Bushfires in Australia (English Wikipedia)

Ross, Monique; Quince, Annabelle (11 January 2020). "The history of fire in Australia — and how it can help us face the bushfires of the future". Rear Vision. ABC Radio National. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
Salleh, Anna (10 December 2015). "Most bushfires in south-eastern Australia caused by humans". Australia Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
Nguyen, Kevin; Brunero, Tim; Thomas, Sarah; Keane, Daniel; Mills, Nicole (18 January 2020). "The truth about Australia's fires — arsonists aren't responsible for many this season". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
RMIT ABC Fact Check; Gordon, Josh (14 January 2020). "Some Coalition MPS say arson is mostly to blame for the bushfire crisis. Here are the facts". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
"Early start to bushfire season in NSW catches many by surprise". 7:30. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 9 September 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
Maunder, Sarah (4 December 2019). "Bushfire season starts early with Gippsland residents urged to prepare after deadly 'practice run'". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
Brown, Carmen (31 October 2013). "Central Australia set for 'average' fire season". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
Birch, Laura; Lynch, Jacqueline; Ferguson, Holly (22 November 2019). "Rising from the ashes, Yarloop bounces back after devastating bushfires in 2016". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
Morrison, Scott (9 January 2020). "Scott Morrison defends the Government's response to the bushfires" (Streaming video). 7.30 (Interview). Interviewed by Michael Rowland. ABC-TV. Retrieved 15 February 2020. ... there will be a time, I think, to ensure that we work with the states and territories to get the proper inquiry in place. It needs to be comprehensive, it needs to deal with contributing factors which is everything from hazard reduction to climate change through to the response issues, the national coordination matters and, of course, resilience and planning for the future.
"Real-time bushfire monitoring satellite system to be developed in Australia". ABC News. 11 August 2015.
Harradine, Natasha (28 September 2014). "Better bushfire information for regional communities". ABC News.

abs.gov.au (Global: 455^th place; English: 276^th place)

Cheney, N. P.; CSIRO Division of Forestry (1995). "BUSHFIRES – AN INTEGRAL PART OF AUSTRALIA'S ENVIRONMENT". The Year Book of Australia 1995. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
Cheney, N. P. (1 January 1995). "BUSHFIRES – AN INTEGRAL PART OF AUSTRALIA'S ENVIRONMENT". 1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 14 January 2020. In 1974-75 [...] in this season fires burnt over 117 million hectares or 15 per cent of the total land area of this continent.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Head, Lesley; Atchison, Jennifer (2015). "Governing invasive plants: Policy and practice in managing the Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) – Bushfire nexus in northern Australia". Land Use Policy. 47 (47): 225–234. Bibcode:2015LUPol..47..225H. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.04.009.
van der Velde, Ivar R.; van der Werf, Guido R.; Houweling, Sander; Maasakkers, Joannes D.; Borsdorff, Tobias; Landgraf, Jochen; Tol, Paul; van Kempen, Tim A.; van Hees, Richard; Hoogeveen, Ruud; Veefkind, J. Pepijn (September 2021). "Vast CO2 release from Australian fires in 2019–2020 constrained by satellite". Nature. 597 (7876): 366–369. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..366V. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03712-y. hdl:1871.1/c4f7bd8b-1e9b-49bb-9604-ba873e5a4d52. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34526704. S2CID 237536364.

afac.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Australian Fire Danger Rating System". AFAC (Australian and New Zealand Council for fire and emergency services). Retrieved 12 March 2023.
"AFDRS Design". National Council for Fire and Emergency Services. Retrieved 12 March 2023.

afdrs.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"AFDRS – Australian Fire Danger Rating System". afdrs.com.au. Retrieved 21 January 2026.

aidr.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

knowledge.aidr.org.au

"New South Wales, December 1974 Bushfire – New South Wales". Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience. Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020. During the summer between 1974 and 1975, Australia experienced its worst bushfire season in 30 years. Approximately 15 per cent of Australia's physical land mass sustained extensive fire damage. This equates to roughly around 117 million ha.
"New South Wales, December 1974 Bushfire - New South Wales". Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience. Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020. Approximately 15 per cent of Australia's physical land mass sustained extensive fire damage. This equates to roughly around 117 million ha.
"Canberra 2003". Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub. Retrieved 3 November 2019.

airqualitynews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Smoke from Australian bushfires was more deadly than the fires themselves". airqualitynews.com. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2021.

aph.gov.au (Global: 1,741^st place; English: 826^th place)

Senate Select Committee on Agricultural and Related Industries (13 August 2010). "Chapter 2 – Previous bushfire inquiries". The incidence and severity of bushfires across Australia. Parliament of Australia. ISBN 978-1-74229-349-3. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

australiangeographic.com.au (Global: 9,719^th place; English: 6,391^st place)

Williams, Liz T. (3 November 2011). "The worst bushfires in Australia's history". Australian Geographic. Retrieved 12 February 2020.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"Australia fires: Is arson to blame?". BBC. 17 January 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
"Australia bushfires: Which animals typically fare best and worst?". BBC News. 22 November 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
Mao, Frances (24 December 2019). "Australia fires: The thousands of volunteers fighting the flames". BBC News. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
McDonald, Tim (20 December 2019). "Australia fires: The huge economic cost of Australia's bushfires". BBC News. United Kingdom. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

Heath, Michael (9 January 2020). "Australian Economy Struck by Wildfires, Setting Up Stimulus". Bloomberg Green. Retrieved 13 February 2020.

bnhcrc.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Eburn, Michael; Hudson, David; Chal, Ignatious; Dovers, Stephen (2 September 2014). Learning from Adversity: What has 75 years of bushfire inquiries (1939–2013) taught us?, Report no 2015.019. Research Forum at the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC & AFAC conference. Australian National University. Wellington, New Zealand: Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC. p. 4. Archived from the original (requires download) on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020. The fact that catastrophic events continue to recur is evidence either that the community is failing to learn the lessons from the past, or the inquiries fail to identify the true learning – that catastrophic events may be inevitable, or that Royal Commissions are not the most effective way to identify relevant lessons from past events.

bom.gov.au (Global: 1,891^st place; English: 1,068^th place)

"Bushfire weather". Bureau of Meteorology, Australia. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

bushfirefront.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Impacts of Bushfires". Bushfire Front. 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.

canberratimes.com.au (Global: 3,502^nd place; English: 1,773^rd place)

"H.G Wells and the big chill in Canberra's 1939 heatwave". The Sydney Morning Herald. 20 January 2014.
Lansdown, Sarah; Whyte, Sally (5 January 2020). "Canberra shuts down as smoke smothers city". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

cfa.vic.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

cfa.vic.gov.au

"Restrictions During the Fire Danger Period". Country Fire Association. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
"Country Fire Authority". Retrieved 30 October 2010.

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"Fire Danger Rating Brochure". Government of Victoria. Country Fire Authority. 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

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"Bushfire behaviour". SA Country Fire Service. Retrieved 3 June 2025.
"Fire Danger Season Dates". South Australian Country Fire Service. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

christiantoday.co.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tronson, Mark. "Bushfires – across the nation". Christian Today. Retrieved 5 January 2020.

climatecouncil.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Facts about Bushfires and Climate Change". Australia: Climate Council. 13 November 2019.
Colton, Schroeder (12 November 2019). "This is Not Normal: Climate Change and Escalating bushfire risk". Australia: Climate Council.

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"Bushfire weather in Southeast Australia: Media Brief" (PDF). The Climate Institute. 26 September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.

creativecommons.org (Global: 580^th place; English: 287^th place)

"Black Friday 1939". Forest Fire Management Victoria. © State of Victoria (Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning). 27 February 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2020. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

csiro.au (Global: 3,457^th place; English: 2,432^nd place)

research.csiro.au

"Terrain – Bushfire best practice guide". CSIRO Research. Retrieved 3 June 2025.

csiro.au

"Bushfire tracking with Sentinel Hotspots". www.csiro.au.

daff.qld.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus)". A–Z listing of weeds: Photo guide to weeds. Queensland Department of Primary Industries. 30 October 2015. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2020.

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"Welcome to DFES". Department of Fire and Emergency Services of Western Australia. Retrieved 30 October 2010.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Wilson, Nicholas; Cary, Geoffrey J.; Gibbons, Philip (15 June 2018). "Relationships between mature trees and fire fuel hazard in Australian forest". International Journal of Wildland Fire. 27 (4): 353–362. doi:10.1071/WF17112. hdl:1885/160659.
Head, Lesley; Atchison, Jennifer (2015). "Governing invasive plants: Policy and practice in managing the Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) – Bushfire nexus in northern Australia". Land Use Policy. 47 (47): 225–234. Bibcode:2015LUPol..47..225H. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.04.009.
van der Velde, Ivar R.; van der Werf, Guido R.; Houweling, Sander; Maasakkers, Joannes D.; Borsdorff, Tobias; Landgraf, Jochen; Tol, Paul; van Kempen, Tim A.; van Hees, Richard; Hoogeveen, Ruud; Veefkind, J. Pepijn (September 2021). "Vast CO2 release from Australian fires in 2019–2020 constrained by satellite". Nature. 597 (7876): 366–369. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..366V. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03712-y. hdl:1871.1/c4f7bd8b-1e9b-49bb-9604-ba873e5a4d52. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34526704. S2CID 237536364.
Borchers Arriagada, Nicolas; Palmer, Andrew J; Bowman, David MJS; Morgan, Geoffrey G; Jalaludin, Bin B; Johnston, Fay H (September 2020). "Unprecedented smoke-related health burden associated with the 2019–20 bushfires in eastern Australia". Medical Journal of Australia. 213 (6): 282–283. doi:10.5694/mja2.50545. ISSN 0025-729X. PMID 32162689. S2CID 212678709.
O'Donnell, M H; Behie, A M (15 November 2015). "Effects of wildfire disaster exposure on male birth weight in an Australian population". Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. 2015 (1): 344–354. doi:10.1093/emph/eov027. ISSN 2050-6201. PMC 4697771. PMID 26574560.
Sim, M. (April 2002). "Bushfires: are we doing enough to reduce the human impact?". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 59 (4): 215–216. doi:10.1136/oem.59.4.215. PMC 1740264. PMID 11934947.

donnybrook-balingup.wa.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fire". Donnybrook Belingup Shire. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

dpac.tas.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

2013 Tasmanian Bushfires Inquiry: Volume 1 (PDF) (Report). ISBN 978-0-9923581-0-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2019.

driverknowledgetests.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Driving in a bushfire". 13 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.

ecobooks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Flannery, Tim (2002). The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People. Grove Press.

ema.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"EMA Disasters Database". Emergency management Australia. Retrieved 30 October 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

ffm.vic.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Past bushfires". Forest Fire Management Victoria. Government of Victoria. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
"Black Friday 1939". Forest Fire Management Victoria. © State of Victoria (Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning). 27 February 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2020. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

fire.tas.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

messages.fire.tas.gov.au

"Fire Permit Period Declaration" (PDF). State Fire Commission, Tasmania. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

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"About TFS". Tasmania Fire Service. 2019.

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"Fire terminology". Forestry Australia. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2026.

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"Sentinel Hotspots". sentinel.ga.gov.au.

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Newey, Sarah (2 January 2020). "Australia is burning – but why are the bushfires so bad and is climate change to blame?". The Telegraph. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.

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Sullivan, Rohan (11 February 2009). "Hot and dry Australia sees wildfire danger rise". The Association Press. Retrieved 13 February 2009.^{[dead link]}

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Wilson, Nicholas; Cary, Geoffrey J.; Gibbons, Philip (15 June 2018). "Relationships between mature trees and fire fuel hazard in Australian forest". International Journal of Wildland Fire. 27 (4): 353–362. doi:10.1071/WF17112. hdl:1885/160659.
van der Velde, Ivar R.; van der Werf, Guido R.; Houweling, Sander; Maasakkers, Joannes D.; Borsdorff, Tobias; Landgraf, Jochen; Tol, Paul; van Kempen, Tim A.; van Hees, Richard; Hoogeveen, Ruud; Veefkind, J. Pepijn (September 2021). "Vast CO2 release from Australian fires in 2019–2020 constrained by satellite". Nature. 597 (7876): 366–369. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..366V. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03712-y. hdl:1871.1/c4f7bd8b-1e9b-49bb-9604-ba873e5a4d52. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34526704. S2CID 237536364.

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Bonsor, Kevin (29 May 2001). "How Wildfires Work". How Stuff Works. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

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"MyFireWatch – Bushfire map information Australia". myfirewatch.landgate.wa.gov.au.

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"Bush Fires Act 1954 – Western Australia". Government of Western Australia. 1954. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

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RP, MDM Publishing Ltd- (4 March 2020). "Australia's on fire – what now?". International Fire Fighter. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

van der Velde, Ivar R.; van der Werf, Guido R.; Houweling, Sander; Maasakkers, Joannes D.; Borsdorff, Tobias; Landgraf, Jochen; Tol, Paul; van Kempen, Tim A.; van Hees, Richard; Hoogeveen, Ruud; Veefkind, J. Pepijn (September 2021). "Vast CO2 release from Australian fires in 2019–2020 constrained by satellite". Nature. 597 (7876): 366–369. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..366V. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03712-y. hdl:1871.1/c4f7bd8b-1e9b-49bb-9604-ba873e5a4d52. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34526704. S2CID 237536364.

newshub.co.nz (Global: 4,359^th place; English: 2,311^th place)

Fyfe, James; Wilton, James (10 January 2020). "Australia bushfires: Concern over long-term effects on firefighters' health". NewsHub. New Zealand. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

Cole, Brendan (7 January 2020). "WHAT CAUSED THE WILDFIRES IN AUSTRALIA? AMID WORST BLAZES FOR A DECADE, 24 PEOPLE ARE CHARGED WITH ARSON". Newsweek. Retrieved 14 February 2020. In 1974, 117 million hectares of land was burnt in wildfires in central Australia.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

van der Velde, Ivar R.; van der Werf, Guido R.; Houweling, Sander; Maasakkers, Joannes D.; Borsdorff, Tobias; Landgraf, Jochen; Tol, Paul; van Kempen, Tim A.; van Hees, Richard; Hoogeveen, Ruud; Veefkind, J. Pepijn (September 2021). "Vast CO2 release from Australian fires in 2019–2020 constrained by satellite". Nature. 597 (7876): 366–369. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..366V. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03712-y. hdl:1871.1/c4f7bd8b-1e9b-49bb-9604-ba873e5a4d52. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34526704. S2CID 237536364.
Borchers Arriagada, Nicolas; Palmer, Andrew J; Bowman, David MJS; Morgan, Geoffrey G; Jalaludin, Bin B; Johnston, Fay H (September 2020). "Unprecedented smoke-related health burden associated with the 2019–20 bushfires in eastern Australia". Medical Journal of Australia. 213 (6): 282–283. doi:10.5694/mja2.50545. ISSN 0025-729X. PMID 32162689. S2CID 212678709.
O'Donnell, M H; Behie, A M (15 November 2015). "Effects of wildfire disaster exposure on male birth weight in an Australian population". Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. 2015 (1): 344–354. doi:10.1093/emph/eov027. ISSN 2050-6201. PMC 4697771. PMID 26574560.
Sim, M. (April 2002). "Bushfires: are we doing enough to reduce the human impact?". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 59 (4): 215–216. doi:10.1136/oem.59.4.215. PMC 1740264. PMID 11934947.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

O'Donnell, M H; Behie, A M (15 November 2015). "Effects of wildfire disaster exposure on male birth weight in an Australian population". Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. 2015 (1): 344–354. doi:10.1093/emph/eov027. ISSN 2050-6201. PMC 4697771. PMID 26574560.
Sim, M. (April 2002). "Bushfires: are we doing enough to reduce the human impact?". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 59 (4): 215–216. doi:10.1136/oem.59.4.215. PMC 1740264. PMID 11934947.

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nt.gov.au

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Australia strengthens bushfire defences as economic, environmental costs mount, Reuters, 7 January 2020

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scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

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semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

van der Velde, Ivar R.; van der Werf, Guido R.; Houweling, Sander; Maasakkers, Joannes D.; Borsdorff, Tobias; Landgraf, Jochen; Tol, Paul; van Kempen, Tim A.; van Hees, Richard; Hoogeveen, Ruud; Veefkind, J. Pepijn (September 2021). "Vast CO2 release from Australian fires in 2019–2020 constrained by satellite". Nature. 597 (7876): 366–369. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..366V. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03712-y. hdl:1871.1/c4f7bd8b-1e9b-49bb-9604-ba873e5a4d52. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34526704. S2CID 237536364.
Borchers Arriagada, Nicolas; Palmer, Andrew J; Bowman, David MJS; Morgan, Geoffrey G; Jalaludin, Bin B; Johnston, Fay H (September 2020). "Unprecedented smoke-related health burden associated with the 2019–20 bushfires in eastern Australia". Medical Journal of Australia. 213 (6): 282–283. doi:10.5694/mja2.50545. ISSN 0025-729X. PMID 32162689. S2CID 212678709.

smh.com.au (Global: 154^th place; English: 94^th place)

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stuff.co.nz (Global: 387^th place; English: 194^th place)

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sydney.edu.au (Global: 6,027^th place; English: 3,558^th place)

"More than one billion animals killed in Australian bushfires". University of Sydney. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
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telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

Newey, Sarah (2 January 2020). "Australia is burning – but why are the bushfires so bad and is climate change to blame?". The Telegraph. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.

theaustralian.com.au (Global: 957^th place; English: 505^th place)

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thebushfirefoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fire Behaviour". The Bushfire Foundation. 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

theconversation.com (Global: 840^th place; English: 594^th place)

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Lucas, Chris; Harris, Sarah (10 October 2019). "It's only October, so what's with all these bushfires? New research explains it". The Conversation. Retrieved 20 January 2020.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Readfearn, Graham; Morton, Adam (28 July 2020). "Almost 3 billion animals affected by Australian bushfires, report shows – megafires 'one of the worst wildlife disasters in modern history', say scientists". The Guardian.
Readfearn, Graham (13 January 2020). "Explainer: what are the underlying causes of Australia's shocking bushfire season?". Guardian Australia. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
Bushfire crisis conditions eight times more likely under 2C warming, analysis shows, The Guardian, 4 March 2020
"Australian bushfires to contribute to huge annual increase in global carbon dioxide". Guardian Australia. 24 January 2020.
Allam, Lorena (18 January 2020). "Right fire for right future: how cultural burning can protect Australia from catastrophic blazes". Guardian Australia. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
"The world loves kangaroos and koalas. Now we are watching them die in droves". Guardian Australia. 6 January 2020.
Salinger, Jim (8 January 2020). "Australia's bushfires mean New Zealand has become the land of the long pink cloud". Guardian Australia. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
Butler, Ben (8 January 2020). "Economic impact of Australia's bushfires set to exceed $4.4bn cost of Black Saturday". Guardian Australia. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
Cox, Lisa (11 November 2019). "Catastrophic fire danger: what does it mean and what should we do in these conditions?". Guardian Australia. Retrieved 15 February 2020.

theleader.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mutton, Sheree (9 January 2014). "Shire fire horror still lingers 20 years on". St George & Sutherland Shire Leader. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

tlcmap.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Morgan, Flannuala (23 January 2022). "19th Century Australian Bushfire Reporting". TLCMaps. Retrieved 11 February 2023.

unep.org (Global: 4,173^rd place; English: 3,588^th place)

"Ten impacts of the Australian bushfires". UNEP. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2021.

uow.edu.au (Global: 7,259^th place; English: 4,435^th place)

ro.uow.edu.au

Ellis, Stuart; Kanowski, Peter (2004). National Inquiry on Bushfire Mitigation and Management - 2004. Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia: Council of Australian Governments. pp. 339–345. ISBN 0-646-43442-X. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020 – via University of Wollongong.

waroona.wa.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fire Control Information 2019/20". Waroona Shire Council. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

watoday.com.au (Global: 8,275^th place; English: 4,238^th place)

Young, Emma (9 January 2016). "WA fires: deadly Waroona blaze contained but not controlled, downgraded to 'advice'". WA Today.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"New South Wales, December 1974 Bushfire – New South Wales". Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience. Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020. During the summer between 1974 and 1975, Australia experienced its worst bushfire season in 30 years. Approximately 15 per cent of Australia's physical land mass sustained extensive fire damage. This equates to roughly around 117 million ha.
"The Fire Book" (PDF). Tangentyre Landcare. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2015.
"Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus)". A–Z listing of weeds: Photo guide to weeds. Queensland Department of Primary Industries. 30 October 2015. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
"New South Wales, December 1974 Bushfire - New South Wales". Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience. Government of Australia. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020. Approximately 15 per cent of Australia's physical land mass sustained extensive fire damage. This equates to roughly around 117 million ha.
Ellis, Stuart; Kanowski, Peter (2004). National Inquiry on Bushfire Mitigation and Management - 2004. Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia: Council of Australian Governments. pp. 339–345. ISBN 0-646-43442-X. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020 – via University of Wollongong.
"Bushfire weather in Southeast Australia: Media Brief" (PDF). The Climate Institute. 26 September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
"Monsoonal Climate". Questacon. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2006.
"Fire Danger Season Dates". South Australian Country Fire Service. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
"Fire Permit Period Declaration" (PDF). State Fire Commission, Tasmania. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
"Preparing for bushfires and your responsibilities". NT.gov.au. Northern Territory Government. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
"Fire Control Information 2019/20". Waroona Shire Council. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
Fyfe, James; Wilton, James (10 January 2020). "Australia bushfires: Concern over long-term effects on firefighters' health". NewsHub. New Zealand. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
Eburn, Michael; Hudson, David; Chal, Ignatious; Dovers, Stephen (2 September 2014). Learning from Adversity: What has 75 years of bushfire inquiries (1939–2013) taught us?, Report no 2015.019. Research Forum at the Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC & AFAC conference. Australian National University. Wellington, New Zealand: Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC. p. 4. Archived from the original (requires download) on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020. The fact that catastrophic events continue to recur is evidence either that the community is failing to learn the lessons from the past, or the inquiries fail to identify the true learning – that catastrophic events may be inevitable, or that Royal Commissions are not the most effective way to identify relevant lessons from past events.
"Drones to assist firefighters in emergencies". NSW Government. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
"Rural Fire Service Queensland". Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
2013 Tasmanian Bushfires Inquiry: Volume 1 (PDF) (Report). ISBN 978-0-9923581-0-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2019.

webofknowledge.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

apps.webofknowledge.com

(registration required)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

van der Velde, Ivar R.; van der Werf, Guido R.; Houweling, Sander; Maasakkers, Joannes D.; Borsdorff, Tobias; Landgraf, Jochen; Tol, Paul; van Kempen, Tim A.; van Hees, Richard; Hoogeveen, Ruud; Veefkind, J. Pepijn (September 2021). "Vast CO2 release from Australian fires in 2019–2020 constrained by satellite". Nature. 597 (7876): 366–369. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..366V. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03712-y. hdl:1871.1/c4f7bd8b-1e9b-49bb-9604-ba873e5a4d52. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34526704. S2CID 237536364.
Borchers Arriagada, Nicolas; Palmer, Andrew J; Bowman, David MJS; Morgan, Geoffrey G; Jalaludin, Bin B; Johnston, Fay H (September 2020). "Unprecedented smoke-related health burden associated with the 2019–20 bushfires in eastern Australia". Medical Journal of Australia. 213 (6): 282–283. doi:10.5694/mja2.50545. ISSN 0025-729X. PMID 32162689. S2CID 212678709.
O'Donnell, M H; Behie, A M (15 November 2015). "Effects of wildfire disaster exposure on male birth weight in an Australian population". Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. 2015 (1): 344–354. doi:10.1093/emph/eov027. ISSN 2050-6201. PMC 4697771. PMID 26574560.

Bushfires in Australia (English Wikipedia)

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