Burundi–Rwanda relations (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Burundi–Rwanda relations" in English language version.

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61books.google.com

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35web.archive.org

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12worldcat.org

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1sahistory.org.za

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africamuseum.be

Belgian 1946 estimate, cited in Singiza, Dantès (2011). La Famine Ruzagayura (Rwanda, 1943–1944): causes, Conséquences et réactions des autorités (PDF). Teveuren: Royal Museum of Central Africa. pp. 92–3.
United Nations 1948 estimate, cited in Singiza, Dantès (2011). La Famine Ruzagayura (Rwanda, 1943–1944): causes, Conséquences et réactions des autorités (PDF). Teveuren: Royal Museum of Central Africa. p. 94.

afrol.com

"Rwanda, Burundi join East Africa Community". afrol News. 1 December 2006. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.

american.edu

www1.american.edu

Sheshadri, Raja. "Pygmies in the Congo Basin and Conflict". American University. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2017.

archive.org

Melady 1974, p. 11. Melady, Thomas (1974). Burundi: The Tragic Years. New York: Orbis Books. ISBN 0-88344-045-8.
Melady 1974, pp. 19, 108–109. Melady, Thomas (1974). Burundi: The Tragic Years. New York: Orbis Books. ISBN 0-88344-045-8.
Melady 1974, pp. 27–28. Melady, Thomas (1974). Burundi: The Tragic Years. New York: Orbis Books. ISBN 0-88344-045-8.
Prunier 2009, p. 59. Prunier, Gérard (2009). Africa's World War : Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-970583-2.
Prunier 2009, p. 66. Prunier, Gérard (2009). Africa's World War : Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-970583-2.
Prunier 2009, pp. 68, 74. Prunier, Gérard (2009). Africa's World War : Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-970583-2.
Prunier 2009, p. 288. Prunier, Gérard (2009). Africa's World War : Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-970583-2.

aviation-safety.net

"Aircraft accident Dassault Falcon 50 9XR-NN Kigali". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2018.

bbc.co.uk

"Rwanda defence chief leads DR Congo rebels, UN report says". BBC News. 17 October 2012. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023.

bbc.com

"Burundi expels Rwandan diplomat for 'creating insecurity'". BBC News. 7 October 2015.
"Burundi crisis: US concerned over 'Rwanda's destabilising activities'". BBC News. 11 February 2016. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023.

books.google.com

Mamdani 2002, p. 61. Mamdani, Mahmood (2002). When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10280-1.
Chrétien 2003, p. 44. Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-1-890951-34-4.
Chrétien 2003, p. 58. Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-1-890951-34-4.
Chrétien 2003, pp. 88–89, 482. Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-1-890951-34-4.
Seitz 1989, pp. 56–57. Seitz, Stefan (1989). "Historische Wurzeln der Spannungen in Burundi". In Rolf Hofmeier (ed.). Afrika Jahrbuch 1988. Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft in Afrika südlich der Sahara (in German). German Institute of Global and Area Studies; Springer. pp. 55–61. ISBN 978-3-8100-0770-4.
Mamdani 2002, p. 69. Mamdani, Mahmood (2002). When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10280-1.
Appiah & Gates 2010, p. 218. Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 1 (illustrated ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Prunier 1999, pp. 25–26. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Page & Sonnenburg 2003, p. 508. Page, Melvin E.; Sonnenburg, Penny M. (2003). Colonialism: an international, social, cultural, and political encyclopedia. A-M. Vol. 1, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-576-07335-3. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Prunier 1999, p. 26. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Chrétien 2003, p. 260. Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-1-890951-34-4.
Prunier 1999, p. 27. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Prunier 1999, pp. 28–29. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Prunier 1999, p. 61. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Mamdani 2002, pp. 160–161. Mamdani, Mahmood (2002). When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10280-1.
Prunier 1999, p. 53. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Stapleton 2017, p. 39. Stapleton, Timothy J. (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440830525.
Prunier 1999, pp. 55–56. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 219. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 204. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 220. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 221. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 223. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Melvern 2000, p. 18. Melvern, Linda (2000). A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide (reprint ed.). Zed Books. ISBN 9781856498319.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 216. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Stapleton 2017, p. 40. Stapleton, Timothy J. (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440830525.
Stapleton 2017, p. 41. Stapleton, Timothy J. (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440830525.
Lemarchand 1970, pp. 385–386. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 227. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Brecher & Wilkenfeld 1997, p. 442. Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1997). A Study of Crisis. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 9780472108060.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 222. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Stapleton 2017, pp. 41–42. Stapleton, Timothy J. (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440830525.
Lemarchand 1970, pp. 357–358. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Russell 2019, p. 155. Russell, Aiden (2019). Politics and Violence in Burundi: The Language of Truth in an Emerging State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-49934-7.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 428. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Kadende, Rose Marie (1998). Language, Cultural Discourse, and Identity Negotiation: Internet Communication Among Burundians in the Diaspora. Indiana University.
Lemarchand 2009, pp. 135, 139. Lemarchand, René (2009). The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812241204. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023.
Chrétien & Dupaquier 2007, p. 9. Chrétien, Jean-Pierre; Dupaquier, Jean-François (2007). Burundi 1972, au bord des génocides (in French). Paris: Karthala Editions. ISBN 9782845868724.
Kay 1987, p. 10. Kay, Reginald (1987). Burundi Since the Genocide (second ed.). London: Minority Rights Group International. ISBN 9780080308319.
Lemarchand 1996, p. 8. Lemarchand, René (1996). Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56623-1.
Lemarchand 2009, p. 139. Lemarchand, René (2009). The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812241204. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023.
Adelman & Suhrke 1999, p. 64. Adelman, Howard; Suhrke, Astri, eds. (1999). The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire (illustrated ed.). Oxford: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-41-283820-7.
Turner 2012, p. 1. Turner, Simon (2012). Politics of Innocence: Hutu Identity, Conflict and Camp Life. Berghahn Books. ISBN 9780857456090.
Charny 1999, p. 510. Charny, Israel W., ed. (1999). Encyclopedia of Genocide: A–H. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780874369281.
Prunier 1997, pp. 199–200. Prunier, Gérard (1997). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (reprint ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231104098.
Melvern 2000, p. 83. Melvern, Linda (2000). A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide (reprint ed.). Zed Books. ISBN 9781856498319.
Melvern 2000, p. 84. Melvern, Linda (2000). A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide (reprint ed.). Zed Books. ISBN 9781856498319.
Thompson 2007, p. 45. Thompson, Allan, ed. (2007). The Media and the Rwanda Genocide. London: Pluto Press. ISBN 9780745326252.
Prunier 1997, pp. 201–202. Prunier, Gérard (1997). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (reprint ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231104098.
Prunier 1997, pp. 200–201. Prunier, Gérard (1997). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (reprint ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231104098.
Klinghoffer 1998, p. 35. Klinghoffer, A. (1998). The International Dimension of Genocide in Rwanda. Springer. ISBN 9780230375062.
Melvern 2004, p. 133. Melvern, Linda (2004). Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwandan Genocide. New York City: Verso. ISBN 0-312-30486-2.
Chretien & Mukuri 2002, p. 68. Chretien, Jean-Pierre; Mukuri, Melchior (2002). Burundi, la fracture identitaire: logiques de violence et certitudes ethniques, 1993–1996 (in French). Karthala Editions. ISBN 9782845863187.
Prunier 1999, p. 261. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Dallaire 2005, p. 269. Dallaire, Roméo (2005). Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda. London: Arrow Books. ISBN 978-0-09-947893-5.
Dallaire 2005, p. 459. Dallaire, Roméo (2005). Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda. London: Arrow Books. ISBN 978-0-09-947893-5.
Prunier 1999, pp. 298–299. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Chretien & Mukuri 2002, p. 67. Chretien, Jean-Pierre; Mukuri, Melchior (2002). Burundi, la fracture identitaire: logiques de violence et certitudes ethniques, 1993–1996 (in French). Karthala Editions. ISBN 9782845863187.
Lansford 2017, p. 227. Lansford, Tom (2017). Political Handbook of the World 2016-2017. Volume 1. London: CQ Press. ISBN 9781506327150.
Ngaruko & Nkurunziza 2005, p. 49. Ngaruko, Floribert; Nkurunziza, Janvier D. (2005). "Civil War and Its Duration in Burundi". In Paul Collier; Nicholas Sambanis (eds.). Understanding Civil War: Africa. Evidence and Analysis. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. pp. 35–62. ISBN 978-0-8213-6047-7.
Reyntjens 2009, pp. 42, 61. Reyntjens, Filip (2009). The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11128-7.

cambridge.org

assets.cambridge.org

"Re-imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Twentieth Century" (PDF). School of Oriental and African Studies, University of England (Cambridge University Press). 2002-03-01. Retrieved 2006-06-05.

doi.org

Cornwell & de Beer 1999, p. 84. Cornwell, Richard; de Beer, Hannelie (1999). "Burundi: The politics of intolerance". Africa Watch. 8 (6): 84–94. doi:10.1080/10246029.1999.9628162.
Reyntjens 2006, p. 117. Reyntjens, Filip (January 2006). "Briefing: Burundi: A Peaceful Transition after a Decade of War?". African Affairs. 105 (418): 117–135. doi:10.1093/afraf/adi092. JSTOR 3518791.
Bundervoet 2009, p. 361. Bundervoet, Tom (May 2009). "Livestock, Land and Political Power: The 1993 Killings in Burundi". Journal of Peace Research. 46 (3): 357–376. doi:10.1177/0022343309102657. S2CID 58245595.
Guichaoua, André (2020-01-02). "Counting the Rwandan Victims of War and Genocide: Concluding Reflections". Journal of Genocide Research. 22 (1): 125–141. doi:10.1080/14623528.2019.1703329. ISSN 1462-3528. S2CID 213471539. Archived from the original on 2022-02-17. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
Meierhenrich, Jens (2020). "How Many Victims Were There in the Rwandan Genocide? A Statistical Debate". Journal of Genocide Research. 22 (1): 72–82. doi:10.1080/14623528.2019.1709611. S2CID 213046710. The lower bound for Tutsi deaths is 491,000 (McDoom), see page 75 mention

hrw.org

"To Protect the People: the Government-sponsored "self-defense" program in Burundi" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 7(A). December 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-06-03. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
"Burundi: Crackdown on Protesters". Human Rights Watch. 27 April 2015. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016.
""We Will Beat You to Correct You": Abuses Ahead of Burundi's Constitutional Referendum". Human Rights Watch. 18 May 2018.

ihoes.be

Singiza, Dantès (7 September 2012). "Ruzagayura, une famine au Rwanda au cœur du Second Conflit mondial" (PDF). L'Institut d'Histoire Ouvrière, économique et Sociale.

jstor.org

Reyntjens 2006, p. 117. Reyntjens, Filip (January 2006). "Briefing: Burundi: A Peaceful Transition after a Decade of War?". African Affairs. 105 (418): 117–135. doi:10.1093/afraf/adi092. JSTOR 3518791.

lemonde.fr

"Le roi Ntare V est déposé par le capitaine Micombero qui devient président de la République" [King Ntare V is deposed by Captain Micombero who becomes president of the republic]. Le Monde (in French). 30 November 1966. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2023.

newtimes.co.rw

Gasana, Vincent (26 December 2018). "The massacre of innocents, Rwanda 1963". The New Times. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2021.

nytimes.com

"Savagery Marks Tribal Warfare in Rwanda; Watasi, Once Feudal Lords, Flee to Neighboring Lands —Bahatu Kill Thousands; Regime Said to Permit Raids as Reprisals for Terrorism by Monarchist Guerrillas". The New York Times. 9 February 1964. p. 1. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2023.

radiookapi.net

"RDC : le gouvernement salue le rapport de l'ONU sur le soutien du Rwanda au M23" [DRC: government welcomes UN report on Rwanda's support for M23]. RadioOkapi (in French). 5 August 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023.
"Le Potentiel : " EAC : Des soldats burundais entrent officiellement en RDC "" [The Potential: "EAC: Burundian soldiers officially enter the DRC"]. RadioOkapi (in French). 16 August 2022.
"Mutualisation des forces de l'EAC : les groupes armés ciblés par la force militaire régionale" [Pooling of EAC forces: armed groups targeted by regional military force]. RadioOkapi (in French). 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
"RDC : arrivée des détachements précurseurs des militaires sud-soudanais à Goma" [DRC: arrival of precursor detachments of South Sudanese soldiers in Goma]. RadioOkapi (in French). 3 April 2023.

reliefweb.int

"Breaking the cycle of violence – Burundi". ReliefWeb. Minority Rights Group. July 1996. Archived from the original on 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
"Burundi: Pre-Election Civil Unrest and Population Movement in Rwanda and Tanzania – Information Bulletin n° 2". Reliefweb. International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. 18 May 2015.

reuters.com

Manirabarusha, Clement (19 June 2015). "Seventy killed, hundreds injured in Burundi unrest: rights group". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023.
Nichols, Michelle; Charbonneau, Louis (4 February 2016). Reinhold, Toni (ed.). "Burundi rebels say trained by Rwandan military: U.N. experts". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023.

rfi.fr

"Afrique Le Burundi ferme ses frontières terrestres avec le Rwanda voisin pour une durée indéterminée" [Burundi closed all its land borders with Rwanda, for an indefinite period]. Radio France Internationale (in French). 11 January 2024.

sahistory.org.za

Krueger & Krueger 2007, pp. 20–21. Krueger, Robert; Krueger, Kathleen Tobin (2007). From Bloodshed to Hope in Burundi: Our Embassy Years During Genocide (PDF). University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292714861.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Bundervoet 2009, p. 361. Bundervoet, Tom (May 2009). "Livestock, Land and Political Power: The 1993 Killings in Burundi". Journal of Peace Research. 46 (3): 357–376. doi:10.1177/0022343309102657. S2CID 58245595.
Guichaoua, André (2020-01-02). "Counting the Rwandan Victims of War and Genocide: Concluding Reflections". Journal of Genocide Research. 22 (1): 125–141. doi:10.1080/14623528.2019.1703329. ISSN 1462-3528. S2CID 213471539. Archived from the original on 2022-02-17. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
Meierhenrich, Jens (2020). "How Many Victims Were There in the Rwandan Genocide? A Statistical Debate". Journal of Genocide Research. 22 (1): 72–82. doi:10.1080/14623528.2019.1709611. S2CID 213046710. The lower bound for Tutsi deaths is 491,000 (McDoom), see page 75 mention

sudantribune.com

"Sudan shows interest to join East African Community". Sudan Tribune. 6 December 2006. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023.

survivalinternational.org

"The 'Pygmies'". Survival International. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.

tandfonline.com

Cornwell & de Beer 1999, p. 84. Cornwell, Richard; de Beer, Hannelie (1999). "Burundi: The politics of intolerance". Africa Watch. 8 (6): 84–94. doi:10.1080/10246029.1999.9628162.

theatlantic.com

Meisler, Stanley (September 1973). "Rwanda and Burundi". The Atlantic. Vol. 232, no. 3. pp. 6–16. Archived from the original on 2017-01-10. Retrieved 2023-12-06.

thedefensepost.com

"M23 Rebels' Vow to Retreat at Odds With Hazy Reality in DR Congo". The Defense Post. 6 January 2023. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023.

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"Rwanda Inside DRC, Aiding M23 – Report". VOA. 4 August 2022. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022.

voanews.com

Craig, Jill (14 October 2015). "Relations Between Burundi, Rwanda Deteriorating". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023.

web.archive.org

Appiah & Gates 2010, p. 218. Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 1 (illustrated ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Prunier 1999, pp. 25–26. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Page & Sonnenburg 2003, p. 508. Page, Melvin E.; Sonnenburg, Penny M. (2003). Colonialism: an international, social, cultural, and political encyclopedia. A-M. Vol. 1, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-576-07335-3. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
Prunier 1999, p. 26. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Prunier 1999, p. 27. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Prunier 1999, pp. 28–29. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Prunier 1999, p. 61. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
"Savagery Marks Tribal Warfare in Rwanda; Watasi, Once Feudal Lords, Flee to Neighboring Lands —Bahatu Kill Thousands; Regime Said to Permit Raids as Reprisals for Terrorism by Monarchist Guerrillas". The New York Times. 9 February 1964. p. 1. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
Prunier 1999, p. 53. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
Prunier 1999, pp. 55–56. Prunier, Gérard (1999). The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (2nd ed.). Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited. ISBN 978-9970-02-089-8. Archived from the original on 2023-01-11.
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Lemarchand 1970, p. 219. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 204. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 220. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 221. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 223. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 216. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, pp. 385–386. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 227. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 222. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, pp. 357–358. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Lemarchand 1970, p. 428. Lemarchand, René (1970). Rwanda and Burundi. New York: Praeger Publishers. OCLC 254366212.
Guichaoua, André (2020-01-02). "Counting the Rwandan Victims of War and Genocide: Concluding Reflections". Journal of Genocide Research. 22 (1): 125–141. doi:10.1080/14623528.2019.1703329. ISSN 1462-3528. S2CID 213471539. Archived from the original on 2022-02-17. Retrieved 2023-12-07.