Byzantine Greeks (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Byzantine Greeks" in English language version.

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Kaplanis 2014, pp. 88, 97 Kaplanis, Tassos (2014). "Antique Names and Self-Identification: Hellenes, Graikoi, and Romaioi from Late Byzantium to the Greek Nation-State". In Tziovas, Dimitris (ed.). Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 81–97.
Kaplanis 2014, pp. 86–7 Kaplanis, Tassos (2014). "Antique Names and Self-Identification: Hellenes, Graikoi, and Romaioi from Late Byzantium to the Greek Nation-State". In Tziovas, Dimitris (ed.). Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 81–97.
Jakobsson, Sverrir. (2016). The Varangian Legend. Testimony from the Old Norse sources. pp. 346–361 [1]
Malatras 2011, pp. 421–2 Malatras, Christos (2011). "The Making of an Ethnic Group: The Romaioi in 12th–13th Century". In K. A. Dimadis (ed.). Ταυτότητες στον ελληνικό κόσμο (από το 1204 έως σήμερα. Δ΄ Ευρωπαϊκό Συνέδριο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών, Γρανάδα, 9–12 Σεπτεμβρίου 2010. Πρακτικά. Vol. 3. Athens: European Association of Modern Greek Studies. pp. 419–430.
Kaplanis 2014, p. 92. Kaplanis, Tassos (2014). "Antique Names and Self-Identification: Hellenes, Graikoi, and Romaioi from Late Byzantium to the Greek Nation-State". In Tziovas, Dimitris (ed.). Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 81–97.
Malatras 2011, pp. 425–7 Malatras, Christos (2011). "The Making of an Ethnic Group: The Romaioi in 12th–13th Century". In K. A. Dimadis (ed.). Ταυτότητες στον ελληνικό κόσμο (από το 1204 έως σήμερα. Δ΄ Ευρωπαϊκό Συνέδριο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών, Γρανάδα, 9–12 Σεπτεμβρίου 2010. Πρακτικά. Vol. 3. Athens: European Association of Modern Greek Studies. pp. 419–430.
Kaplanis 2014, pp. 91–2. Kaplanis, Tassos (2014). "Antique Names and Self-Identification: Hellenes, Graikoi, and Romaioi from Late Byzantium to the Greek Nation-State". In Tziovas, Dimitris (ed.). Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 81–97.

archive.org

Dawkins, R.M. 1916. Modern Greek in Asia Minor. A study of dialect of Silly, Cappadocia and Pharasa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Stouraitis 2014, pp. 176, 177, Stouraitis 2017, p. 70, Kaldellis 2007, p. 113 Stouraitis, Ioannis (2014). "Roman Identity in Byzantium: A Critical Approach". Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 107 (1): 175–220. doi:10.1515/bz-2014-0009. Stouraitis, Yannis (2017). "Reinventing Roman Ethnicity in High and Late Medieval Byzantium" (PDF). Medieval Worlds. 5: 70–94. doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no5_2017s70. Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87688-9.
Kaldellis 2007, pp. 42–43 Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87688-9.
Merry 2004, p. 376; Institute for Neohellenic Research 2005, p. 8; Kakavas 2002, p. 29 Merry, Bruce (2004). Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30813-0. Institute for Neohellenic Research (2005). The Historical Review. Vol. II. Athens: Institute for Neohellenic Research. Kakavas, George (2002). Post-Byzantium: The Greek Renaissance 15th–18th Century Treasures from the Byzantine & Christian Museum, Athens. Athens: Hellenic Ministry of Culture. ISBN 978-960-214-053-6.
Harrison 2002, p. 268: "Roman, Greek (if not used in its sense of 'pagan') and Christian became synonymous terms, counterposed to 'foreigner', 'barbarian', 'infidel'. The citizens of the Empire, now predominantly of Greek ethnicity and language, were often called simply ό χριστώνυμος λαός ['the people who bear Christ's name']." Harrison, Thomas (2002). Greeks and Barbarians. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-93958-4.
Earl 1968, p. 148. Earl, Donald C. (1968). The Age of Augustus. New York: Exeter Books (Paul Elek Productions Incorporated).
Angelov 2007, p. 96 (including footnote #67); Makrides 2009, Chapter 2: "Christian Monotheism, Orthodox Christianity, Greek Orthodoxy", p. 74; Magdalino 1991, Chapter XIV: "Hellenism and Nationalism in Byzantium", p. 10. Angelov, Dimiter (2007). Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium (1204–1330). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85703-1. Makrides, Vasilios (2009). Hellenic Temples and Christian Churches: A Concise History of the Religious Cultures of Greece from Antiquity to the Present. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9568-2. Magdalino, Paul (1991). Tradition and Transformation in Medieval Byzantium. Aldershot: Variorum. ISBN 978-0-86078-295-7.
Cameron 2009, p. 7. Cameron, Averil (2009). The Byzantines. Oxford: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-9833-2.
Ostrogorsky 1969, p. 2. Ostrogorsky, George (1969). History of the Byzantine State. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-1198-6.
Doumanis 2014, p. 210 Doumanis, Nicholas (2014). "14 The Ottoman Roman Empire, c. 1680–1900: How Empires Shaped a Modern Nation". In Aldrich, Robert; McKenzie, Kirsten (eds.). The Routledge History of Western Empires. London and New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group). pp. 208–221. ISBN 9781317999874.
Herrin, Judith; Saint-Guillain, Guillaume (2011). Identities and Allegiances in the Eastern Mediterranean After 1204. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 111. ISBN 9781409410980.
Cavallo 1997, p. 2. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 15. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 16. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 18. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, pp. 15, 17. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, pp. 21–22. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, pp. 19, 25. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 43. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 44. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 45. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Harvey 1989, pp. 103–104; Cavallo 1997, pp. 44–45. Harvey, Alan (1989). Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire, 900–1200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52190-1. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 47. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 49. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 51. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 55. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 56. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 74. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 75. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 76. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 77. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 80. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 81. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 95. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Rautman 2006, p. 282: "Unlike the early medieval West, where education took place mainly in monasteries, rudimentary literacy was widespread in Byzantine society as a whole." Rautman, Marcus (2006). Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32437-6.
Browning 1989, VII Literacy in the Byzantine World, pp. 39–54; Browning 1993, pp. 63–84. Browning, Robert (1989). History, Language and Literacy in the Byzantine World. Northampton: Variorum Reprints. ISBN 9780860782476. Browning, Robert (1993). "Further Reflections on Literacy in the Byzantine World". In John S. Langdon; et al. (eds.). ΤΟ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΝ: Studies in Honor of Speros Vryonis, Jr: Vol. 1: Hellenic Antiquity and Byzantium. New Rochelle, NY: Artistide D. Caratzas. pp. 63–84.
Cavallo 1997, p. 96. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 97. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 117. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 118. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 119. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, pp. 119–120. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 120. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 121. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 124. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 125. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 127. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Cavallo 1997, p. 128. Cavallo, Guglielmo (1997). The Byzantines. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-09792-3.
Rautman 2006, p. 26. Rautman, Marcus (2006). Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32437-6.
Grierson 1999, p. 8. Grierson, Philip (1999). Byzantine Coinage. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-274-9.
Laiou & Morrisson 2007, p. 139. Laiou, Angeliki E.; Morrisson, Cécile (2007). The Byzantine Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84978-4.
Laiou & Morrisson 2007, p. 140. Laiou, Angeliki E.; Morrisson, Cécile (2007). The Byzantine Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84978-4.
Laiou & Morrisson 2007, p. 141. Laiou, Angeliki E.; Morrisson, Cécile (2007). The Byzantine Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84978-4.
Laiou & Morrisson 2007, p. 142. Laiou, Angeliki E.; Morrisson, Cécile (2007). The Byzantine Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84978-4.
Rautman 2006, p. 23. Rautman, Marcus (2006). Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32437-6.
Rautman 2006, p. 24. Rautman, Marcus (2006). Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32437-6.
Hamilton 2003, p. 59. Hamilton, Bernard (2003). The Christian World of the Middle Ages. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Pub. ISBN 978-0-7509-2405-4.
Alexiou 2001, p. 22. Alexiou, Margaret (2001). After Antiquity: Greek Language, Myth, and Metaphor. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3301-6.
Goldhill 2006, pp. 272–273. Goldhill, Simon (2006). Being Greek under Rome: Cultural Identity, the Second Sophistic and the Development of Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-03087-8.
Alexiou 2001, p. 23. Alexiou, Margaret (2001). After Antiquity: Greek Language, Myth, and Metaphor. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3301-6.
Alexiou 2001, p. 24. Alexiou, Margaret (2001). After Antiquity: Greek Language, Myth, and Metaphor. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3301-6.
Adrados 2005, p. 226. Adrados, Francisco Rodriguez (2005). A History of the Greek Language: From its Origins to the Present. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-12835-4.
Mango 2002, p. 96. Mango, Cyril A. (2002). The Oxford History of Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814098-6.
Mango 2002, p. 101. Mango, Cyril A. (2002). The Oxford History of Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814098-6.
Mango 2002, p. 105. Mango, Cyril A. (2002). The Oxford History of Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814098-6.
Mango 2002, p. 111. Mango, Cyril A. (2002). The Oxford History of Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814098-6.
Meyendorff 1982, p. 13. Meyendorff, John (1982). The Byzantine Legacy in the Orthodox Church. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-913836-90-3.
Meyendorff 1982, p. 19. Meyendorff, John (1982). The Byzantine Legacy in the Orthodox Church. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-913836-90-3.
Meyendorff 1982, p. 130. Meyendorff, John (1982). The Byzantine Legacy in the Orthodox Church. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-913836-90-3.
For statements of this view, see, for example, Niehoff 2012, Margalit Finkelberg, "Canonising and Decanonising Homer: Reception of the Homeric Poems in Antiquity and Modernity", p. 20 or Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum 2003, p. 482: "As heirs to the Greeks and Romans of old, the Byzantines thought of themselves as Rhomaioi, or Romans, though they knew full well that they were ethnically Greeks." (see also: Savvides & Hendricks 2001). Niehoff, Maren R. (2012). Homer and the Bible in the Eyes of Ancient Interpreters. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9-00-422134-5. Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum (2003). Orientalia Christiana Periodica, Volume 69. Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum. Savvides, Alexios G. C.; Hendricks, Benjamin (2001). Introducing Byzantine History (A Manual for Beginners). Paris: University Hêrodotos. ISBN 978-2-911859-13-7.
Stouraitis 2017, p. 70. Kaldellis 2007, p. 113: "the Byzantine were Romans who happened to speak Greek and not Greeks who happened to call themselves Romans". Stouraitis, Yannis (2017). "Reinventing Roman Ethnicity in High and Late Medieval Byzantium" (PDF). Medieval Worlds. 5: 70–94. doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no5_2017s70. Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87688-9.
Ahrweiler & Laiou 1998, pp. 2–3. Ahrweiler, Hélène; Laiou, Angeliki E. (1998). Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. ISBN 978-0-88402-247-3.
Kaldellis 2007, p. 66: "Just as the Byzantines referred to foreign peoples by classical names, making the Goths into Skythians and the Arabs into Medes, so too did they regularly call themselves Ausones, an ancient name for the original inhabitants of Italy. This was the standard classicizing name that the Byzantines used for themselves, not 'Hellenes.'" Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87688-9.
Baynes & Moss 1948, "Introduction", p. xx; Ostrogorsky 1969, p. 27; Kaldellis 2007, pp. 2–3; Kazhdan & Constable 1982, p. 12. Baynes, Norman Hepburn; Moss, Henry St. Lawrence Beaufort (1948). Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Ostrogorsky, George (1969). History of the Byzantine State. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-1198-6. Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87688-9. Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich; Constable, Giles (1982). People and Power in Byzantium: An Introduction to Modern Byzantine Studies. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-103-2.
Kazhdan & Constable 1982, p. 12; Runciman 1970, p. 14; Kitzinger 1967, "Introduction", p. x: "All through the Middle Ages the Byzantines considered themselves the guardians and heirs of the Hellenic tradition." Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich; Constable, Giles (1982). People and Power in Byzantium: An Introduction to Modern Byzantine Studies. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-103-2. Runciman, Steven (1970). The Last Byzantine Renaissance. London and New York: Cambridge University Press. Kitzinger, Ernst (1967). Handbook of the Byzantine Collection. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-025-7.
Kazhdan & Constable 1982, p. 12; Runciman 1970, p. 14; Haldon 1999, p. 7. Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich; Constable, Giles (1982). People and Power in Byzantium: An Introduction to Modern Byzantine Studies. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-103-2. Runciman, Steven (1970). The Last Byzantine Renaissance. London and New York: Cambridge University Press. Haldon, John (1999). Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204. London: UCL Press. ISBN 1-85728-495-X.
Browning 1992, "Introduction", p. xiii: "The Byzantines did not call themselves Byzantines, but Romaioi—Romans. They were well aware of their role as heirs of the Roman Empire, which for many centuries had united under a single government the whole Mediterranean world and much that was outside it." Browning, Robert (1992). The Byzantine Empire. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-0754-4.
Kazhdan & Constable 1982, p. 12 Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich; Constable, Giles (1982). People and Power in Byzantium: An Introduction to Modern Byzantine Studies. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0-88402-103-2.
Runciman 1985, p. 119. Runciman, Steven (1985). The Great Church in Captivity: A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-31310-0.
Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 804–805. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
Makrides 2009, p. 136. Makrides, Vasilios (2009). Hellenic Temples and Christian Churches: A Concise History of the Religious Cultures of Greece from Antiquity to the Present. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9568-2.
Ciggaar 1996, p. 14. Ciggaar, Krijnie (1996). Western Travellers to Constantinople: The West and Byzantium, 962–1204: Cultural and Political Relations. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10637-6.
Ahrweiler & Laiou 1998, pp. vii–viii. Ahrweiler, Hélène; Laiou, Angeliki E. (1998). Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. ISBN 978-0-88402-247-3.
Mango 1980, p. 30. Mango, Cyril A. (1980). Byzantium, The Empire of New Rome. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-16768-8.
Ahrweiler & Aymard 2000, p. 150. Ahrweiler, Hélène; Aymard, Maurice (2000). Les Européens. Paris: Hermann. ISBN 978-2-7056-6409-1.
Millar, Cotton & Rogers 2004, p. 297. Millar, Fergus; Cotton, Hannah; Rogers, Guy MacLean (2004). Rome, The Greek World, and the East. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-5520-1.
Beaton 1996, p. 9. Beaton, Roderick (1996). The Medieval Greek Romance. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-12033-3.
Speck & Takács 2003, pp. 280–281. Speck, Paul; Takács, Sarolta A. (2003). Understanding Byzantium: Studies in Byzantine Historical Sources. Aldershot: Ashgate/Variorum. ISBN 978-0-86078-691-7.
Hilsdale, Cecily J. (2014). Byzantine Art and Diplomacy in an Age of Decline. Cambridge University Press. p. 84. ISBN 9781107729384.
Angold 2000, p. 528. Angold, Michael (2000) [1995]. Church and Society in Byzantium under the Comneni, 1081–1261. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26986-5.
Fouracre & Gerberding 1996, p. 345: "The Frankish court no longer regarded the Byzantine Empire as holding valid claims of universality; instead it was now termed the 'Empire of the Greeks'." Fouracre, Paul; Gerberding, Richard A. (1996). Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-4791-6.
Runciman 1988, p. 9. Runciman, Steven (1988) [1929]. The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and His Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35722-7.
Haleem 2005, "30. The Byzantines (Al-Rum)", pp. 257–260. Haleem, M.A.S. Abdel (2005) [2004]. The Qurʼan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192831934.
Lewis 2000, p. 9: "The Anatolian peninsula which had belonged to the Byzantine, or eastern Roman empire, had only relatively recently been conquered by Muslims and even when it came to be controlled by Turkish Muslim rulers, it was still known to Arabs, Persians and Turks as the geographical area of Rum. As such, there are a number of historical personages born in or associated with Anatolia known as Rumi, literally "from Rome." Lewis, Franklin (2000). Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi. London: Oneworld Publication. ISBN 9781851682140.
Har-El 1995, p. 195. Har-El, Shai (1995). Struggle for Domination in the Middle East: The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485–1491. Leiden: E.J. Brill. ISBN 9789004101807.
Vryonis 1971. Vryonis, Speros (1971). The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-52-001597-5.
Kaldellis 2007, pp. 42–43. Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87688-9.

brill.com

Biliarsky, Ivan (2013). The Tale of the Prophet Isaiah. Leiden: Brill. p. 18.

britannica.com

"Education: The Byzantine Empire". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
"Caesaropapism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.

crusades-encyclopedia.com

Holt, Andrew (January 2005). "Massacre of Latins in Constantinople, 1182". Crusades-Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2009. It is said that more than four thousand Latins of various age, sex, and condition were delivered thus to barbarous nations for a price. In such fashion did the perfidious Greek nation, a brood of vipers, like a serpent in the bosom or a mouse in the wardrobe evilly requite their guests—those who had not deserved such treatment and were far from anticipating anything of the kind; those to whom they had given their daughters, nieces, and sisters as wives and who, by long living together, had become their friends.

doi.org

Stouraitis 2014, pp. 176, 177, Stouraitis 2017, p. 70, Kaldellis 2007, p. 113 Stouraitis, Ioannis (2014). "Roman Identity in Byzantium: A Critical Approach". Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 107 (1): 175–220. doi:10.1515/bz-2014-0009. Stouraitis, Yannis (2017). "Reinventing Roman Ethnicity in High and Late Medieval Byzantium" (PDF). Medieval Worlds. 5: 70–94. doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no5_2017s70. Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87688-9.
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Angold 1975, p. 65 Angold, Michael (1975). "Byzantine 'Nationalism' and the Nicaean Empire". Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 1 (1): 49–70. doi:10.1179/030701375790158257. S2CID 161584160.
Ziche, Hartmut (1 January 2017), "Historians and the Economy: Zosimos and Prokopios on Fifth- and Sixth- Century Economie Development", Byzantine Narrative, BRILL, pp. 462–474, doi:10.1163/9789004344877_036, ISBN 9789004344877, retrieved 13 March 2022
Stouraitis 2014, pp. 196–197. Stouraitis, Ioannis (2014). "Roman Identity in Byzantium: A Critical Approach". Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 107 (1): 175–220. doi:10.1515/bz-2014-0009.
Stouraitis 2014, pp. 176, 177 The main lines of thinking in the research on medieval Eastern Roman iden-tity could be roughly summarized as follows: The first, extensively influenced by the retrospective Modern Greek national discourse, approaches this identity as the medieval form of the perennial Greek national identity. The second, which could be regarded as preponderant within the field, albeit by no means monolithically concordant in its various utterances, speaks of a multi-ethnic im-perial state at least up to the twelfth century, the average subject of which identified as Roman. The third, and more recent, approach dismissed the supposition of a multi-ethnic empire and suggested that Byzantium should be regarded as a pre-modern Nation-State in which Romanness had the traits of national identity. Stouraitis, Ioannis (2014). "Roman Identity in Byzantium: A Critical Approach". Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 107 (1): 175–220. doi:10.1515/bz-2014-0009.
Stouraitis 2017, p. 70. Kaldellis 2007, p. 113: "the Byzantine were Romans who happened to speak Greek and not Greeks who happened to call themselves Romans". Stouraitis, Yannis (2017). "Reinventing Roman Ethnicity in High and Late Medieval Byzantium" (PDF). Medieval Worlds. 5: 70–94. doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no5_2017s70. Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87688-9.
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Ziche, Hartmut (1 January 2017), "Historians and the Economy: Zosimos and Prokopios on Fifth- and Sixth- Century Economie Development", Byzantine Narrative, BRILL, pp. 462–474, doi:10.1163/9789004344877_036, ISBN 9789004344877, retrieved 13 March 2022

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Stouraitis 2014, pp. 176, 177, Stouraitis 2017, p. 70, Kaldellis 2007, p. 113 Stouraitis, Ioannis (2014). "Roman Identity in Byzantium: A Critical Approach". Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 107 (1): 175–220. doi:10.1515/bz-2014-0009. Stouraitis, Yannis (2017). "Reinventing Roman Ethnicity in High and Late Medieval Byzantium" (PDF). Medieval Worlds. 5: 70–94. doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no5_2017s70. Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87688-9.
Stouraitis 2017, p. 70. Kaldellis 2007, p. 113: "the Byzantine were Romans who happened to speak Greek and not Greeks who happened to call themselves Romans". Stouraitis, Yannis (2017). "Reinventing Roman Ethnicity in High and Late Medieval Byzantium" (PDF). Medieval Worlds. 5: 70–94. doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no5_2017s70. Kaldellis, Anthony (2007). Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87688-9.

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Angold 1975, p. 65 Angold, Michael (1975). "Byzantine 'Nationalism' and the Nicaean Empire". Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 1 (1): 49–70. doi:10.1179/030701375790158257. S2CID 161584160.
Mango 1965, p. 33. Mango, Cyril (1965). "Byzantinism and Romantic Hellenism". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 28: 29–43. doi:10.2307/750662. JSTOR 750662. S2CID 195042286.
Angold 1975, p. 65: "The new usage of 'Hellene' was limited to a small circle of scholars at the Nicaean court and emphasized the cultural identity of the Byzantines as the heirs of the 'Ancient Hellenes'". Page 2008, p. 127: "it is important to appreciate that this was a limited phenomenon. The examples of self-identifying Hellenism are actually quite few and do not extend beyond the absolute elite of Nikaia, where the terminology of Rhomaios also maintained its hold". Angold, Michael (1975). "Byzantine 'Nationalism' and the Nicaean Empire". Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 1 (1): 49–70. doi:10.1179/030701375790158257. S2CID 161584160. Page, Gill (2008). Being Byzantine: Greek Identity Before the Ottomans, 1200–1420. Cambridge University Press.
Voutira 2006, p. 384. Voutira, Eftihia A. (2006). "Post-Soviet Diaspora Politics: The Case of the Soviet Greeks". Journal of Modern Greek Studies. 24 (2): 379–414. doi:10.1353/mgs.2006.0029. S2CID 143703201.

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^{[Quran 30:2–5]}

web.archive.org

Holt, Andrew (January 2005). "Massacre of Latins in Constantinople, 1182". Crusades-Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2009. It is said that more than four thousand Latins of various age, sex, and condition were delivered thus to barbarous nations for a price. In such fashion did the perfidious Greek nation, a brood of vipers, like a serpent in the bosom or a mouse in the wardrobe evilly requite their guests—those who had not deserved such treatment and were far from anticipating anything of the kind; those to whom they had given their daughters, nieces, and sisters as wives and who, by long living together, had become their friends.