Bystander effect (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Bystander effect" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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29doi.org

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18semanticscholar.org

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18nih.gov

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6psu.edu

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5web.archive.org

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3handle.net

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3channelnewsasia.com

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2worldcat.org

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2npr.org

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2nytimes.com

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2nbcnews.com

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2lancs.ac.uk

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2straitstimes.com

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1clemson.edu

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1books.google.com

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1mit.edu

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1diva-portal.org

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1figshare.com

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1canlii.org

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1planalto.gov.br

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1Gesetze-im-Internet.de

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1go.com

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1richmondconfidential.org

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1mercurynews.com

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1ethicsalarms.com

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1ocregister.com

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1nbcphiladelphia.com

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1whyy.org

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1cnn.com

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1fox29.com

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1mothership.sg

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1todayonline.com

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1mustsharenews.com

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1nscr.nl

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Gesetze-im-Internet.de

WWW.Gesetze-im-Internet.de

§ 323c (1) Strafgesetzbuch (StGB)

books.google.com

Christensen, K. & Levinson, D. (2003). Encyclopedia of community: From the village to the virtual world, Band 1, p. 662.

business-standard.com

IANS (2016-09-24). "Why do bystanders look on as people get stabbed?". Business Standard India. Retrieved 2022-06-24.

canlii.org

Charter of human rights and freedoms Section 2

cbslocal.com

sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com

"Alameda Police Release Memorial Day Drowning 911 Calls". San Francisco. 2011-06-08.

channelnewsasia.com

"Fatal Myanmar maid abuse: More jail time for woman who asked police officer son-in-law to remove CCTV recorder". CNA. 26 June 2023.
"Commentary: Myanmar domestic worker's death and the problem with the bystander effect". CNA. 4 March 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
"Commentary: Pluralistic ignorance and why overcoming it can prevent abuse of domestic workers". CNA. 13 March 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2022.

clemson.edu

See also http://www.clemson.edu/olweus/ for an overview of a use of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program.

cnn.com

Levenson, Eric (2021-10-19). "A woman on a SEPTA train was sexually assaulted while other riders failed to intervene, authorities say". CNN. Retrieved 2021-10-29.

diva-portal.org

liu.diva-portal.org

Thornberg, Robert (2010). "A student in distress: Moral frames and bystander behavior in school". Elementary School Journal. 110 (4): 585–608. doi:10.1086/651197. S2CID 45678618.

doi.org

Philpot, Richard; Liebst, Lasse Suonperä; Levine, Mark; Bernasco, Wim; Lindegaard, Marie Rosenkrantz (2020). "Would I be helped? Cross-national CCTV footage shows that intervention is the norm in public conflicts" (PDF). American Psychologist. 75 (1): 66–75. doi:10.1037/amp0000469. hdl:10871/37604. ISSN 1935-990X. PMID 31157529. S2CID 173993332. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
Hussain, Insiya; Shu, Rui; Tangirala, Subrahmaniam; Ekkirala, Srinivas (2019). "The Voice Bystander Effect: How Information Redundancy Inhibits Employee Voice". Academy of Management Journal. 62 (3): 828–849. doi:10.5465/amj.2017.0245. ISSN 0001-4273. S2CID 149823915.
Bicchieri, Cristina; Fukui, Yoshitaka (1999). "The Great Illusion: Ignorance, Informational Cascades, and the Persistence of Unpopular Norms". Experience, Reality, and Scientific Explanation. The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science. Vol. 61. Springer Netherlands. pp. 89–121. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9191-1_5. ISBN 978-94-015-9191-1. S2CID 66086524.
Darley, J. M. & Latané, B. (1968). "Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 8 (4, Pt.1): 377–383. doi:10.1037/h0025589. PMID 5645600. S2CID 9665680. Archived from the original on 2013-05-07. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
Fischer, Peter; Krueger, Joachim I.; Greitemeyer, Tobias; Vogrincic, Claudia; Kastenmüller, Andreas; Frey, Dieter; Heene, Moritz; Wicher, Magdalena; Kainbacher, Martina (2011). "The bystander-effect: A meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies". Psychological Bulletin. 137 (4): 517–537. doi:10.1037/a0023304. PMID 21534650. S2CID 9855957.
Hudson, James M. & Bruckman, Amy S. (2004). "The Bystander Effect: A Lens for Understanding Patterns of Participation". Journal of the Learning Sciences. 13 (2): 165–195. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.72.4881. doi:10.1207/s15327809jls1302_2. S2CID 16442298.
Faul, M.; Aikman, S. N.; Sasser, S. M. (2016). "Bystander Intervention Prior to The Arrival of Emergency Medical Services: Comparing Assistance across Types of Medical Emergencies". Prehospital Emergency Care. 20 (3): 317–323. doi:10.3109/10903127.2015.1088605. PMC 4933010. PMID 26807490.
Latané, B; Darley, J.M. (1968). "Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 10 (3): 308–324. doi:10.1037/h0026570. PMID 5704479. S2CID 28550502.
Fischer, P.; Greitemeyer, T.; Pollozek, F.; Frey, D. (2006). "The unresponsive bystander: Are bystanders more responsive in dangerous emergencies?". European Journal of Social Psychology. 36 (2): 267–278. doi:10.1002/ejsp.297.
Ross, Abraham (1971). "Effect of increase responsibility on bystander intervention: presence of children". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 19 (3): 306–310. doi:10.1037/h0031459.
Fischer, P; Krueger, JI; Greitemeyer, T; Vogrincic, C; Kastenmüller, A; Frey, D; Heene, M; Wicher, M; Kainbacher, M (2011). "The bystander-effect: a meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies". Psychol Bull. 137 (4): 517–537. doi:10.1037/a0023304. PMID 21534650. S2CID 9855957.
Hart, T.; Miethe, T. (2008). "Exploring Bystander Presence and Intervention in Nonfatal Violent Victimization: When Does Helping Really Help?". Violence and Victims. 23 (5): 637–651. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.23.5.637. hdl:10072/53930. PMID 18958990. S2CID 12862996.
Garcia, S.M.; Weaver, K.; Darley, J.M.; Moskowitz, G.B. (2002). "Crowded minds: the implicit bystander effect". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 83 (4): 843–853. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.4.843. PMID 12374439. S2CID 1818111.
Rutkowski, G. K.; Gruder, C. L.; Romer, D. (1983). "Group cohesiveness, social norms, and bystander intervention". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44 (3): 545–552. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.470.5883. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.3.545.
Levine, Mark; Prosser, A; Evans, D & Reicher, S (1968). "Identity and Emergency Intervention: How social group membership and inclusiveness of group boundaries shape helping behaviours". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 31 (4): 443–453. doi:10.1177/0146167204271651. PMID 15743980. S2CID 7544594.
Levine, Mark; Crowther, Simon (2008). "The Responsive Bystander: How Social Group Membership and Group Size Can Encourage as Well as Inhibit Bystander Intervention". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 95 (6): 1429–1439. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.5138. doi:10.1037/a0012634. PMID 19025293.
Batson, C Daniel; Karen Sager; Eric Garst; Misook Kang; Kostia Rubchinsky; Karen Dawson (September 1997). "Is empathy-induced helping due to self-other merging?". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 73 (3): 495–509. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.3.495.
Darley, J.M.; Latané, B. (1968). "Bystander intervention in emergencies: diffusion of responsibility". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 8 (4): 377–383. doi:10.1037/h0025589. PMID 5645600. S2CID 9665680.
Markey, P.M. (2000). "Bystander intervention in computer-mediated communication". Computers in Human Behavior. 16 (2): 183–188. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.8124. doi:10.1016/S0747-5632(99)00056-4.
Thornberg, R (2007). "A classmate in distress: schoolchildren as bystanders and their reasons for how they act". Social Psychology of Education. 10: 5–28. doi:10.1007/s11218-006-9009-4. S2CID 142159441.
Thornberg, Robert (2010). "A student in distress: Moral frames and bystander behavior in school". Elementary School Journal. 110 (4): 585–608. doi:10.1086/651197. S2CID 45678618.
Colman, A.M. (1991). "Crowd psychology in South African murder trials". American Psychologist. 46 (10): 1071–1079. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.46.10.1071. hdl:2381/467. PMID 1746773.
Ahrens, C. E.; Rich, M. D.; Ullman, J. B. (2011). "Rehearsing for real life: The impact of the InterACT sexual assault prevention program on self-reported likelihood of engaging in bystander interventions". Violence Against Women. 17 (6): 760–776. doi:10.1177/1077801211410212. PMID 21628338. S2CID 27411790.
Coker, A. L.; Cook-Craig, P.; Williams, C. M.; Fisher, B. S.; Clear, E. R.; Garcia, L. S.; Hegge, L. M. (2011). "Evaluation of green dot: An active bystander intervention to reduce sexual violence on college campuses". Violence Against Women. 17 (6): 777–796. doi:10.1177/1077801211410264. PMID 21642269. S2CID 20632584.
Meyer, Doug (2016). "The Gentle Neoliberalism of Modern Anti-bullying Texts: Surveillance, Intervention, and Bystanders in Contemporary Bullying Discourse". Sexuality Research & Social Policy. 13 (4): 356–370. doi:10.1007/s13178-016-0238-9. S2CID 148471672.
Manning, Rachel; Levine, Mark; Collins, Alan (September 2007). "The Kitty Genovese murder and the social psychology of helping: The parable of the 38 witnesses". American Psychologist. 62 (6): 555–562. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.6010. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555. PMID 17874896.
Darley, John M.; Latane, Bibb (1968). "Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 8 (4, Pt.1): 377–383. doi:10.1037/h0025589. PMID 5645600. S2CID 9665680.
Manning, R.; Levine, M.; Collins, A. (2007). "The Kitty Genovese murder and the social psychology of helping: The parable of the 38 witnesses" (PDF). American Psychologist. 62 (6): 555–562. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.6010. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.62.6.555. PMID 17874896. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2008-11-20.

dx.doi.org

Hussain, Insiya; Shu, Rui; Tangirala, Subrahmaniam; Ekkirala, Srinivas (2019). "The Voice Bystander Effect: How Information Redundancy Inhibits Employee Voice". Academy of Management Journal. 62 (3): 828–849. doi:10.5465/amj.2017.0245. ISSN 0001-4273. S2CID 149823915.

ethicsalarms.com

"The Death of Raymond Zack: No Heroes, Only Bystanders". 2011-06-01.

figshare.com

Colman, A.M. (1991). "Crowd psychology in South African murder trials". American Psychologist. 46 (10): 1071–1079. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.46.10.1071. hdl:2381/467. PMID 1746773.

fox29.com

"Narrative of riders filming SEPTA train rape is false, Delaware County DA says". Fox 29. Associated Press. 22 October 2021.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

"How Could People Watch Rape 'Like an Exhibit'?". ABC News. Retrieved 2019-08-22.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Philpot, Richard; Liebst, Lasse Suonperä; Levine, Mark; Bernasco, Wim; Lindegaard, Marie Rosenkrantz (2020). "Would I be helped? Cross-national CCTV footage shows that intervention is the norm in public conflicts" (PDF). American Psychologist. 75 (1): 66–75. doi:10.1037/amp0000469. hdl:10871/37604. ISSN 1935-990X. PMID 31157529. S2CID 173993332. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
Hart, T.; Miethe, T. (2008). "Exploring Bystander Presence and Intervention in Nonfatal Violent Victimization: When Does Helping Really Help?". Violence and Victims. 23 (5): 637–651. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.23.5.637. hdl:10072/53930. PMID 18958990. S2CID 12862996.
Colman, A.M. (1991). "Crowd psychology in South African murder trials". American Psychologist. 46 (10): 1071–1079. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.46.10.1071. hdl:2381/467. PMID 1746773.

kb.se

urn.kb.se

Thornberg, R (2007). "A classmate in distress: schoolchildren as bystanders and their reasons for how they act". Social Psychology of Education. 10: 5–28. doi:10.1007/s11218-006-9009-4. S2CID 142159441.

lancs.ac.uk

eprints.lancs.ac.uk

Philpot, Richard; Liebst, Lasse Suonperä; Levine, Mark; Bernasco, Wim; Lindegaard, Marie Rosenkrantz (2020). "Would I be helped? Cross-national CCTV footage shows that intervention is the norm in public conflicts" (PDF). American Psychologist. 75 (1): 66–75. doi:10.1037/amp0000469. hdl:10871/37604. ISSN 1935-990X. PMID 31157529. S2CID 173993332. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2020-06-05.

psych.lancs.ac.uk

Manning, R.; Levine, M.; Collins, A. (2007). "The Kitty Genovese murder and the social psychology of helping: The parable of the 38 witnesses" (PDF). American Psychologist. 62 (6): 555–562. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.6010. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.62.6.555. PMID 17874896. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2008-11-20.

mercurynews.com

"Richmond High gang rape victim takes the stand". The Mercury News. 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2019-08-22.

mit.edu

web.mit.edu

Rowe, Mary; Wilcox, Linda; Gadlin, Howard (2009). "Dealing with—or Reporting—'Unacceptable' Behavior—with additional thoughts about the 'Bystander Effect'" (PDF). Journal of the International Ombudsman Association. 2 (1): 52–64.

mothership.sg

"Husband of maid killer suspended from S'pore police force since 2016 faces multiple charges". Mothership. Singapore. 24 February 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2022.

mustsharenews.com

"Mother Who Joined Daughter In Abusing Myanmar Helper To Death Gets 14 Years' Jail". Must Share News. 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.

nbcnews.com

Berger, Noah (28 October 2009). "Police: Up to 20 people witnessed gang rape". msnbc.com. Retrieved 2019-08-22 – via Associated Press.
"Riders held up cellphones as woman was raped on Philadelphia train, police say". NBC News. 19 October 2021. Retrieved 2021-10-29.

nbcphiladelphia.com

Sheehan, Brian; McCrone, Brian X. (15 October 2021). "'No One Did Anything': Woman Raped on SEPTA Train and Riders Didn't Call 911, Police Say". NBC10 Philadelphia. Retrieved 2021-10-29.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Philpot, Richard; Liebst, Lasse Suonperä; Levine, Mark; Bernasco, Wim; Lindegaard, Marie Rosenkrantz (2020). "Would I be helped? Cross-national CCTV footage shows that intervention is the norm in public conflicts" (PDF). American Psychologist. 75 (1): 66–75. doi:10.1037/amp0000469. hdl:10871/37604. ISSN 1935-990X. PMID 31157529. S2CID 173993332. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
Darley, J. M. & Latané, B. (1968). "Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 8 (4, Pt.1): 377–383. doi:10.1037/h0025589. PMID 5645600. S2CID 9665680. Archived from the original on 2013-05-07. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
Fischer, Peter; Krueger, Joachim I.; Greitemeyer, Tobias; Vogrincic, Claudia; Kastenmüller, Andreas; Frey, Dieter; Heene, Moritz; Wicher, Magdalena; Kainbacher, Martina (2011). "The bystander-effect: A meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies". Psychological Bulletin. 137 (4): 517–537. doi:10.1037/a0023304. PMID 21534650. S2CID 9855957.
Faul, M.; Aikman, S. N.; Sasser, S. M. (2016). "Bystander Intervention Prior to The Arrival of Emergency Medical Services: Comparing Assistance across Types of Medical Emergencies". Prehospital Emergency Care. 20 (3): 317–323. doi:10.3109/10903127.2015.1088605. PMC 4933010. PMID 26807490.
Latané, B; Darley, J.M. (1968). "Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 10 (3): 308–324. doi:10.1037/h0026570. PMID 5704479. S2CID 28550502.
Fischer, P; Krueger, JI; Greitemeyer, T; Vogrincic, C; Kastenmüller, A; Frey, D; Heene, M; Wicher, M; Kainbacher, M (2011). "The bystander-effect: a meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies". Psychol Bull. 137 (4): 517–537. doi:10.1037/a0023304. PMID 21534650. S2CID 9855957.
Hart, T.; Miethe, T. (2008). "Exploring Bystander Presence and Intervention in Nonfatal Violent Victimization: When Does Helping Really Help?". Violence and Victims. 23 (5): 637–651. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.23.5.637. hdl:10072/53930. PMID 18958990. S2CID 12862996.
Garcia, S.M.; Weaver, K.; Darley, J.M.; Moskowitz, G.B. (2002). "Crowded minds: the implicit bystander effect". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 83 (4): 843–853. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.4.843. PMID 12374439. S2CID 1818111.
Levine, Mark; Prosser, A; Evans, D & Reicher, S (1968). "Identity and Emergency Intervention: How social group membership and inclusiveness of group boundaries shape helping behaviours". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 31 (4): 443–453. doi:10.1177/0146167204271651. PMID 15743980. S2CID 7544594.
Levine, Mark; Crowther, Simon (2008). "The Responsive Bystander: How Social Group Membership and Group Size Can Encourage as Well as Inhibit Bystander Intervention". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 95 (6): 1429–1439. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.5138. doi:10.1037/a0012634. PMID 19025293.
Darley, J.M.; Latané, B. (1968). "Bystander intervention in emergencies: diffusion of responsibility". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 8 (4): 377–383. doi:10.1037/h0025589. PMID 5645600. S2CID 9665680.
Colman, A.M. (1991). "Crowd psychology in South African murder trials". American Psychologist. 46 (10): 1071–1079. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.46.10.1071. hdl:2381/467. PMID 1746773.
Ahrens, C. E.; Rich, M. D.; Ullman, J. B. (2011). "Rehearsing for real life: The impact of the InterACT sexual assault prevention program on self-reported likelihood of engaging in bystander interventions". Violence Against Women. 17 (6): 760–776. doi:10.1177/1077801211410212. PMID 21628338. S2CID 27411790.
Coker, A. L.; Cook-Craig, P.; Williams, C. M.; Fisher, B. S.; Clear, E. R.; Garcia, L. S.; Hegge, L. M. (2011). "Evaluation of green dot: An active bystander intervention to reduce sexual violence on college campuses". Violence Against Women. 17 (6): 777–796. doi:10.1177/1077801211410264. PMID 21642269. S2CID 20632584.
Manning, Rachel; Levine, Mark; Collins, Alan (September 2007). "The Kitty Genovese murder and the social psychology of helping: The parable of the 38 witnesses". American Psychologist. 62 (6): 555–562. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.6010. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555. PMID 17874896.
Darley, John M.; Latane, Bibb (1968). "Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 8 (4, Pt.1): 377–383. doi:10.1037/h0025589. PMID 5645600. S2CID 9665680.
Manning, R.; Levine, M.; Collins, A. (2007). "The Kitty Genovese murder and the social psychology of helping: The parable of the 38 witnesses" (PDF). American Psychologist. 62 (6): 555–562. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.6010. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.62.6.555. PMID 17874896. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2008-11-20.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Faul, M.; Aikman, S. N.; Sasser, S. M. (2016). "Bystander Intervention Prior to The Arrival of Emergency Medical Services: Comparing Assistance across Types of Medical Emergencies". Prehospital Emergency Care. 20 (3): 317–323. doi:10.3109/10903127.2015.1088605. PMC 4933010. PMID 26807490.

npr.org

Langfitt, Frank (1 September 2014). "Why Did Crowd Flee Shanghai Subway After Foreigner Fainted?". NPR. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
"What Bystanders Do When They Witness Violence". NPR.org. Retrieved 2019-08-22.

nscr.nl

"Bystander effect in street disputes disquestioned". Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement. NSCR.NL. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2020.

nytimes.com

Gansberg, Martin (March 27, 1964). "37 Who Saw Murder Didn't Call the Police". The New York Times. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
McFadden, Robert D. (April 4, 2016). "Winston Moseley, 81, Killer of Kitty Genovese, Dies in Prison". The New York Times..

ocregister.com

letters.ocregister.com

"Such callous disregard for life". Orange County. 2011-06-10. Archived from the original on 2011-06-11.

planalto.gov.br

"DEL2848". Planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 2011-10-27.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Hudson, James M. & Bruckman, Amy S. (2004). "The Bystander Effect: A Lens for Understanding Patterns of Participation". Journal of the Learning Sciences. 13 (2): 165–195. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.72.4881. doi:10.1207/s15327809jls1302_2. S2CID 16442298.
Rutkowski, G. K.; Gruder, C. L.; Romer, D. (1983). "Group cohesiveness, social norms, and bystander intervention". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44 (3): 545–552. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.470.5883. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.3.545.
Levine, Mark; Crowther, Simon (2008). "The Responsive Bystander: How Social Group Membership and Group Size Can Encourage as Well as Inhibit Bystander Intervention". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 95 (6): 1429–1439. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.5138. doi:10.1037/a0012634. PMID 19025293.
Markey, P.M. (2000). "Bystander intervention in computer-mediated communication". Computers in Human Behavior. 16 (2): 183–188. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.8124. doi:10.1016/S0747-5632(99)00056-4.
Manning, Rachel; Levine, Mark; Collins, Alan (September 2007). "The Kitty Genovese murder and the social psychology of helping: The parable of the 38 witnesses". American Psychologist. 62 (6): 555–562. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.6010. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.6.555. PMID 17874896.
Manning, R.; Levine, M.; Collins, A. (2007). "The Kitty Genovese murder and the social psychology of helping: The parable of the 38 witnesses" (PDF). American Psychologist. 62 (6): 555–562. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.210.6010. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.62.6.555. PMID 17874896. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2008-11-20.

richmondconfidential.org

"Knowledge – not emotion – stops rape". Richmond Confidential. 2009-11-05. Retrieved 2019-08-22.

salon.com

"Blaming the gang rape victim". Salon. 2009-10-30. Retrieved 2019-08-22.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Philpot, Richard; Liebst, Lasse Suonperä; Levine, Mark; Bernasco, Wim; Lindegaard, Marie Rosenkrantz (2020). "Would I be helped? Cross-national CCTV footage shows that intervention is the norm in public conflicts" (PDF). American Psychologist. 75 (1): 66–75. doi:10.1037/amp0000469. hdl:10871/37604. ISSN 1935-990X. PMID 31157529. S2CID 173993332. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
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Philpot, Richard; Liebst, Lasse Suonperä; Levine, Mark; Bernasco, Wim; Lindegaard, Marie Rosenkrantz (2020). "Would I be helped? Cross-national CCTV footage shows that intervention is the norm in public conflicts" (PDF). American Psychologist. 75 (1): 66–75. doi:10.1037/amp0000469. hdl:10871/37604. ISSN 1935-990X. PMID 31157529. S2CID 173993332. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
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