Steinhauer, Aaron; Elston, Richard J.; Lada, Elizabeth A. (2006-08-01). "Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in NGC 2024: Constraints on the Substellar Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (2): 1215–1229. arXiv:astro-ph/0604315. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646.1215L. doi:10.1086/504964. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118955538. Table 3: FLMN_J0541328-0151271
Zhang, ZengHua; Homeier, Derek; Pinfield, David J.; Lodieu, Nicolas; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Pavlenko, Yakiv V. (2017-06-11). "Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs – II. The most metal-poor substellar object". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 468 (1): 261. arXiv:1702.02001. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.468..261Z. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx350. S2CID 54847595.
Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam J.; Marley, Mark S.; Apai, Dániel; Suárez, Genaro; Plavchan, Peter (March 2021). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv:2103.01990. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. S2CID 232105126.
Rose, Kovi; Pritchard, Joshua; Murphy, Tara; Caleb, Manisha; Dobie, Dougal; Driessen, Laura; Duchesne, Stefan; Kaplan, David; Lenc, Emil; Wang, Ziteng (2023). "Periodic Radio Emission from the T8 Dwarf WISE J062309.94−045624.6". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 951 (2): L43. arXiv:2306.15219. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..43R. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace188. S2CID 259262475.

space.com

O'Neill, Ian (12 June 2012). "Brown Dwarfs, Runts of Stellar Litter, Rarer than Thought". Space.com. Retrieved 2012-12-28.
Gohd, Chelsea (19 August 2020). "Volunteers spot almost 100 cold brown dwarfs near our sun". Space.com.
Alien weather report: James Webb Space Telescope detects hot, sandy wind on 2 brown dwarfs; Space.com

springer.com

Tarter, Jill (2014), "Brown is Not a Color: Introduction of the Term 'Brown Dwarf'", in Joergens, Viki (ed.), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol. 401, Springer, pp. 19–24, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_3, ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2
Nakano, Takenori (2014), "Pre-main Sequence Evolution and the Hydrogen-Burning Minimum Mass", in Joergens, Viki (ed.), 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol. 401, Springer, pp. 5–17, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_2, ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2, S2CID 73521636
Rebolo, Rafael (2014). "Teide 1 and the Discovery of Brown Dwarfs". In Joergens, Viki (ed.). 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs – From Prediction to Discovery to Forefront of Research. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 401. Springer. pp. 25–50. Bibcode:2014ASSL..401...25R. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2_4. ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2.

link.springer.com

Springer, Cham (2014). Joergens, Viki (ed.). 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 401. SpringerLink. XI, 168. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2. eISSN 2214-7985. ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2. ISSN 0067-0057. Retrieved March 31, 2022.

stsci.edu

Reid, Neill. "Colour-magnitude data". www.stsci.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-06.

u-strasbg.fr

simbad.u-strasbg.fr

"Spectral type codes". simbad.u-strasbg.fr. Retrieved 2020-03-06.

universetoday.com

Wethington, Nicholos (October 6, 2008). "Dense Exoplanet Creates Classification Calamity". Universe Today. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
Cain, Fraser (January 6, 2009). "If Brown Isn't a Color, What Color are Brown Dwarfs?". Retrieved 24 September 2013.

web.archive.org

Boss, Alan; McDowell, Tina (April 3, 2001). "Are They Planets or What?". Untitled Document. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Archived from the original on September 28, 2006. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
Burgasser, Adam J. (June 2008). "Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super Jupiters" (PDF). Physics Today. 61 (6). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 70–71. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2022 – via American Institute of Physics.
"The Jovian Planets: Uranus, and Neptune". Archived from the original on 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2013-03-15.
"Cool Cosmos – Planets and Moons". Archived from the original on 2019-02-21. Retrieved 2019-02-11.
"Working Group on Extrasolar Planets: Definition of a "Planet"". IAU position statement. 2003-02-28. Archived from the original on 2014-12-16. Retrieved 2014-04-28.
Working Group on Extrasolar Planets – Definition of a "Planet" Archived 2012-07-02 at the Wayback Machine Position statement on the definition of a "planet" (IAU)
"An Artist's View of Brown Dwarf Types" Archived 2011-11-17 at the Wayback Machine
"NASA Space Telescopes See Weather Patterns in Brown Dwarf". Hubblesite. NASA. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
Berger, Edo; Ball, Steven; Becker, Kate M.; Clarke, Melanie; Frail, Dale A.; Fukuda, Therese A.; Hoffman, Ian M.; Mellon, Richard; Momjian, Emmanuel; Murphy, Nathanial W.; Teng, Stacey H.; Woodruff, Timothy; Zauderer, B. Ashley; Zavala, Robert T. (2001-03-15). "Discovery of radio emission from the brown dwarf LP944-20". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 410 (6826): 338–340. arXiv:astro-ph/0102301. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..338B. doi:10.1038/35066514. PMID 11268202. S2CID 4411256. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.
Clavin, Whitney; Harrington, J. D. (25 April 2014). "NASA's Spitzer and WISE Telescopes Find Close, Cold Neighbor of Sun". NASA.gov. Archived from the original on 26 April 2014.
"X-rays from a Brown Dwarf's Corona". April 14, 2003. Archived from the original on December 30, 2010. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
Lira, Nicolás; Blue, Charles E.; Turner, Calum; Hiramatsu, Masaaki. "When Is a Nova Not a 'Nova'? When a White Dwarf and a Brown Dwarf Collide". ALMA Observatory. Archived from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
Riaz, Basmah; Najita, Joan. "Punching Above Its Weight, a Brown Dwarf Launches a Parsec-Scale Jet". National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Archived from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
Jewitt, David C., Pan-STARRS Science Overview Archived 2015-10-16 at the Wayback Machine
Ricci, Luca; Testi, Leonardo; Pierce-Price, Douglas; Stoke, John. "Even Brown Dwarfs May Grow Rocky Planets" (Press release). European Southern Observatory. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
Scholz, Ralf-Dieter; McCaughrean, Mark (2003-01-13). "eso0303 – Discovery of Nearest Known Brown Dwarf" (Press release). European Southern Observatory. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Napiwotzki, Ralf; Dobbie, Paul D.; Burleigh, Matthew R. (2006). "Survival of a brown dwarf after engulfment by a red giant star". Nature (Submitted manuscript). 442 (7102): 543–5. arXiv:astro-ph/0608054. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..543M. doi:10.1038/nature04987. hdl:2299/1227. PMID 16885979. S2CID 4368344. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27.

williams.edu

"X-rays from a Brown Dwarf's Corona". April 14, 2003. Archived from the original on December 30, 2010. Retrieved March 19, 2010.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Springer, Cham (2014). Joergens, Viki (ed.). 50 Years of Brown Dwarfs. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Vol. 401. SpringerLink. XI, 168. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2. eISSN 2214-7985. ISBN 978-3-319-01162-2. ISSN 0067-0057. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
Burgasser, Adam J. (2008-06-01). "Brown dwarfs: Failed stars, super jupiters". Physics Today. 61 (6): 70–71. Bibcode:2008PhT....61f..70B. doi:10.1063/1.2947658. ISSN 0031-9228.
Zuckerman, B.; Becklin, E. E. (February 1992). "Companions to white dwarfs - Very low-mass stars and the brown dwarf candidate GD 165B". The Astrophysical Journal. 386: 260. Bibcode:1992ApJ...386..260Z. doi:10.1086/171012. ISSN 0004-637X.
Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Henry, Todd J.; Liebert, James (April 1993). "The unique spectrum of the brown dwarf candidate GD 165B and comparison to the spectra of other low-luminosity objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 406: 701. Bibcode:1993ApJ...406..701K. doi:10.1086/172480. ISSN 0004-637X.
Burgasser, Adam J.; Marley, Mark S.; Ackerman, Andrew S.; Saumon, Didier; Lodders, Katharina; Dahn, Conard C.; Harris, Hugh C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2002-06-01). "Evidence of Cloud Disruption in the L/T Dwarf Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 571 (2): L151 – L154. arXiv:astro-ph/0205051. Bibcode:2002ApJ...571L.151B. doi:10.1086/341343. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagné, Jonathan; Marley, Mark; Metchev, Stanimir; Gizis, John; Rice, Emily L.; Cruz, Kelle (2022-01-01). "Let the Great World Spin: Revealing the Stormy, Turbulent Nature of Young Giant Exoplanet Analogs with the Spitzer Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 924 (2): 68. arXiv:2201.04711. Bibcode:2022ApJ...924...68V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4502. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Burningham, Ben; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Alejandro, Sherelyn; Gonzales, Eileen; Calamari, Emily; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella; Visscher, Channon; Tan, Xianyu; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark; Gemma, Marina E.; Whiteford, Niall; Gaarn, Josefine; Park, Grace (2023-02-01). "Patchy Forsterite Clouds in the Atmospheres of Two Highly Variable Exoplanet Analogs". The Astrophysical Journal. 944 (2): 138. arXiv:2212.07399. Bibcode:2023ApJ...944..138V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acab58. ISSN 0004-637X.
Manjavacas, Elena; Karalidi, Theodora; Vos, Johanna M.; Biller, Beth A.; Lew, Ben W. P. (2021-11-01). "Revealing the Vertical Cloud Structure of a Young Low-mass Brown Dwarf, an Analog to the β-Pictoris b Directly Imaged Exoplanet, through Keck I/MOSFIRE Spectrophotometric Variability". The Astronomical Journal. 162 (5): 179. arXiv:2107.12368. Bibcode:2021AJ....162..179M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac174c. ISSN 0004-6256.
Tremblin, P.; Chabrier, G.; Baraffe, I.; Liu, Michael. C.; Magnier, E. A.; Lagage, P. -O.; Alves de Oliveira, C.; Burgasser, A. J.; Amundsen, D. S.; Drummond, B. (2017-11-01). "Cloudless Atmospheres for Young Low-gravity Substellar Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 850 (1): 46. arXiv:1710.02640. Bibcode:2017ApJ...850...46T. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9214. ISSN 0004-637X.
Suárez, Genaro; Metchev, Stanimir (2022-07-01). "Ultracool dwarfs observed with the Spitzer infrared spectrograph - II. Emergence and sedimentation of silicate clouds in L dwarfs, and analysis of the full M5-T9 field dwarf spectroscopic sample". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 513 (4): 5701–5726. arXiv:2205.00168. Bibcode:2022MNRAS.513.5701S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1205. ISSN 0035-8711.
Miles, Brittany E.; Biller, Beth A.; Patapis, Polychronis; Worthen, Kadin; Rickman, Emily; Hoch, Kielan K. W.; Skemer, Andrew; Perrin, Marshall D.; Whiteford, Niall; Chen, Christine H.; Sargent, B.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Morley, Caroline V.; Moran, Sarah E.; Bonnefoy, Mickael (2023-03-01). "The JWST Early-release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems II: A 1 to 20 μm Spectrum of the Planetary-mass Companion VHS 1256-1257 b". The Astrophysical Journal. 946 (1): L6. arXiv:2209.00620. Bibcode:2023ApJ...946L...6M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acb04a. ISSN 0004-637X.
Morley, Caroline V.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Marley, Mark S.; Visscher, Channon; Saumon, Didier; Leggett, S. K. (2012-09-01). "Neglected Clouds in T and Y Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 756 (2): 172. arXiv:1206.4313. Bibcode:2012ApJ...756..172M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/172. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118398946.
Manjavacas, Elena; Karalidi, Theodora; Tan, Xianyu; Vos, Johanna M.; Lew, Ben W. P.; Biller, Beth A.; Oliveros-Gómez, Natalia (2022-08-01). "Top-of-the-atmosphere and Vertical Cloud Structure of a Fast-rotating Late T Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (2): 65. arXiv:2206.07566. Bibcode:2022AJ....164...65M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac7953. ISSN 0004-6256.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Tinney, C. G.; Skemer, Andrew; Monson, Andrew J. (2014-09-01). "Indications of Water Clouds in the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 793 (1): L16. arXiv:1408.4671. Bibcode:2014ApJ...793L..16F. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/793/1/L16. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119246100.
Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S. (December 2008). "The Evolution of L and T Dwarfs in Color-Magnitude Diagrams". Astrophysical Journal. 689 (2): 1327–1344. arXiv:0808.2611. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689.1327S. doi:10.1086/592734. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 15981010.
Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (September 2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 89611607.
Mohanty, Subhanjoy; Jayawardhana, Ray; Huélamo, Nuria; Mamajek, Eric (March 2007). "The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS 1207-3932B: Temperature, Mass, and Evidence for an Edge-on Disk". Astrophysical Journal. 657 (2): 1064–1091. arXiv:astro-ph/0610550. Bibcode:2007ApJ...657.1064M. doi:10.1086/510877. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 17326111.
Smart, Richard L.; Bucciarelli, Beatrice; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Marocco, Federico; Andrei, Alexandre Humberto; Goldman, Bertrand; Méndez, René A.; d'Avila, Victor de A.; Burningham, Ben; Camargo, Julio Ignácio Bueno de; Crosta, Maria Teresa; Daprà, Mario; Jenkins, James S.; Lachaume, Regis; Lattanzi, Mario G.; Penna, Jucira L.; Pinfield, David J.; da Silva Neto, Dario Nepomuceno; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Vecchiato, Alberto (December 2018). "Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects III: 118 L and T dwarfs". MNRAS. 481 (3): 3548–3562. arXiv:1811.00672. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.3548S. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2520. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119390019.
Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S. (2023-07-01). "The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 951 (2): L48. arXiv:2306.11807. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..48B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace32c. ISSN 0004-637X.
Zahnle, Kevin J.; Marley, Mark S. (2014-12-01). "Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and Ammonia in Brown Dwarfs and Self-Luminous Giant Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 797 (1): 41. arXiv:1408.6283. Bibcode:2014ApJ...797...41Z. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/797/1/41. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118509317.
Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Goodman, Sam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Kuchner, Marc; Gagné, Jonathan; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Allers, Katelyn; Debes, John; Wisniewski, John (2020-06-01). "WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 895 (2): 145. arXiv:2004.12829. Bibcode:2020ApJ...895..145B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d25. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 216553879.
Burningham, Ben; Smith, Leigh; Cardoso, Cátia V.; Lucas, Philip W.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Smart, Richard L. (May 2014). "The discovery of a T6.5 subdwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 440 (1): 359–364. arXiv:1401.5982. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.440..359B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu184. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119283917.
Cruz, Kelle L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Burgasser, Adam J. (February 2009). "Young L Dwarfs Identified in the Field: A Preliminary Low-Gravity, Optical Spectral Sequence from L0 to L5". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (2): 3345–3357. arXiv:0812.0364. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.3345C. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/2/3345. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 15376964.
Looper, Dagny L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cutri, Roc M.; Barman, Travis; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Roellig, Thomas; McGovern, Mark R.; McLean, Ian S.; Rice, Emily; Swift, Brandon J. (October 2008). "Discovery of Two Nearby Peculiar L Dwarfs from the 2MASS Proper-Motion Survey: Young or Metal-Rich?". Astrophysical Journal. 686 (1): 528–541. arXiv:0806.1059. Bibcode:2008ApJ...686..528L. doi:10.1086/591025. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 18381182.
Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Looper, Dagny L.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Schurr, Steven D.; Cutri, Roc M.; Cushing, Michael C.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Sweet, Anne C.; Knapp, Gillian R.; Barman, Travis S.; Bochanski, John J. (September 2010). "Discoveries from a Near-infrared Proper Motion Survey Using Multi-epoch Two Micron All-Sky Survey Data". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 190 (1): 100–146. arXiv:1008.3591. Bibcode:2010ApJS..190..100K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/100. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118435904.
Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Riedel, Adric R.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Gagne, Jonathan; Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Lambrides, Erini; Fica, Haley; Weinberger, Alycia; Thorstensen, John R.; Tinney, Chris G.; Baldassare, Vivienne (July 2016). "Population Properties of Brown Dwarf Analogs to Exoplanets". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 225 (1): 10. arXiv:1605.07927. Bibcode:2016ApJS..225...10F. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/225/1/10. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 118446190.
Luhman, Kevin L. (April 2013). "Discovery of a Binary Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 767 (1): L1. arXiv:1303.2401. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767L...1L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/767/1/L1. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8419422.
Muzic, Koraljka; Schoedel, Rainer; Scholz, Alexander; Geers, Vincent C.; Jayawardhana, Ray; Ascenso, Joana; Cieza, Lucas A. (2017-07-02). "The low-mass content of the massive young star cluster RCW 38". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (3): 3699–3712. arXiv:1707.00277. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.3699M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1906. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 54736762.
Fontanive, Clémence; Biller, Beth; Bonavita, Mariangela; Allers, Katelyn (2018-09-01). "Constraining the multiplicity statistics of the coolest brown dwarfs: binary fraction continues to decrease with spectral type". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 479 (2): 2702–2727. arXiv:1806.08737. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.479.2702F. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1682. ISSN 0035-8711.
Opitz, Daniela; Tinney, C. G.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Sweet, Sarah; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2016-02-24). "Searching for Binary Y dwarfs with the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS)". The Astrophysical Journal. 819 (1): 17. arXiv:1601.05508. Bibcode:2016ApJ...819...17O. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/17. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 3208550.
Bouy, Hervé; Duchêne, Gaspard; Köhler, Rainer; Brandner, Wolfgang; Bouvier, Jérôme; Martín, Eduardo L.; Ghez, Andrea Mia; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Allard, France; Baraffe, Isabelle; Basri, Gibor; Close, Laird M.; McCabe, Caer E. (2004-08-01). "First determination of the dynamical mass of a binary L dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 423 (1): 341–352. arXiv:astro-ph/0405111. Bibcode:2004A&A...423..341B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040551. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 3149721.
Bedin, Luigi R.; Pourbaix, Dimitri; Apai, Dániel; Burgasser, Adam J.; Buenzli, Esther; Boffin, Henri M. J.; Libralato, Mattia (2017-09-01). "Hubble Space Telescope astrometry of the closest brown dwarf binary system – I. Overview and improved orbit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (1): 1140–1155. arXiv:1706.00657. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1177. hdl:10150/625503. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119385778.
Luhman, Kevin L. (2004-10-10). "The First Discovery of a Wide Binary Brown Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 614 (1): 398–403. arXiv:astro-ph/0407344. Bibcode:2004ApJ...614..398L. doi:10.1086/423666. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 11733526.
Reipurth, Bo; Clarke, Cathie (June 2003). "Brown Dwarfs as Ejected Stellar Embryos: Observational Perspectives". IAUS. 211: 13–22. arXiv:astro-ph/0209005. Bibcode:2003IAUS..211...13R. doi:10.1017/s0074180900210188. ISSN 1743-9221. S2CID 16822178.
Stassun, Keivan G.; Mathieu, Robert D.; Valenti, Jeff A. (March 2006). "Discovery of two young brown dwarfs in an eclipsing binary system". Nature. 440 (7082): 311–314. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..311S. doi:10.1038/nature04570. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 16541067. S2CID 4310407.
Grether, Daniel; Lineweaver, Charles H. (2006-04-01). "How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert? Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (2): 1051–1062. arXiv:astro-ph/0412356. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640.1051G. doi:10.1086/500161. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8563521.
Farihi, Jay; Christopher, Micol (October 2004). "A Possible Brown Dwarf Companion to the White Dwarf GD 1400". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (4): 1868. arXiv:astro-ph/0407036. Bibcode:2004AJ....128.1868F. doi:10.1086/423919. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 119530628.
Meisner, Aaron M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Caselden, Dan; Gagné, Jonathan; Kuchner, Marc J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Debes, John H.; Artigau, Étienne; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Kiman, Rocio; Allers, Katelyn (2020-08-01). "Spitzer Follow-up of Extremely Cold Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". The Astrophysical Journal. 899 (2): 123. arXiv:2008.06396. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899..123M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aba633. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 221135837.
French, Jenni R.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Debes, John H.; Manjavacas, Elena; Martin, Emily C.; Xu, Siyi (2023-03-01). "Discovery of a resolved white dwarf–brown dwarf binary with a small projected separation: SDSS J222551.65+001637.7AB". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 519 (4): 5008–5016. arXiv:2301.02101. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.519.5008F. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3807. ISSN 0035-8711.
Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, P.; Esplin, T. L.; Luhman, K. L.; Morley, Caroline V. (2017-06-01). "The Y-type Brown Dwarfs: Estimates of Mass and Age from New Astrometry, Homogenized Photometry, and Near-infrared Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 118. arXiv:1704.03573. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842..118L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6fb5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119249195.
Casewell, Sarah L.; Braker, Ian P.; Parsons, Steven G.; Hermes, James J.; Burleigh, Matthew R.; Belardi, Claudia; Chaushev, Alexander; Finch, Nicolle L.; Roy, Mervyn; Littlefair, Stuart P.; Goad, Mike; Dennihy, Erik (31 January 2018). "The first sub-70 min non-interacting WD–BD system: EPIC212235321". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 476 (1): 1405–1411. arXiv:1801.07773. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.476.1405C. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty245. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 55776991.
Longstaff, Emma S.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Wynn, Graham A.; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Helling, Christiane (2017-10-21). "Emission lines in the atmosphere of the irradiated brown dwarf WD0137−349B". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (2): 1728–1736. arXiv:1707.05793. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.1728L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1786. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 29792989.
Grether, Daniel; Lineweaver, Charles H. (April 2006). "How Dry is the Brown Dwarf Desert? Quantifying the Relative Number of Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Stellar Companions around Nearby Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (2): 1051–1062. arXiv:astro-ph/0412356. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640.1051G. doi:10.1086/500161. ISSN 0004-637X.
Rappaport, Saul A.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Nelson, Lorne; Gary, Bruce L.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Kalomeni, Belinda; Howell, Steve B.; Thorstensen, John R.; Lachapelle, François-René; Lundy, Matthew; St-Antoine, Jonathan (2017-10-11). "WD 1202-024: the shortest-period pre-cataclysmic variable". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (1): 948–961. arXiv:1705.05863. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471..948R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1611. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119349942.
Neustroev, Vitaly V.; Mäntynen, Iikka (2023-08-01). "A brown dwarf donor and an optically thin accretion disc with a complex stream impact region in the period-bouncer candidate BW Sculptoris". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 523 (4): 6114–6137. arXiv:2212.03264. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.523.6114N. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1730. ISSN 0035-8711.
Kato, Taichi (2015-12-01). "WZ Sge-type dwarf novae". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 67 (6): 108. arXiv:1507.07659. Bibcode:2015PASJ...67..108K. doi:10.1093/pasj/psv077. ISSN 0004-6264.
Eyres, Stewart P. S.; Evans, Aneurin; Zijlstra, Albert; Avison, Adam; Gehrz, Robert D.; Hajduk, Marcin; Starrfield, Sumner; Mohamed, Shazrene; Woodward, Charles E.; Wagner, R. Mark (2018-12-21). "ALMA reveals the aftermath of a white dwarf–brown dwarf merger in CK Vulpeculae". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 481 (4): 4931–4939. arXiv:1809.05849. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.481.4931E. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2554. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119462149.
Riaz, Basmah; Machida, Masahiro N.; Stamatellos, Dimitris (July 2019). "ALMA reveals a pseudo-disc in a proto-brown dwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 486 (3): 4114–4129. arXiv:1904.06418. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.486.4114R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1032. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119286540.
Riaz, Basmah; Briceño, Cesar; Whelan, Emma T.; Heathcote, Stephen (July 2017). "First Large-scale Herbig-Haro Jet Driven by a Proto-brown Dwarf". Astrophysical Journal. 844 (1): 47. arXiv:1705.01170. Bibcode:2017ApJ...844...47R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa70e8. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119080074.
Schutte, Maria C.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Silverberg, Steven M.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez; Kiman, Rocio; Gagné, Jonathan; Meisner, Aaron; Schneider, Adam C.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Kovacevic, Natalie; Bosch, Milton K.D.; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu (2020-08-04). "Discovery of a Nearby Young Brown Dwarf Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 160 (4): 156. arXiv:2007.15735v2. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..156S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abaccd. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 220920317.
Rilinger, Anneliese M.; Espaillat, Catherine C. (2021-11-01). "Disk Masses and Dust Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks around Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 921 (2): 182. arXiv:2106.05247. Bibcode:2021ApJ...921..182R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac09e5. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 235377000.
Ricci, L.; Testi, L.; Natta, A.; Scholz, A.; de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.; Isella, A. (2014-08-01). "Brown Dwarf Disks with ALMA". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (1): 20. arXiv:1406.0635. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791...20R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/20. hdl:10023/8607. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 13180928.
Boucher, Anne; Lafrenière, David; Gagné, Jonathan; Malo, Lison; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Doyon, René; Chen, Christine H. (2016-11-01). "BANYAN. VIII. New Low-mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs with Candidate Circumstellar Disks". The Astrophysical Journal. 832 (1): 50. arXiv:1608.08259. Bibcode:2016ApJ...832...50B. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/832/1/50. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 119017727.
Silverberg, Steven M.; Wisniewski, John P.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Lawson, Kellen D.; Bans, Alissa S.; Debes, John H.; Biggs, Joseph R.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Doll, Katharina; Luca, Hugo A. Durantini; Enachioaie, Alexandru; Hamilton, Joshua; Holden, Jonathan; Hyogo, Michiharu (2020-02-01). "Peter Pan Disks: Long-lived Accretion Disks Around Young M Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 890 (2): 106. arXiv:2001.05030. Bibcode:2020ApJ...890..106S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab68e6. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 210718358.
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (2022-06-01). "The IAU working definition of an exoplanet". New Astronomy Reviews. 94: 101641. arXiv:2203.09520. Bibcode:2022NewAR..9401641L. doi:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641. ISSN 1387-6473. S2CID 247065421.
Limbach, Mary Anne; Vos, Johanna M.; Winn, Joshua N.; Heller, René; Mason, Jeffrey C.; Schneider, Adam C.; Dai, Fei (2021-09-01). "On the Detection of Exomoons Transiting Isolated Planetary-mass Objects". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (2): L25. arXiv:2108.08323. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918L..25L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1e2d. ISSN 0004-637X.
Vos, Johanna M.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Biller, Beth A. (2017-06-01). "The Viewing Geometry of Brown Dwarfs Influences Their Observed Colors and Variability Amplitudes". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 78. arXiv:1705.06045. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842...78V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa73cf. ISSN 0004-637X.
Comerón, F.; Neuhäuser, R.; Kaas, A. A. (2000-07-01). "Probing the brown dwarf population of the Chamaeleon I star forming region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 359: 269–288. Bibcode:2000A&A...359..269C. ISSN 0004-6361.
Whelan, Emma T.; Ray, Thomas P.; Bacciotti, Francesca; Natta, Antonella; Testi, Leonardo; Randich, Sofia (June 2005). "A resolved outflow of matter from a brown dwarf". Nature. 435 (7042): 652–654. arXiv:astro-ph/0506485. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..652W. doi:10.1038/nature03598. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15931217. S2CID 4415442.
Mace, Gregory N.; Mann, Andrew W.; Skiff, Brian A.; Sneden, Christopher; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Kidder, Benjamin; Gosnell, Natalie M.; Kim, Hwihyun; Mulligan, Brian W.; Prato, L.; Jaffe, Daniel (2018-02-01). "Wolf 1130: A Nearby Triple System Containing a Cool, Ultramassive White Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 145. arXiv:1802.04803. Bibcode:2018ApJ...854..145M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa8dd. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 56431008.
Levine, Joanna L.; Steinhauer, Aaron; Elston, Richard J.; Lada, Elizabeth A. (2006-08-01). "Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in NGC 2024: Constraints on the Substellar Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (2): 1215–1229. arXiv:astro-ph/0604315. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646.1215L. doi:10.1086/504964. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118955538. Table 3: FLMN_J0541328-0151271
Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Stassun, Keivan G.; Prša, Andrej; Mathieu, Robert D. (2009-07-10). "Near-Infrared Light Curves of the Brown Dwarf Eclipsing Binary 2Mass J05352184-0546085: Can Spots Explain the Temperature Reversal?". The Astrophysical Journal. 699 (2): 1196–1208. arXiv:0905.0491. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699.1196G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1196. ISSN 0004-637X.
Burdge, Kevin B.; Marsh, Thomas R.; Fuller, Jim; Bellm, Eric C.; Caiazzo, Ilaria; Chakrabarty, Deepto; Coughlin, Michael W.; De, Kishalay; Dhillon, V. S.; Graham, Matthew J.; Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo; Jaodand, Amruta D.; Kaplan, David L.; Kara, Erin; Kong, Albert K. H. (May 2022). "A 62-minute orbital period black widow binary in a wide hierarchical triple". Nature. 605 (7908): 41–45. arXiv:2205.02278. Bibcode:2022Natur.605...41B. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04551-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 35508781.

zenodo.org

Sanghi, Aniket; Liu, Michael C.; Best, William M. J.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Siverd, Robert J.; Zhang, Zhoujian; Hurt, Spencer A.; Magnier, Eugene A.; Aller, Kimberly M.; Deacon, Niall R. (2023). "Table of Ultracool Fundamental Properties". Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.10086810.