CLU (programming language) (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "CLU (programming language)" in English language version.

Last modified: 18:53:47, 16 June 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

106doi.org

2^nd place

43web.archive.org

1^st place

42psu.edu

299^th place

159^th place

42semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

21mit.edu

476^th place

340^th place

11github.com

380^th place

337^th place

11softwareheritage.org

low place

11woodsheep.jp

low place

11effbot.org

low place

11nondot.org

low place

11zactra.com

low place

11lua.org

low place

11appfolio.com

low place

11python.org

4,399^th place

3,941^st place

appfolio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

engineering.appfolio.com

"Ruby's Roots and Matz's Leadership". Appfolio Engineering. 2019-11-08. Retrieved 2019-11-15. Matz feels that blocks are the greatest invention of Ruby (I agree.) He got the idea from a 1970s language called CLU from MIT, which called them 'iterators'...

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Stroustrup, Bjarne (1996). A History of C++: 1979--1991. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 699–769. doi:10.1145/234286.1057836. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
Liskov, Barbara; Zilles, Stephen (1974). "Programming with abstract data types". Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Very high level languages. pp. 50–59. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.136.3043. doi:10.1145/800233.807045. {{cite conference}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Liskov, B.; Snyder, A.; Atkinson, R.; Schaffert, C. (August 1977). "Abstraction mechanisms in CLU". Communications of the ACM. 20 (8): 564–576. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.112.656. doi:10.1145/359763.359789. S2CID 17343380. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Liskov, B.; Atkinson, R.; Bloom, T.; Moss, E.; Schaffert, J.C.; Scheifler, R.; Snyder, A. (1981). CLU Reference Manual. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 114. Springer. doi:10.1007/BFb0035014. ISBN 9783540108368. S2CID 27382594.
Barron, D. W.; Buxton, J. N.; Hartley, D. F.; Nixon, E.; Strachey, C. (1963). "The main features of CPL". Computer Journal. 6 (2): 134–143. doi:10.1093/comjnl/6.2.134.
Ierusalimschy, R.; De Figueiredo, L. H.; Celes, W. (2007). "The evolution of Lua" (PDF). Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages – HOPL III. pp. 2-1 – 2-26. doi:10.1145/1238844.1238846. ISBN 978-1-59593-766-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-07-03.

effbot.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lundh, Fredrik. "Call By Object". effbot.org. Archived from the original on 23 November 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2017. replace "CLU" with "Python", "record" with "instance", and "procedure" with "function or method", and you get a pretty accurate description of Python's object model.

github.com (Global: 380^th place; English: 337^th place)

"CLU files, 1976–1989". Tapes of Tech Square (ToTS) collection, MC-0741. Department of Distinctive Collections, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. swh:1:dir:5dc935d1c236b15a99b0750cf236b2d89ec951d0.

lua.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ierusalimschy, R.; De Figueiredo, L. H.; Celes, W. (2007). "The evolution of Lua" (PDF). Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages – HOPL III. pp. 2-1 – 2-26. doi:10.1145/1238844.1238846. ISBN 978-1-59593-766-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-07-03.

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

pmg.csail.mit.edu

Curtis, Dorothy (2009-11-06). "CLU home page". Programming Methodology Group, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2016-05-26.

nondot.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lattner, Chris (2014-06-03). "Chris Lattner's Homepage". Chris Lattner. Retrieved 2014-06-03. The Swift language is the product of tireless effort from a team of language experts, documentation gurus, compiler optimization ninjas, and an incredibly important internal dogfooding group who provided feedback to help refine and battle-test ideas. Of course, it also greatly benefited from the experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Liskov, Barbara; Zilles, Stephen (1974). "Programming with abstract data types". Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Very high level languages. pp. 50–59. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.136.3043. doi:10.1145/800233.807045. {{cite conference}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Liskov, B.; Snyder, A.; Atkinson, R.; Schaffert, C. (August 1977). "Abstraction mechanisms in CLU". Communications of the ACM. 20 (8): 564–576. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.112.656. doi:10.1145/359763.359789. S2CID 17343380. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

python.org (Global: 4,399^th place; English: 3,941^st place)

docs.python.org

"Functional Programming HOWTO — Python 3.8.3 documentation". docs.python.org. Retrieved 2020-05-25.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Liskov, B.; Snyder, A.; Atkinson, R.; Schaffert, C. (August 1977). "Abstraction mechanisms in CLU". Communications of the ACM. 20 (8): 564–576. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.112.656. doi:10.1145/359763.359789. S2CID 17343380. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Liskov, B.; Atkinson, R.; Bloom, T.; Moss, E.; Schaffert, J.C.; Scheifler, R.; Snyder, A. (1981). CLU Reference Manual. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 114. Springer. doi:10.1007/BFb0035014. ISBN 9783540108368. S2CID 27382594.

softwareheritage.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.softwareheritage.org

"CLU files, 1976–1989". Tapes of Tech Square (ToTS) collection, MC-0741. Department of Distinctive Collections, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. swh:1:dir:5dc935d1c236b15a99b0750cf236b2d89ec951d0.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Curtis, Dorothy (2009-11-06). "Index of /pub/pclu". Programming Methodology Group, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
Lundh, Fredrik. "Call By Object". effbot.org. Archived from the original on 23 November 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2017. replace "CLU" with "Python", "record" with "instance", and "procedure" with "function or method", and you get a pretty accurate description of Python's object model.
Ierusalimschy, R.; De Figueiredo, L. H.; Celes, W. (2007). "The evolution of Lua" (PDF). Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages – HOPL III. pp. 2-1 – 2-26. doi:10.1145/1238844.1238846. ISBN 978-1-59593-766-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-07-03.

woodsheep.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ushijima, Tetsu. "clu2c". clu2c. woodsheep.jp. Retrieved 2016-05-26.

zactra.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"CLU emerged during a time when software developers faced growing challenges in managing complexity and ensuring reliability in large systems. Barbara Liskov, along with her team at MIT". Zactra Technologies Inc. 2024-12-02. Retrieved 2025-06-23.

CLU (programming language) (English Wikipedia)

appfolio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

engineering.appfolio.com

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

effbot.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

github.com (Global: 380th place; English: 337th place)

lua.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

mit.edu (Global: 476th place; English: 340th place)

pmg.csail.mit.edu

nondot.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

psu.edu (Global: 299th place; English: 159th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

python.org (Global: 4,399th place; English: 3,941st place)

docs.python.org

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

softwareheritage.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.softwareheritage.org

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

woodsheep.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

zactra.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

github.com (Global: 380^th place; English: 337^th place)

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

python.org (Global: 4,399^th place; English: 3,941^st place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)