Caligula (English Wikipedia)

McGinn, Thomas A J (1998). "Caligula's Brothel on the Palatine". Echos du Monde Classique: Classical News and Views. 42 (1): 95–107. ISSN 1913-5416.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Wood, Susan (1995). "Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula". American Journal of Archaeology. 99 (3): 436–439. doi:10.2307/506945. ISSN 0002-9114. JSTOR 506945.
Wardle, David (2007). "Caligula's Bridge of Boats – AD 39 or 40?". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 56 (1): 118–120. JSTOR 25598379.
Kleijwegt, M (1996). "Caligula as Auctioneer". Acta Classica. 39: 55–66. ISSN 0065-1141. JSTOR 24594577.
Bicknell, Peter (1968). "The emperor Gaius' military activities in AD 40". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 17 (4): 496–505. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435047.
Davies, R (1966). "The 'abortive invasion' of Britain by Gaius". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 15 (1): 124–128. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4434915.
Sigman, Marlene C (1977). "The Romans and the indigenous tribes of Mauritania Tingitana". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 26 (4): 415–439. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435574.
Simpson 1981, passim. Simpson, C.J. (1981). "The Cult of the Emperor Gaius". Latomus. 40 (3): 489–511. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41532141.
Simpson 1981, pp. 506–507. Simpson, C.J. (1981). "The Cult of the Emperor Gaius". Latomus. 40 (3): 489–511. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41532141.
Gradel 2002, pp. 142–158; Simpson 1981, p. 503. Gradel, Ittai (2002). Emperor Worship and Roman Religion. Oxford Classical Monographs. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-815275-0. Simpson, C.J. (1981). "The Cult of the Emperor Gaius". Latomus. 40 (3): 489–511. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41532141.
Suet. Calig., 58 "On the ninth day before the Kalends of February... Ruled three years, ten months and eight days". Cassius Dio LIX.30: "Thus Gaius, after doing in three years, nine months, and twenty-eight days that has been related, learned by actual experience that he was not a god." (this seems to give 23 January, but Dio is probably using exclusive reckoning, which does give 24). Wardle, David (1991). "When did Gaius Caligula die?" Acta Classica 34 (1991): 158–165. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Sidwell 2010, passim. Sidwell, Barbara (2010). "Gaius Caligula's mental illness". The Classical World. 103 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1353/clw.0.0165. ISSN 0009-8418. JSTOR 40599927. PMID 20213971.
Benediktson, D Thomas (1989). "Caligula's madness: madness or interictal temporal lobe epilepsy?". The Classical World. 82 (5): 370–375. doi:10.2307/4350416. ISSN 0009-8418. JSTOR 4350416.
Benediktson 1991, pp. 159–161. Benediktson, D. Thomas (1991). "Caligula's phobias and philias: fear of seizure?". The Classical Journal. 87 (2): 159–163. ISSN 0009-8353. JSTOR 3297970.
Katz, Robert S (1972). "The illness of Caligula". The Classical World. 65 (7): 223–225. doi:10.2307/4347670. JSTOR 4347670. PMID 11619647.; refuted in Morgan, M Gwyn (1973). "Caligula's illness again". The Classical World. 66 (6): 327–329. doi:10.2307/4347839. JSTOR 4347839.

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Watch A.D. The Bible Continues Episodes at NBC.com, retrieved 9 May 2020

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Sidwell 2010, passim. Sidwell, Barbara (2010). "Gaius Caligula's mental illness". The Classical World. 103 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1353/clw.0.0165. ISSN 0009-8418. JSTOR 40599927. PMID 20213971.
Katz, Robert S (1972). "The illness of Caligula". The Classical World. 65 (7): 223–225. doi:10.2307/4347670. JSTOR 4347670. PMID 11619647.; refuted in Morgan, M Gwyn (1973). "Caligula's illness again". The Classical World. 66 (6): 327–329. doi:10.2307/4347839. JSTOR 4347839.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Yablonsky, Linda (26 February 2006). "'Caligula' Gives a Toga Party (but No One's Really Invited)". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 June 2011.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Seneca the Younger, On the Firmness of the Wise Man XVIII 2–5. See also Malloch, S J V (2009). "Gaius' persecution of the nobiles: a study in the politics of memory and nomenclature". Athenaeum. 97 (2): 489–506. Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger (1932) [1st century]. Essays. Translated by Aubrey Stewart. Loeb Classical Library.

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Woods, David (2014). "Caligula, Incitatus, and the Consulship". The Classical Quarterly. 64 (2): 772–777. doi:10.1017/S0009838814000470. ISSN 0009-8388. S2CID 170216093.

standard.co.uk (Global: 362^nd place; English: 200^th place)

McDonagh, Melanie (7 August 2023). "Hail the return of I, Claudius, the BBC's greatest-ever drama". Evening Standard. Retrieved 23 June 2024.

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Herbert, Zbigniew. "18 Translations by Oriana Ivy". Translated by Ivy, Oriana. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016.

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Owen, Richard (17 October 2008). "Archaeologists unearth place where Emperor Caligula met his end". The Times. The Times, London. Retrieved 31 August 2018.

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penelope.uchicago.edu

Suet. Calig., 7. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, 59.6. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 9. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 2. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 10. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 54. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Tib., 54. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Tiberius". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 64. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 12. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LVII.23. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 76. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 11. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, lviii. 28. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.1. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 13. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 14. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 15. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.3. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.10. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.5.4. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.9–10. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 56. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 16.2. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 37. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 38. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Claud., 10. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Claudius". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.15. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 22. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 21, 22. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 20, 21. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 21. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.16. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 30. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.16.2–4. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 26. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.28. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 19. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.17. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.22. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.14. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.25. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 45–47. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LX.8. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Aug., 70; Suet. Calig., 52; Cassius Dio, 59.26. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Augustus". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.26,28. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, 51.19.7. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, 51.20. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.26–28. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 58 "On the ninth day before the Kalends of February... Ruled three years, ten months and eight days". Cassius Dio LIX.30: "Thus Gaius, after doing in three years, nine months, and twenty-eight days that has been related, learned by actual experience that he was not a god." (this seems to give 23 January, but Dio is probably using exclusive reckoning, which does give 24). Wardle, David (1991). "When did Gaius Caligula die?" Acta Classica 34 (1991): 158–165. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.29.I. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 58. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 59. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Claud., 11. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Claudius". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LX.3,4. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 8, 50, 53–54. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 16. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 27. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 36, 50. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Barrett 2015, pp. 64–65 n. 5, citing Suet. Calig., 33. Barrett, Anthony A. (2015). Caligula: The Abuse of Power (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-72541-3. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suet. Calig., 50. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. 121 AD]. "Life of Caligula". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, LIX.19. Lucius Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Book 59". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.

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Herbert, Zbigniew. "18 Translations by Oriana Ivy". Translated by Ivy, Oriana. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016.

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Wood, Susan (1995). "Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula". American Journal of Archaeology. 99 (3): 436–439. doi:10.2307/506945. ISSN 0002-9114. JSTOR 506945.
McGinn, Thomas A J (1998). "Caligula's Brothel on the Palatine". Echos du Monde Classique: Classical News and Views. 42 (1): 95–107. ISSN 1913-5416.
Woods, David (2014). "Caligula, Incitatus, and the Consulship". The Classical Quarterly. 64 (2): 772–777. doi:10.1017/S0009838814000470. ISSN 0009-8388. S2CID 170216093.
Kleijwegt, M (1996). "Caligula as Auctioneer". Acta Classica. 39: 55–66. ISSN 0065-1141. JSTOR 24594577.
Bicknell, Peter (1968). "The emperor Gaius' military activities in AD 40". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 17 (4): 496–505. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435047.
Davies, R (1966). "The 'abortive invasion' of Britain by Gaius". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 15 (1): 124–128. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4434915.
Malloch, SJV (2001). "Gaius on the Channel coast". Classical Quarterly. 51 (2): 551–556. doi:10.1093/cq/51.2.551. ISSN 1471-6844.
Sigman, Marlene C (1977). "The Romans and the indigenous tribes of Mauritania Tingitana". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 26 (4): 415–439. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4435574.
Simpson 1981, passim. Simpson, C.J. (1981). "The Cult of the Emperor Gaius". Latomus. 40 (3): 489–511. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41532141.
Simpson 1981, pp. 506–507. Simpson, C.J. (1981). "The Cult of the Emperor Gaius". Latomus. 40 (3): 489–511. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41532141.
Gradel 2002, pp. 142–158; Simpson 1981, p. 503. Gradel, Ittai (2002). Emperor Worship and Roman Religion. Oxford Classical Monographs. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-815275-0. Simpson, C.J. (1981). "The Cult of the Emperor Gaius". Latomus. 40 (3): 489–511. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41532141.
Sidwell 2010, passim. Sidwell, Barbara (2010). "Gaius Caligula's mental illness". The Classical World. 103 (2): 183–206. doi:10.1353/clw.0.0165. ISSN 0009-8418. JSTOR 40599927. PMID 20213971.
Benediktson, D Thomas (1989). "Caligula's madness: madness or interictal temporal lobe epilepsy?". The Classical World. 82 (5): 370–375. doi:10.2307/4350416. ISSN 0009-8418. JSTOR 4350416.
Benediktson 1991, pp. 159–161. Benediktson, D. Thomas (1991). "Caligula's phobias and philias: fear of seizure?". The Classical Journal. 87 (2): 159–163. ISSN 0009-8353. JSTOR 3297970.
Sheaffer-Jones, Caroline (2012). "A Deconstructive Reading of Albert Camus' Caligula". Australian Journal of French Studies. 49 (1): 31–42. doi:10.3828/AJFS.2012.3. ISSN 0004-9468.

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[Incontri: Roberto Rossellini (1969)] (YouTube video). [channel name]. Event occurs at 51:48. Retrieved 22 July 2026.

Caligula (English Wikipedia)

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