Bull shark (English Wikipedia)

Frantz, Vickie (18 July 2011). "Bull Sharks Attacks Commonly in Warm, Shallow Waters". accuweather. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

archive.org

Allen, Thomas B. (1999). The Shark Almanac. New York: The Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1-55821-582-5.

archive.today

Habegger, M. L.; Motta, P. J.; Huber, D. R.; Dean, M. N. (2012). "Feeding biomechanics and theoretical calculations of bite force in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) during ontogeny". Zoology. 115 (6): 354–364. Bibcode:2012Zool..115..354H. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2012.04.007. PMID 23040789.; for a popular summary, see Walker, Matt (12 October 2012). "Bull sharks have strongest bite of all shark species". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2012.

australian.museum

McGrouther, Mark (12 May 2010). "Bull Shark, Carcharhinus leucas Valenciennes, 1839". Australian Museum. Retrieved 19 August 2010.

bbc.co.uk

Habegger, M. L.; Motta, P. J.; Huber, D. R.; Dean, M. N. (2012). "Feeding biomechanics and theoretical calculations of bite force in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) during ontogeny". Zoology. 115 (6): 354–364. Bibcode:2012Zool..115..354H. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2012.04.007. PMID 23040789.; for a popular summary, see Walker, Matt (12 October 2012). "Bull sharks have strongest bite of all shark species". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
"Queensland rebuilding 'huge task'". BBC News. 12 January 2011.

books.google.com

Berger, Wolf H. (6 May 2009). Ocean: Reflections on a Century of Exploration. University of California Press. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-520-94254-7.

calstate.edu

psrc.mlml.calstate.edu

Pacific Shark Research Center » Featured Elasmobranch – Bull Shark Archived 4 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Psrc.mlml.calstate.edu (16 February 2009). Retrieved on 30 November 2013.

cmfri.org.in

eprints.cmfri.org.in

Purushottama, G.B.; Thakurdas, S.; Ramkumar, C.; Tandel, S. (2013). "First record of Bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839) in commercial landings from New Ferry Wharf, Mumbai, Maharashtra" (PDF). Marine Fisheries Information Service. 218: 12–15.

cnn.com

Bantock, Jack (18 October 2023). "Six bull sharks inadvertently made their home on an Australian golf course. Then they vanished". CNN. Retrieved 27 October 2024.

couriermail.com.au

Boswell, Thomas (1 May 2013). "Sharks at Carbrook Golf Club caught on film, confirming they survived Brisbane floods". Albert & Logan News. Retrieved 8 November 2017.

dailyexaminer.com.au

Bull sharks seen in flooded streets | Offbeat | Weird News, Odd and Freaky Stories in Northern Rivers | Clarence Valley Daily Examiner. Dailyexaminer.com.au (14 January 2011). Retrieved on 4 May 2012.

doi.org

Rigby, C.L.; Espinoza, M.; Derrick, D.; Pacoureau, N.; Dicken, M. (2021). "Carcharhinus leucas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39372A2910670. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39372A2910670.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
McAuley, R. B.; Simpfendorfer, C. A.; Hyndes, G. A. & Lenanton, R. C. J. (2007). "Distribution and reproductive biology of the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo), in Western Australian waters". Marine and Freshwater Research. 58 (1): 116–126. doi:10.1071/MF05234. The proportion of mature males with running spermatozoa increased from 7.1% in October to 79 and 80% in January and March, respectively, suggesting that mating activity peaks during late summer and early autumn.
McCord, Me; Lamberth, Sj (April 2009). "Catching and tracking the world's largest Zambezi (bull) shark Carcharhinus leucas in the Breede Estuary, South Africa: the first 43 hours". African Journal of Marine Science. 31 (1): 107–111. Bibcode:2009AfJMS..31..107M. doi:10.2989/AJMS.2009.31.1.11.782. S2CID 62786925.
Habegger, M. L.; Motta, P. J.; Huber, D. R.; Dean, M. N. (2012). "Feeding biomechanics and theoretical calculations of bite force in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) during ontogeny". Zoology. 115 (6): 354–364. Bibcode:2012Zool..115..354H. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2012.04.007. PMID 23040789.; for a popular summary, see Walker, Matt (12 October 2012). "Bull sharks have strongest bite of all shark species". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
Heupel, Michelle R.; Colin A. Simpfendorfer (2008). "Movement and distribution of young bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas in a variable estuarine environment" (PDF). Aquatic Biology. 1: 277–289. doi:10.3354/ab00030.
Tillett B., Meekan; M., Field; I., Thornburn; D., Ovenden, J. (2012). "Evidence for reproductive philopatry in the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas". Journal of Fish Biology. 80 (6): 2140–2158. Bibcode:2012JFBio..80.2140T. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03228.x. PMID 22551174.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Pillans, R.D.; Franklin, C.E. (2004). "Plasma osmolyte concentrations and rectal gland mass of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas, captured along a salinity gradient". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 138 (3): 363–371. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.05.006. PMID 15313492.
Pillans, R.D.; Good, J.P.; Anderson, W.G.; Hazon, N & Franklin, C.E. (2005). "Freshwater to seawater acclimation of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas): plasma osmolytes and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in gill, rectal gland, kidney and intestine" (PDF). Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 175 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1007/s00360-004-0460-2. PMID 15565307. S2CID 330115.
Reilly, B.D.; Cramp, R.L.; Wilson, J.M.; Campbell, H.A & Franklin, C.E. (2011). "Branchial osmoregulation in the euryhaline bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas: a molecular analysis of ion transporters" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (17): 2883–2895. doi:10.1242/jeb.058156. PMID 21832131.
Anderson, W.G.; Good, J.P.; Pillans, R.D.; Hazon, N & Franklin, C.E. (2005). "Hepatic urea biosynthesis in the euryhaline elasmobranch Carcharhinus leucas". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology. 303A (10): 917–921. Bibcode:2005JEZA..303..917A. doi:10.1002/jez.a.199. PMID 16161010.
Gleiss, A. C.; Potvin, J.; Keleher, J. J.; Whitty, J. M.; Morgan, D. L.; Goldbogen, J. A. (2015). "Mechanical challenges to freshwater residency in sharks and rays". Journal of Experimental Biology. 218 (7): 1099–1110. doi:10.1242/jeb.114868. PMID 25573824.
Montoya, Rafael Vasquez; Thorson, Thomas B. (1982). "The bull shark and largetooth sawfish in Lake Bayano, a tropical man-made impoundment in Panama". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 7 (4): 341–347. doi:10.1007/BF00005568. S2CID 41507057.
Gausmann, Peter (2024). "Whoʼs the biggest fish in the pond? The story of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in an Australian golf course lake, with deliberations on this speciesʼ longevity in low salinity habitats". Marine and Fishery Sciences. 37 (1). doi:10.47193/mafis.3712024010105. ISSN 2683-7951.
Pirog, Agathe; Ravigné, Virginie; Fontaine, Michaël C.; Rieux, Adrien; Gilabert, Aude; Cliff, Geremy; Clua, Eric; Daly, Ryan; Heithaus, Michael R.; Kiszka, Jeremy J.; Matich, Philip; Nevill, John E. G.; Smoothey, Amy F.; Temple, Andrew J.; Berggren, Per; Jaquemet, Sébastien; Magalon, Hélène (December 2019). "Population structure, connectivity, and demographic history of an apex marine predator, the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas". Ecology and Evolution. 9 (23): 12980–13000. Bibcode:2019EcoEv...912980P. doi:10.1002/ece3.5597. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 6912899. PMID 31871624.
Motta, Philip J; Wilga, Cheryl D. (2001). "Advances in the study of feeding behaviors, mechanisms, and mechanics or sharks". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 60 (1): 131–156. Bibcode:2001EnvBF..60..131M. doi:10.1023/A:1007649900712. S2CID 28305317.
Bres, M (1993). "The behaviour of sharks" (PDF). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 3 (2): 133–159. Bibcode:1993RFBF....3..133B. doi:10.1007/BF00045229. S2CID 9695830. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
Ortega, Lori A.; Heupel, Michelle R.; van Beynen, Philip & Motta, Philip J. (2009). "Movement patterns and water quality preferences of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus lecuas) in a Florida estuary". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 84 (4): 361–373. Bibcode:2009EnvBF..84..361O. doi:10.1007/s10641-009-9442-2. S2CID 22544621.
"Carcharhinus leucas: Rigby, C.L., Espinoza, M., Derrick, D., Pacoureau, N. & Dicken, M." 24 November 2020. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-2.rlts.t39372a2910670.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
de Queiroz, Tara; Meyer, Susan E. (March 2023). "Long-term seed bank persistence in a stochastic desert environment". Ecology and Evolution. 13 (3): e9924. Bibcode:2023EcoEv..13E9924D. doi:10.1002/ece3.9924. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 10030229. PMID 36960237.

dx.doi.org

de Queiroz, Tara; Meyer, Susan E. (March 2023). "Long-term seed bank persistence in a stochastic desert environment". Ecology and Evolution. 13 (3): e9924. Bibcode:2023EcoEv..13E9924D. doi:10.1002/ece3.9924. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 10030229. PMID 36960237.

elasmo-research.org

"Biology of Sharks and Rays". ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
Fresh Waters: Unexpected Haunts. elasmo-research.org. Accessed 6 April 2008.

foxnews.com

"Shark-Infested Australian Golf Course Believed to Be World's First". Fox News. 11 October 2011.

gulfnews.com

Ali, Aghaddir (21 February 2019). "Video: Ministry investigating capture of 347 kg shark off Fujairah". Gulf News. Fujairah. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

gulftoday.ae

"Emirati man catches huge shark weighing 350 kg". Gulf Today. 19 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

McCord, Me; Lamberth, Sj (April 2009). "Catching and tracking the world's largest Zambezi (bull) shark Carcharhinus leucas in the Breede Estuary, South Africa: the first 43 hours". African Journal of Marine Science. 31 (1): 107–111. Bibcode:2009AfJMS..31..107M. doi:10.2989/AJMS.2009.31.1.11.782. S2CID 62786925.
Habegger, M. L.; Motta, P. J.; Huber, D. R.; Dean, M. N. (2012). "Feeding biomechanics and theoretical calculations of bite force in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) during ontogeny". Zoology. 115 (6): 354–364. Bibcode:2012Zool..115..354H. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2012.04.007. PMID 23040789.; for a popular summary, see Walker, Matt (12 October 2012). "Bull sharks have strongest bite of all shark species". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
Tillett B., Meekan; M., Field; I., Thornburn; D., Ovenden, J. (2012). "Evidence for reproductive philopatry in the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas". Journal of Fish Biology. 80 (6): 2140–2158. Bibcode:2012JFBio..80.2140T. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03228.x. PMID 22551174.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Anderson, W.G.; Good, J.P.; Pillans, R.D.; Hazon, N & Franklin, C.E. (2005). "Hepatic urea biosynthesis in the euryhaline elasmobranch Carcharhinus leucas". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology. 303A (10): 917–921. Bibcode:2005JEZA..303..917A. doi:10.1002/jez.a.199. PMID 16161010.
Pirog, Agathe; Ravigné, Virginie; Fontaine, Michaël C.; Rieux, Adrien; Gilabert, Aude; Cliff, Geremy; Clua, Eric; Daly, Ryan; Heithaus, Michael R.; Kiszka, Jeremy J.; Matich, Philip; Nevill, John E. G.; Smoothey, Amy F.; Temple, Andrew J.; Berggren, Per; Jaquemet, Sébastien; Magalon, Hélène (December 2019). "Population structure, connectivity, and demographic history of an apex marine predator, the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas". Ecology and Evolution. 9 (23): 12980–13000. Bibcode:2019EcoEv...912980P. doi:10.1002/ece3.5597. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 6912899. PMID 31871624.
Motta, Philip J; Wilga, Cheryl D. (2001). "Advances in the study of feeding behaviors, mechanisms, and mechanics or sharks". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 60 (1): 131–156. Bibcode:2001EnvBF..60..131M. doi:10.1023/A:1007649900712. S2CID 28305317.
Bres, M (1993). "The behaviour of sharks" (PDF). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 3 (2): 133–159. Bibcode:1993RFBF....3..133B. doi:10.1007/BF00045229. S2CID 9695830. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
Ortega, Lori A.; Heupel, Michelle R.; van Beynen, Philip & Motta, Philip J. (2009). "Movement patterns and water quality preferences of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus lecuas) in a Florida estuary". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 84 (4): 361–373. Bibcode:2009EnvBF..84..361O. doi:10.1007/s10641-009-9442-2. S2CID 22544621.
de Queiroz, Tara; Meyer, Susan E. (March 2023). "Long-term seed bank persistence in a stochastic desert environment". Ecology and Evolution. 13 (3): e9924. Bibcode:2023EcoEv..13E9924D. doi:10.1002/ece3.9924. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 10030229. PMID 36960237.

imensidao.net

Bres, M (1993). "The behaviour of sharks" (PDF). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 3 (2): 133–159. Bibcode:1993RFBF....3..133B. doi:10.1007/BF00045229. S2CID 9695830. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.

in-fisherman.com

Sharks In Illinois. In-Fisherman (16 July 2012). Retrieved on 30 November 2013.
"Sharks in Illinois". In-Fisherman. 16 July 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2017.

inidep.edu.ar

ojs.inidep.edu.ar

Gausmann, Peter (2024). "Whoʼs the biggest fish in the pond? The story of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in an Australian golf course lake, with deliberations on this speciesʼ longevity in low salinity habitats". Marine and Fishery Sciences. 37 (1). doi:10.47193/mafis.3712024010105. ISSN 2683-7951.

int-res.com

Heupel, Michelle R.; Colin A. Simpfendorfer (2008). "Movement and distribution of young bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas in a variable estuarine environment" (PDF). Aquatic Biology. 1: 277–289. doi:10.3354/ab00030.

iucnredlist.org

Rigby, C.L.; Espinoza, M.; Derrick, D.; Pacoureau, N.; Dicken, M. (2021). "Carcharhinus leucas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39372A2910670. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39372A2910670.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

khaleejtimes.com

Shaaban, Ahmed (19 January 2020). "Emirati fisherman catches 350 kg shark in UAE". Khaleej Times. Fujairah. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

klfy.com

Dawson Damico. (20 July 2023). "Rise in bull shark population becoming an issue in Atchafalaya Basin ". KLFY.com website Retrieved 21 July 2023.

life-sea.blogspot.com

Life of Bull Shark | Life of Sea Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Life-sea.blogspot.com (15 November 2011).

marinebio.org

Bull Sharks, Carcharhinus leucas. Marinebio.org (14 January 2013). Retrieved on 30 November 2013.

miami.edu

rsmas.miami.edu

"The Biggest Bull Shark…Ever?". The Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science. 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 15 February 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2012.

nationalgeographic.com

animals.nationalgeographic.com

"Bull shark". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 4 July 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2011.

news.nationalgeographic.com

Handwerk, Brian. "Great Whites May Be Taking the Rap for Bull Shark Attacks". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on 3 August 2002. Retrieved 1 February 2007.

nbcwashington.com

8-Foot Shark Caught In Potomac River. Nbcwashington.com. Retrieved on 4 May 2012.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Habegger, M. L.; Motta, P. J.; Huber, D. R.; Dean, M. N. (2012). "Feeding biomechanics and theoretical calculations of bite force in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) during ontogeny". Zoology. 115 (6): 354–364. Bibcode:2012Zool..115..354H. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2012.04.007. PMID 23040789.; for a popular summary, see Walker, Matt (12 October 2012). "Bull sharks have strongest bite of all shark species". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
Tillett B., Meekan; M., Field; I., Thornburn; D., Ovenden, J. (2012). "Evidence for reproductive philopatry in the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas". Journal of Fish Biology. 80 (6): 2140–2158. Bibcode:2012JFBio..80.2140T. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03228.x. PMID 22551174.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Pillans, R.D.; Franklin, C.E. (2004). "Plasma osmolyte concentrations and rectal gland mass of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas, captured along a salinity gradient". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 138 (3): 363–371. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.05.006. PMID 15313492.
Pillans, R.D.; Good, J.P.; Anderson, W.G.; Hazon, N & Franklin, C.E. (2005). "Freshwater to seawater acclimation of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas): plasma osmolytes and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in gill, rectal gland, kidney and intestine" (PDF). Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 175 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1007/s00360-004-0460-2. PMID 15565307. S2CID 330115.
Reilly, B.D.; Cramp, R.L.; Wilson, J.M.; Campbell, H.A & Franklin, C.E. (2011). "Branchial osmoregulation in the euryhaline bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas: a molecular analysis of ion transporters" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (17): 2883–2895. doi:10.1242/jeb.058156. PMID 21832131.
Anderson, W.G.; Good, J.P.; Pillans, R.D.; Hazon, N & Franklin, C.E. (2005). "Hepatic urea biosynthesis in the euryhaline elasmobranch Carcharhinus leucas". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology. 303A (10): 917–921. Bibcode:2005JEZA..303..917A. doi:10.1002/jez.a.199. PMID 16161010.
Gleiss, A. C.; Potvin, J.; Keleher, J. J.; Whitty, J. M.; Morgan, D. L.; Goldbogen, J. A. (2015). "Mechanical challenges to freshwater residency in sharks and rays". Journal of Experimental Biology. 218 (7): 1099–1110. doi:10.1242/jeb.114868. PMID 25573824.
Pirog, Agathe; Ravigné, Virginie; Fontaine, Michaël C.; Rieux, Adrien; Gilabert, Aude; Cliff, Geremy; Clua, Eric; Daly, Ryan; Heithaus, Michael R.; Kiszka, Jeremy J.; Matich, Philip; Nevill, John E. G.; Smoothey, Amy F.; Temple, Andrew J.; Berggren, Per; Jaquemet, Sébastien; Magalon, Hélène (December 2019). "Population structure, connectivity, and demographic history of an apex marine predator, the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas". Ecology and Evolution. 9 (23): 12980–13000. Bibcode:2019EcoEv...912980P. doi:10.1002/ece3.5597. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 6912899. PMID 31871624.
de Queiroz, Tara; Meyer, Susan E. (March 2023). "Long-term seed bank persistence in a stochastic desert environment". Ecology and Evolution. 13 (3): e9924. Bibcode:2023EcoEv..13E9924D. doi:10.1002/ece3.9924. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 10030229. PMID 36960237.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pirog, Agathe; Ravigné, Virginie; Fontaine, Michaël C.; Rieux, Adrien; Gilabert, Aude; Cliff, Geremy; Clua, Eric; Daly, Ryan; Heithaus, Michael R.; Kiszka, Jeremy J.; Matich, Philip; Nevill, John E. G.; Smoothey, Amy F.; Temple, Andrew J.; Berggren, Per; Jaquemet, Sébastien; Magalon, Hélène (December 2019). "Population structure, connectivity, and demographic history of an apex marine predator, the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas". Ecology and Evolution. 9 (23): 12980–13000. Bibcode:2019EcoEv...912980P. doi:10.1002/ece3.5597. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 6912899. PMID 31871624.
de Queiroz, Tara; Meyer, Susan E. (March 2023). "Long-term seed bank persistence in a stochastic desert environment". Ecology and Evolution. 13 (3): e9924. Bibcode:2023EcoEv..13E9924D. doi:10.1002/ece3.9924. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 10030229. PMID 36960237.

nytimes.com

Roth, Annie (12 September 2024). "Sharks on a Golf Course Made a Watery Grave Unlike Any Other". New York Times. Retrieved 27 October 2024.

paleobiodb.org

"Fossil Works". Fossilworks.org.

researchgate.net

McCord, Me; Lamberth, Sj (April 2009). "Catching and tracking the world's largest Zambezi (bull) shark Carcharhinus leucas in the Breede Estuary, South Africa: the first 43 hours". African Journal of Marine Science. 31 (1): 107–111. Bibcode:2009AfJMS..31..107M. doi:10.2989/AJMS.2009.31.1.11.782. S2CID 62786925.
Gleiss, A. C.; Potvin, J.; Keleher, J. J.; Whitty, J. M.; Morgan, D. L.; Goldbogen, J. A. (2015). "Mechanical challenges to freshwater residency in sharks and rays". Journal of Experimental Biology. 218 (7): 1099–1110. doi:10.1242/jeb.114868. PMID 25573824.
Motta, Philip J; Wilga, Cheryl D. (2001). "Advances in the study of feeding behaviors, mechanisms, and mechanics or sharks". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 60 (1): 131–156. Bibcode:2001EnvBF..60..131M. doi:10.1023/A:1007649900712. S2CID 28305317.

sciencecollege.com

Pillans, R.D.; Good, J.P.; Anderson, W.G.; Hazon, N & Franklin, C.E. (2005). "Freshwater to seawater acclimation of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas): plasma osmolytes and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in gill, rectal gland, kidney and intestine" (PDF). Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 175 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1007/s00360-004-0460-2. PMID 15565307. S2CID 330115.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

McCord, Me; Lamberth, Sj (April 2009). "Catching and tracking the world's largest Zambezi (bull) shark Carcharhinus leucas in the Breede Estuary, South Africa: the first 43 hours". African Journal of Marine Science. 31 (1): 107–111. Bibcode:2009AfJMS..31..107M. doi:10.2989/AJMS.2009.31.1.11.782. S2CID 62786925.
Pillans, R.D.; Good, J.P.; Anderson, W.G.; Hazon, N & Franklin, C.E. (2005). "Freshwater to seawater acclimation of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas): plasma osmolytes and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in gill, rectal gland, kidney and intestine" (PDF). Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 175 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1007/s00360-004-0460-2. PMID 15565307. S2CID 330115.
Montoya, Rafael Vasquez; Thorson, Thomas B. (1982). "The bull shark and largetooth sawfish in Lake Bayano, a tropical man-made impoundment in Panama". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 7 (4): 341–347. doi:10.1007/BF00005568. S2CID 41507057.
Motta, Philip J; Wilga, Cheryl D. (2001). "Advances in the study of feeding behaviors, mechanisms, and mechanics or sharks". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 60 (1): 131–156. Bibcode:2001EnvBF..60..131M. doi:10.1023/A:1007649900712. S2CID 28305317.
Bres, M (1993). "The behaviour of sharks" (PDF). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 3 (2): 133–159. Bibcode:1993RFBF....3..133B. doi:10.1007/BF00045229. S2CID 9695830. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
Ortega, Lori A.; Heupel, Michelle R.; van Beynen, Philip & Motta, Philip J. (2009). "Movement patterns and water quality preferences of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus lecuas) in a Florida estuary". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 84 (4): 361–373. Bibcode:2009EnvBF..84..361O. doi:10.1007/s10641-009-9442-2. S2CID 22544621.

sharkdivermag.com

"Shark Species; Bull Sharks". Shark Diver Magazine. 17: 34. 2003. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2011.

sharkinfo.ch

Fact Sheet: Bull Sharks. Sharkinfo.ch (15 October 1999). Retrieved on 30 November 2013.

theguardian.com

Quinn, Ben (15 March 2009). "Shark attacks bring panic to Sydney's shore". The Guardian. London.

thenational.ae

Haza, Ruba (21 February 2019). "Fisherman under investigation after catching 350 kg bull shark". The National. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

totalprosports.com

"9 Biggest Sharks Ever Caught". Total Pro Sports.com. 4 August 2011. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2012.

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"Bull shark". Florida Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 8 September 2006.
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umich.edu

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Crist, Rick. "Carcharhinus leucas". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 8 September 2006.

underwatertimes.com

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