Cd(−2) have been observed (as dimeric and monomeric anions; dimeric ions were initially reported to be [T–T]2−, but later shown to be [T–T]4−) in Sr5Cd3; see Changhoon Lee; Myung-Hwan Whangbo; Jürgen Köhler (2010). "Analysis of Electronic Structures and Chemical Bonding of Metal-rich Compounds. 2. Presence of Dimer (T–T)4– and Isolated T2– Anions in the Polar Intermetallic Cr5B3-Type Compounds AE5T3 (AE = Ca, Sr; T = Au, Ag, Hg, Cd, Zn)". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 636 (1): 36–40. doi:10.1002/zaac.200900421.
Carballo, Rosa; Castiñeras, Alfonso; Domínguez-Martin, Alicia; García-Santos, Isabel; Niclós-Guttiérrez, Juan (2013). "Solid State Structures of Cadmium Complexes with Relevance for Biological Systems". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 145–189. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_7. hdl:11093/232. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430774.
Bettinelli, M.; Baroni, U.; Pastorelli, N. (1988). "Determination of arsenic, cadmium, lead, antimony, selenium and thallium in coal fly ash using the stabilised temperature platform furnace and Zeeman-effect background correction". Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 3 (7): 1005–1011. doi:10.1039/JA9880301005.
Taki, Masayasu (2013). "Imaging and Sensing of Cadmium in Cells". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 99–115. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_5. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430772.
Noyhouzer, Tomer; Mandler, Daniel (17 January 2011). "Determination of low levels of cadmium ions by the under potential deposition on a self-assembled monolayer on gold electrode". Analytica Chimica Acta. 684 (1–2): 1–7. Bibcode:2011AcAC..684....1N. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.021. PMID21167979.
Perry, HM Jr.; Thind, G. S.; Perry, E. F. (1976). "The biology of cadmium". The Medical Clinics of North America. 60 (4): 759–69. doi:10.1016/S0025-7125(16)31859-4. PMID775217.
James, K. A.; Meliker, J. R. (2013). "Environmental cadmium exposure and osteoporosis: A review". International Journal of Public Health. 58 (5): 737–45. doi:10.1007/s00038-013-0488-8. PMID23877535. S2CID11265947.
Cullen, Jay T.; Maldonado, Maria T. (2013). "Biogeochemistry of Cadmium and Its Release to the Environment". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 31–62. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_2. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430769.
Crea, Francesco; Foti, Claudia; Milea, Demetrio; Sammartano, Silvio (2013). "Speciation of Cadmium in the Environment". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 63–83. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_3. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430770.
Maret, Wolfgang; Moulis, Jean-Marc (2013). "The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Cadmium in the Context of Its Toxicity". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 1–30. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_1. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430768.
Engström, A.; Michaëlsson, K.; Vahter, M.; Julin, B.; Wolk, A.; Åkesson, A. (2012). "Associations between dietary cadmium exposure and bone mineral density and risk of osteoporosis and fractures among women". Bone. 50 (6): 1372–8. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2012.03.018. PMID22465267.
Johnson, M. D.; Kenney, N.; Stoica, A.; Hilakivi-Clarke, L.; Singh, B.; Chepko, G.; Clarke, R.; Sholler, P. F.; Lirio, A. A.; Foss, C.; Reiter, R.; Trock, B.; Paik, S.; Martin, M. B. (2003). "Cadmium mimics the in vivo effects of estrogen in the uterus and mammary gland". Nature Medicine. 9 (8): 1081–4. doi:10.1038/nm902. PMID12858169. S2CID39484160.
Carballo, Rosa; Castiñeras, Alfonso; Domínguez-Martin, Alicia; García-Santos, Isabel; Niclós-Guttiérrez, Juan (2013). "Solid State Structures of Cadmium Complexes with Relevance for Biological Systems". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 145–189. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_7. hdl:11093/232. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430774.
Noyhouzer, Tomer; Mandler, Daniel (17 January 2011). "Determination of low levels of cadmium ions by the under potential deposition on a self-assembled monolayer on gold electrode". Analytica Chimica Acta. 684 (1–2): 1–7. Bibcode:2011AcAC..684....1N. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.021. PMID21167979.
Carballo, Rosa; Castiñeras, Alfonso; Domínguez-Martin, Alicia; García-Santos, Isabel; Niclós-Guttiérrez, Juan (2013). "Solid State Structures of Cadmium Complexes with Relevance for Biological Systems". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 145–189. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_7. hdl:11093/232. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430774.
Taki, Masayasu (2013). "Imaging and Sensing of Cadmium in Cells". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 99–115. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_5. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430772.
Noyhouzer, Tomer; Mandler, Daniel (17 January 2011). "Determination of low levels of cadmium ions by the under potential deposition on a self-assembled monolayer on gold electrode". Analytica Chimica Acta. 684 (1–2): 1–7. Bibcode:2011AcAC..684....1N. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.021. PMID21167979.
Perry, HM Jr.; Thind, G. S.; Perry, E. F. (1976). "The biology of cadmium". The Medical Clinics of North America. 60 (4): 759–69. doi:10.1016/S0025-7125(16)31859-4. PMID775217.
James, K. A.; Meliker, J. R. (2013). "Environmental cadmium exposure and osteoporosis: A review". International Journal of Public Health. 58 (5): 737–45. doi:10.1007/s00038-013-0488-8. PMID23877535. S2CID11265947.
Cullen, Jay T.; Maldonado, Maria T. (2013). "Biogeochemistry of Cadmium and Its Release to the Environment". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 31–62. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_2. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430769.
Crea, Francesco; Foti, Claudia; Milea, Demetrio; Sammartano, Silvio (2013). "Speciation of Cadmium in the Environment". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 63–83. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_3. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430770.
Maret, Wolfgang; Moulis, Jean-Marc (2013). "The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Cadmium in the Context of Its Toxicity". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel (eds.). Cadmium: From Toxicity to Essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 11. Springer. pp. 1–30. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_1. ISBN978-94-007-5178-1. PMID23430768.
Engström, A.; Michaëlsson, K.; Vahter, M.; Julin, B.; Wolk, A.; Åkesson, A. (2012). "Associations between dietary cadmium exposure and bone mineral density and risk of osteoporosis and fractures among women". Bone. 50 (6): 1372–8. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2012.03.018. PMID22465267.
Johnson, M. D.; Kenney, N.; Stoica, A.; Hilakivi-Clarke, L.; Singh, B.; Chepko, G.; Clarke, R.; Sholler, P. F.; Lirio, A. A.; Foss, C.; Reiter, R.; Trock, B.; Paik, S.; Martin, M. B. (2003). "Cadmium mimics the in vivo effects of estrogen in the uterus and mammary gland". Nature Medicine. 9 (8): 1081–4. doi:10.1038/nm902. PMID12858169. S2CID39484160.
Jarup, L. (1998). "Health effects of cadmium exposure – a review of the literature and a risk estimate". Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. 24: 11–51. PMID9569444.
James, K. A.; Meliker, J. R. (2013). "Environmental cadmium exposure and osteoporosis: A review". International Journal of Public Health. 58 (5): 737–45. doi:10.1007/s00038-013-0488-8. PMID23877535. S2CID11265947.
Johnson, M. D.; Kenney, N.; Stoica, A.; Hilakivi-Clarke, L.; Singh, B.; Chepko, G.; Clarke, R.; Sholler, P. F.; Lirio, A. A.; Foss, C.; Reiter, R.; Trock, B.; Paik, S.; Martin, M. B. (2003). "Cadmium mimics the in vivo effects of estrogen in the uterus and mammary gland". Nature Medicine. 9 (8): 1081–4. doi:10.1038/nm902. PMID12858169. S2CID39484160.
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GHS: "Safety Data Sheet". Sigma-Aldrich. 12 September 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.