CYP1A2 (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "CYP1A2" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

31nih.gov

4^th place

19doi.org

2^nd place

10web.archive.org

1^st place

5semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

3fda.gov

447^th place

338^th place

2ensembl.org

1,626^th place

1,007^th place

1pharmvar.org

low place

1sydney.edu.au

8,221^st place

5,446^th place

1iu.edu

3,316^th place

1,982^nd place

1fass.se

low place

1drugs.com

399^th place

333^rd place

1uptodate.com

3,771^st place

2,605^th place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

doi.org

Nelson DR, Zeldin DC, Hoffman SM, Maltais LJ, Wain HM, Nebert DW (January 2004). "Comparison of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from the mouse and human genomes, including nomenclature recommendations for genes, pseudogenes and alternative-splice variants". Pharmacogenetics. 14 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1097/00008571-200401000-00001. PMID 15128046. S2CID 18448751.
Westphal C, Konkel A, Schunck WH (November 2011). "CYP-eicosanoids--a new link between omega-3 fatty acids and cardiac disease?". Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators. 96 (1–4): 99–108. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.09.001. PMID 21945326.
Fleming I (October 2014). "The pharmacology of the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase axis in the vasculature and cardiovascular disease". Pharmacological Reviews. 66 (4): 1106–1140. doi:10.1124/pr.113.007781. PMID 25244930.
Zhang G, Kodani S, Hammock BD (January 2014). "Stabilized epoxygenated fatty acids regulate inflammation, pain, angiogenesis and cancer". Progress in Lipid Research. 53: 108–123. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2013.11.003. PMC 3914417. PMID 24345640.
He J, Wang C, Zhu Y, Ai D (May 2016). "Soluble epoxide hydrolase: A potential target for metabolic diseases". Journal of Diabetes. 8 (3): 305–313. doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12358. PMID 26621325.
Wagner K, Vito S, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD (October 2014). "The role of long chain fatty acids and their epoxide metabolites in nociceptive signaling". Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators. 113–115: 2–12. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.09.001. PMC 4254344. PMID 25240260.
Fischer R, Konkel A, Mehling H, Blossey K, Gapelyuk A, Wessel N, von Schacky C, Dechend R, Muller DN, Rothe M, Luft FC, Weylandt K, Schunck WH (June 2014). "Dietary omega-3 fatty acids modulate the eicosanoid profile in man primarily via the CYP-epoxygenase pathway". Journal of Lipid Research. 55 (6): 1150–1164. doi:10.1194/jlr.M047357. PMC 4031946. PMID 24634501.
Fontana RJ, Lown KS, Paine MF, Fortlage L, Santella RM, Felton JS, Knize MG, Greenberg A, Watkins PB (July 1999). "Effects of a chargrilled meat diet on expression of CYP3A, CYP1A, and P-glycoprotein levels in healthy volunteers". Gastroenterology. 117 (1): 89–98. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70554-8. PMID 10381914.
Cornelis MC, El-Sohemy A, Kabagambe EK, Campos H (March 2006). "Coffee, CYP1A2 genotype, and risk of myocardial infarction". JAMA. 295 (10): 1135–1141. doi:10.1001/jama.295.10.1135. PMID 16522833.
Sousa MC, Braga RC, Cintra BA, de Oliveira V, Andrade CH (2013). "In silico metabolism studies of dietary flavonoids by CYP1A2 and CYP2C9". Food Research International. 50: 102–110. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2012.09.027.
Alkattan A, Alsalameen E (June 2021). "Polymorphisms of genes related to phase-I metabolic enzymes affecting the clinical efficacy and safety of clopidogrel treatment". Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology. 17 (6): 685–695. doi:10.1080/17425255.2021.1925249. PMID 33931001. S2CID 233470717.
Li G, Simmler C, Chen L, Nikolic D, Chen S, Pauli GF, Van Breemen RB (2017). "Cytochrome P450 inhibition by three licorice species and fourteen licorice constituents". European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 109: 182–190. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.034. PMC 5656517. PMID 28774812.
Dostalek M, Pistovcakova J, Jurica J, Sulcova A, Tomandl J (September 2011). "The effect of St John's wort (hypericum perforatum) on cytochrome p450 1a2 activity in perfused rat liver". Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia. 155 (3): 253–257. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.660.364. doi:10.5507/bp.2011.047. PMID 22286810.
Gorski JC, Huang SM, Pinto A, Hamman MA, Hilligoss JK, Zaheer NA, Desai M, Miller M, Hall SD (January 2004). "The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 75 (1): 89–100. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2003.09.013. PMID 14749695. S2CID 8375888.
Briguglio M, Hrelia S, Malaguti M, Serpe L, Canaparo R, Dell'Osso B, Galentino R, De Michele S, Dina CZ, Porta M, Banfi G (December 2018). "Food Bioactive Compounds and Their Interference in Drug Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Profiles". Pharmaceutics. 10 (4): 277. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics10040277. PMC 6321138. PMID 30558213.
Fuhr U, Klittich K, Staib AH (April 1993). "Inhibitory effect of grapefruit juice and its bitter principal, naringenin, on CYP1A2 dependent metabolism of caffeine in man". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 35 (4): 431–436. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb04162.x. PMC 1381556. PMID 8485024.
Wen X, Wang JS, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT (January 2002). "Isoniazid is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C19 and 3A4 isoforms in human liver microsomes". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 57 (11): 799–804. doi:10.1007/s00228-001-0396-3. PMID 11868802. S2CID 19299097.
Zhao Y, Hellum BH, Liang A, Nilsen OG (June 2015). "Inhibitory Mechanisms of Human CYPs by Three Alkaloids Isolated from Traditional Chinese Herbs". Phytotherapy Research. 29 (6): 825–834. doi:10.1002/ptr.5285. PMID 25640685. S2CID 24002845.
Thai C, Tayo B, Critchley D (November 2021). "A Phase 1 Open-Label, Fixed-Sequence Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Trial to Investigate the Effect of Cannabidiol on the CYP1A2 Probe Caffeine in Healthy Subjects". Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development. 10 (11): 1279–1289. doi:10.1002/cpdd.950. PMC 8596598. PMID 33951339.

drugs.com

"Erlotinib". Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2018. Metabolized primarily by CYP3A4 and, to a lesser degree, by CYP1A2 and the extrahepatic isoform CYP1A1

ensembl.org

May2017.archive.ensembl.org

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140505 – Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032310 – Ensembl, May 2017

fass.se

Swedish environmental classification of pharmaceuticals Archived 11 June 2002 at the Wayback Machine - FASS (drug catalog) - Facts for prescribers (Fakta för förskrivare). Retrieved July 2011

fda.gov

Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "Drug Interactions & Labeling - Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers". www.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
"Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers". FDA. 26 May 2021. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
"Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 9 February 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2019.

iu.edu

drug-interactions.medicine.iu.edu

Flockhart DA (2007). "Drug Interactions Flockhart Table". Indiana University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2020.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Nelson DR, Zeldin DC, Hoffman SM, Maltais LJ, Wain HM, Nebert DW (January 2004). "Comparison of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from the mouse and human genomes, including nomenclature recommendations for genes, pseudogenes and alternative-splice variants". Pharmacogenetics. 14 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1097/00008571-200401000-00001. PMID 15128046. S2CID 18448751.
Jaiswal AK, Nebert DW, McBride OW, Gonzalez FJ (1987). "Human P(3)450: cDNA and complete protein sequence, repetitive Alu sequences in the 3' nontranslated region, and localization of gene to chromosome 15". Journal of Experimental Pathology. 3 (1): 1–17. PMID 3681487.
Westphal C, Konkel A, Schunck WH (November 2011). "CYP-eicosanoids--a new link between omega-3 fatty acids and cardiac disease?". Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators. 96 (1–4): 99–108. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.09.001. PMID 21945326.
Fleming I (October 2014). "The pharmacology of the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase axis in the vasculature and cardiovascular disease". Pharmacological Reviews. 66 (4): 1106–1140. doi:10.1124/pr.113.007781. PMID 25244930.
Zhang G, Kodani S, Hammock BD (January 2014). "Stabilized epoxygenated fatty acids regulate inflammation, pain, angiogenesis and cancer". Progress in Lipid Research. 53: 108–123. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2013.11.003. PMC 3914417. PMID 24345640.
He J, Wang C, Zhu Y, Ai D (May 2016). "Soluble epoxide hydrolase: A potential target for metabolic diseases". Journal of Diabetes. 8 (3): 305–313. doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12358. PMID 26621325.
Wagner K, Vito S, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD (October 2014). "The role of long chain fatty acids and their epoxide metabolites in nociceptive signaling". Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators. 113–115: 2–12. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.09.001. PMC 4254344. PMID 25240260.
Fischer R, Konkel A, Mehling H, Blossey K, Gapelyuk A, Wessel N, von Schacky C, Dechend R, Muller DN, Rothe M, Luft FC, Weylandt K, Schunck WH (June 2014). "Dietary omega-3 fatty acids modulate the eicosanoid profile in man primarily via the CYP-epoxygenase pathway". Journal of Lipid Research. 55 (6): 1150–1164. doi:10.1194/jlr.M047357. PMC 4031946. PMID 24634501.
Fontana RJ, Lown KS, Paine MF, Fortlage L, Santella RM, Felton JS, Knize MG, Greenberg A, Watkins PB (July 1999). "Effects of a chargrilled meat diet on expression of CYP3A, CYP1A, and P-glycoprotein levels in healthy volunteers". Gastroenterology. 117 (1): 89–98. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70554-8. PMID 10381914.
Cornelis MC, El-Sohemy A, Kabagambe EK, Campos H (March 2006). "Coffee, CYP1A2 genotype, and risk of myocardial infarction". JAMA. 295 (10): 1135–1141. doi:10.1001/jama.295.10.1135. PMID 16522833.
Alkattan A, Alsalameen E (June 2021). "Polymorphisms of genes related to phase-I metabolic enzymes affecting the clinical efficacy and safety of clopidogrel treatment". Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology. 17 (6): 685–695. doi:10.1080/17425255.2021.1925249. PMID 33931001. S2CID 233470717.
Savage RA, Zafar N, Yohannan S, Miller JM (2021). "article-35398". Melatonin. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30521244. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021. Ninety percent of melatonin is metabolized in the liver primarily by the enzyme CYP1A2
Li G, Simmler C, Chen L, Nikolic D, Chen S, Pauli GF, Van Breemen RB (2017). "Cytochrome P450 inhibition by three licorice species and fourteen licorice constituents". European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 109: 182–190. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.034. PMC 5656517. PMID 28774812.
Dostalek M, Pistovcakova J, Jurica J, Sulcova A, Tomandl J (September 2011). "The effect of St John's wort (hypericum perforatum) on cytochrome p450 1a2 activity in perfused rat liver". Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia. 155 (3): 253–257. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.660.364. doi:10.5507/bp.2011.047. PMID 22286810.
Gorski JC, Huang SM, Pinto A, Hamman MA, Hilligoss JK, Zaheer NA, Desai M, Miller M, Hall SD (January 2004). "The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 75 (1): 89–100. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2003.09.013. PMID 14749695. S2CID 8375888.
Briguglio M, Hrelia S, Malaguti M, Serpe L, Canaparo R, Dell'Osso B, Galentino R, De Michele S, Dina CZ, Porta M, Banfi G (December 2018). "Food Bioactive Compounds and Their Interference in Drug Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Profiles". Pharmaceutics. 10 (4): 277. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics10040277. PMC 6321138. PMID 30558213.
Fuhr U, Klittich K, Staib AH (April 1993). "Inhibitory effect of grapefruit juice and its bitter principal, naringenin, on CYP1A2 dependent metabolism of caffeine in man". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 35 (4): 431–436. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb04162.x. PMC 1381556. PMID 8485024.
Wen X, Wang JS, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT (January 2002). "Isoniazid is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C19 and 3A4 isoforms in human liver microsomes". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 57 (11): 799–804. doi:10.1007/s00228-001-0396-3. PMID 11868802. S2CID 19299097.
Zhao Y, Hellum BH, Liang A, Nilsen OG (June 2015). "Inhibitory Mechanisms of Human CYPs by Three Alkaloids Isolated from Traditional Chinese Herbs". Phytotherapy Research. 29 (6): 825–834. doi:10.1002/ptr.5285. PMID 25640685. S2CID 24002845.
Thai C, Tayo B, Critchley D (November 2021). "A Phase 1 Open-Label, Fixed-Sequence Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Trial to Investigate the Effect of Cannabidiol on the CYP1A2 Probe Caffeine in Healthy Subjects". Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development. 10 (11): 1279–1289. doi:10.1002/cpdd.950. PMC 8596598. PMID 33951339.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Entrez Gene: cytochrome P450". Archived from the original on 10 May 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Zhang G, Kodani S, Hammock BD (January 2014). "Stabilized epoxygenated fatty acids regulate inflammation, pain, angiogenesis and cancer". Progress in Lipid Research. 53: 108–123. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2013.11.003. PMC 3914417. PMID 24345640.
Wagner K, Vito S, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD (October 2014). "The role of long chain fatty acids and their epoxide metabolites in nociceptive signaling". Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators. 113–115: 2–12. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.09.001. PMC 4254344. PMID 25240260.
Fischer R, Konkel A, Mehling H, Blossey K, Gapelyuk A, Wessel N, von Schacky C, Dechend R, Muller DN, Rothe M, Luft FC, Weylandt K, Schunck WH (June 2014). "Dietary omega-3 fatty acids modulate the eicosanoid profile in man primarily via the CYP-epoxygenase pathway". Journal of Lipid Research. 55 (6): 1150–1164. doi:10.1194/jlr.M047357. PMC 4031946. PMID 24634501.
Savage RA, Zafar N, Yohannan S, Miller JM (2021). "article-35398". Melatonin. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30521244. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021. Ninety percent of melatonin is metabolized in the liver primarily by the enzyme CYP1A2
Li G, Simmler C, Chen L, Nikolic D, Chen S, Pauli GF, Van Breemen RB (2017). "Cytochrome P450 inhibition by three licorice species and fourteen licorice constituents". European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 109: 182–190. doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.034. PMC 5656517. PMID 28774812.
Briguglio M, Hrelia S, Malaguti M, Serpe L, Canaparo R, Dell'Osso B, Galentino R, De Michele S, Dina CZ, Porta M, Banfi G (December 2018). "Food Bioactive Compounds and Their Interference in Drug Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Profiles". Pharmaceutics. 10 (4): 277. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics10040277. PMC 6321138. PMID 30558213.
Fuhr U, Klittich K, Staib AH (April 1993). "Inhibitory effect of grapefruit juice and its bitter principal, naringenin, on CYP1A2 dependent metabolism of caffeine in man". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 35 (4): 431–436. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb04162.x. PMC 1381556. PMID 8485024.
Thai C, Tayo B, Critchley D (November 2021). "A Phase 1 Open-Label, Fixed-Sequence Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Trial to Investigate the Effect of Cannabidiol on the CYP1A2 Probe Caffeine in Healthy Subjects". Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development. 10 (11): 1279–1289. doi:10.1002/cpdd.950. PMC 8596598. PMID 33951339.

pharmvar.org

This article incorporates public domain material from "PharmVar". Reference Sequence collection. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 20 May 2020.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Dostalek M, Pistovcakova J, Jurica J, Sulcova A, Tomandl J (September 2011). "The effect of St John's wort (hypericum perforatum) on cytochrome p450 1a2 activity in perfused rat liver". Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia. 155 (3): 253–257. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.660.364. doi:10.5507/bp.2011.047. PMID 22286810.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Nelson DR, Zeldin DC, Hoffman SM, Maltais LJ, Wain HM, Nebert DW (January 2004). "Comparison of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from the mouse and human genomes, including nomenclature recommendations for genes, pseudogenes and alternative-splice variants". Pharmacogenetics. 14 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1097/00008571-200401000-00001. PMID 15128046. S2CID 18448751.
Alkattan A, Alsalameen E (June 2021). "Polymorphisms of genes related to phase-I metabolic enzymes affecting the clinical efficacy and safety of clopidogrel treatment". Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology. 17 (6): 685–695. doi:10.1080/17425255.2021.1925249. PMID 33931001. S2CID 233470717.
Gorski JC, Huang SM, Pinto A, Hamman MA, Hilligoss JK, Zaheer NA, Desai M, Miller M, Hall SD (January 2004). "The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 75 (1): 89–100. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2003.09.013. PMID 14749695. S2CID 8375888.
Wen X, Wang JS, Neuvonen PJ, Backman JT (January 2002). "Isoniazid is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C19 and 3A4 isoforms in human liver microsomes". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 57 (11): 799–804. doi:10.1007/s00228-001-0396-3. PMID 11868802. S2CID 19299097.
Zhao Y, Hellum BH, Liang A, Nilsen OG (June 2015). "Inhibitory Mechanisms of Human CYPs by Three Alkaloids Isolated from Traditional Chinese Herbs". Phytotherapy Research. 29 (6): 825–834. doi:10.1002/ptr.5285. PMID 25640685. S2CID 24002845.

sydney.edu.au

Sanday K (17 October 2011), "South Asians and Europeans react differently to common drugs", University of Sydney Faculty of Pharmacy News, archived from the original on 9 March 2014, retrieved 24 October 2011

uptodate.com

"Verapamil: Drug information. Lexicomp". UpToDate. Archived from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019. Metabolism/Transport Effects: Substrate of CYP1A2 (minor), CYP2B6 (minor), CYP2C9 (minor), CYP2E1 (minor), CYP3A4 (major), P-glycoprotein/ABCB1; Note: Assignment of Major/Minor substrate status based on clinically relevant drug interaction potential; Inhibits CYP1A2 (weak), CYP3A4 (moderate), P-glycoprotein/ABCB1

web.archive.org

"Entrez Gene: cytochrome P450". Archived from the original on 10 May 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Sanday K (17 October 2011), "South Asians and Europeans react differently to common drugs", University of Sydney Faculty of Pharmacy News, archived from the original on 9 March 2014, retrieved 24 October 2011
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "Drug Interactions & Labeling - Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers". www.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
"Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers". FDA. 26 May 2021. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
Flockhart DA (2007). "Drug Interactions Flockhart Table". Indiana University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
Swedish environmental classification of pharmaceuticals Archived 11 June 2002 at the Wayback Machine - FASS (drug catalog) - Facts for prescribers (Fakta för förskrivare). Retrieved July 2011
Savage RA, Zafar N, Yohannan S, Miller JM (2021). "article-35398". Melatonin. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30521244. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021. Ninety percent of melatonin is metabolized in the liver primarily by the enzyme CYP1A2
"Erlotinib". Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2018. Metabolized primarily by CYP3A4 and, to a lesser degree, by CYP1A2 and the extrahepatic isoform CYP1A1
"Verapamil: Drug information. Lexicomp". UpToDate. Archived from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019. Metabolism/Transport Effects: Substrate of CYP1A2 (minor), CYP2B6 (minor), CYP2C9 (minor), CYP2E1 (minor), CYP3A4 (major), P-glycoprotein/ABCB1; Note: Assignment of Major/Minor substrate status based on clinically relevant drug interaction potential; Inhibits CYP1A2 (weak), CYP3A4 (moderate), P-glycoprotein/ABCB1
"Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 9 February 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2019.