Cambrian (English Wikipedia)

Haq, B. U.; Schutter, SR (2008). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–8. Bibcode:2008Sci...322...64H. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. PMID 18832639.
Myrow, Paul M.; Goodge, John W.; Brock, Glenn A.; Betts, Marissa J.; Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Hughes, Nigel C.; Gaines, Robert R. (2024). "Tectonic trigger to the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic: The early Cambrian Sinsk event". Science Advances. 10 (13) eadl3452. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L3452M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl3452. PMC 10980278. PMID 38552008.
Butterfield, N. J. (2007). "Macroevolution and macroecology through deep time". Palaeontology. 50 (1): 41–55. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50...41B. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00613.x.
Orr, P. J.; Benton, M. J.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2003). "Post-Cambrian closure of the deep-water slope-basin taphonomic window". Geology. 31 (9): 769–772. Bibcode:2003Geo....31..769O. doi:10.1130/G19193.1.
Sedgwick, A. (February 1852). "On the Classification and Nomenclature of the Lower Palæozoic Rocks of England and Wales". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. 8 (1–2): 136–168. Bibcode:1852QJGS....8..136S. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1852.008.01-02.20.
Geyer, Gerd; Landing, Ed (2016). "The Precambrian–Phanerozoic and Ediacaran–Cambrian boundaries: A historical approach to a dilemma". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 448 (1): 311–349. Bibcode:2017GSLSP.448..311G. doi:10.1144/SP448.10.
Landing, Ed; Geyer, Gerd; Brasier, Martin D.; Bowring, Samuel A. (2013). "Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation: Context, correlation, and chronostratigraphy—Overcoming deficiencies of the first appearance datum (FAD) concept". Earth-Science Reviews. 123: 133–172. Bibcode:2013ESRv..123..133L. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.008.
Nielsen, Arne Thorshøj; Ahlberg, Per (3 April 2019). "The Miaolingian, a new name for the 'Middle' Cambrian (Cambrian Series 3): identification of lower and upper boundaries in Baltoscandia". GFF. 141 (2): 162–173. Bibcode:2019GFF...141..162N. doi:10.1080/11035897.2019.1621374.
Zhao, Yuanlong; Yuan, Jinliang; Babcock, Loren E.; Guo, Qingjun; Peng, Jin; Yin, Leiming; Yang, Xinglian; Peng, Shanchi; Wang, Chunjiang; Gaines, Robert R.; Esteve, Jorge; Tai, Tongsu; Yang, Ruidong; Wang, Yue; Sun, Haijing (1 June 2019). "Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) for the conterminous base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage (Cambrian) at Balang, Jianhe, Guizhou, China". Episodes Journal of International Geoscience. 42 (2): 165–184. Bibcode:2019Episo..42..165Z. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2019/019013.
Keppie, Duncan Fraser; Keppie, John Duncan; Landing, Ed (23 April 2024). "A tectonic solution for the Early Cambrian palaeogeographical enigma". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 542 (1): 167–177. Bibcode:2024GSLSP.542..167K. doi:10.1144/SP542-2022-355.
Domeier, Mathew (August 2016). "A plate tectonic scenario for the Iapetus and Rheic oceans". Gondwana Research. 36: 275–295. Bibcode:2016GondR..36..275D. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.08.003.
Dalziel, Ian W. D.; Dewey, John F. (January 2019). "The classic Wilson cycle revisited". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 470 (1): 19–38. Bibcode:2019GSLSP.470...19D. doi:10.1144/SP470.1.
Wong Hearing, Thomas W.; Pohl, Alexandre; Williams, Mark; Donnadieu, Yannick; Harvey, Thomas H. P.; Scotese, Christopher R.; Sepulchre, Pierre; Franc, Alain; Vandenbroucke, Thijs R. A. (23 June 2021). "Quantitative comparison of geological data and model simulations constrains early Cambrian geography and climate". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 3868. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.3868W. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24141-5. hdl:1854/LU-8719399. PMC 8222365. PMID 34162853.
Evans, David A. D. (January 2021). "Pannotia under prosecution". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 503 (1): 63–81. Bibcode:2021GSLSP.503...63E. doi:10.1144/SP503-2020-182.
Murphy, J. Brendan; Nance, R. Damian; Cawood, Peter A.; Collins, William J.; Dan, Wei; Doucet, Luc S.; Heron, Philip J.; Li, Zheng-Xiang; Mitchell, Ross N.; Pisarevsky, Sergei; Pufahl, Peir K.; Quesada, Cecilio; Spencer, Christopher J.; Strachan, Rob A.; Wu, Lei (January 2021). "Pannotia: in defence of its existence and geodynamic significance". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 503 (1): 13–39. Bibcode:2021GSLSP.503...13M. doi:10.1144/SP503-2020-96. hdl:20.500.11937/90589.
Domeier, Mathew (2018). "Early Paleozoic tectonics of Asia: Towards a full-plate model". Geoscience Frontiers. 9 (3): 789–862. Bibcode:2018GeoFr...9..789D. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2017.11.012. hdl:10852/71215.
Hearing, Thomas W.; Harvey, Thomas H. P.; Williams, Mark; Leng, Melanie J.; Lamb, Angela L.; Wilby, Philip R.; Gabbott, Sarah E.; Pohl, Alexandre; Donnadieu, Yannick (9 May 2018). "An early Cambrian greenhouse climate". Science Advances. 4 (5) eaar5690. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.5690H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar5690. PMC 5942912. PMID 29750198.
Scotese, Christopher R.; Song, Haijun; Mills, Benjamin J.W.; van der Meer, Douwe G. (April 2021). "Phanerozoic paleotemperatures: The earth's changing climate during the last 540 million years". Earth-Science Reviews. 215 103503. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21503503S. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103503.
Pruss, Sara B.; Gill, Benjamin C. (23 July 2024). "Life on the Edge: The Cambrian Marine Realm and Oxygenation". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52 (1): 109–132. Bibcode:2024AREPS..52..109P. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-070316. hdl:10919/117422.
Wotte, Thomas; Skovsted, Christian B.; Whitehouse, Martin J.; Kouchinsky, Artem (19 April 2019). "Isotopic evidence for temperate oceans during the Cambrian Explosion". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 6330. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.6330W. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42719-4. PMC 6474879. PMID 31004083.
Bergmann, Kristin D.; Finnegan, Seth; Creel, Roger; Eiler, John M.; Hughes, Nigel C.; Popov, Leonid E.; Fischer, Woodward W. (2018). "A paired apatite and calcite clumped isotope thermometry approach to estimating Cambro-Ordovician seawater temperatures and isotopic composition". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 224: 18–41. Bibcode:2018GeCoA.224...18B. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.11.015.
van de Velde, Sebastiaan; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; Meysman, Filip J. R.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Poulton, Simon W. (2 July 2018). "Early Palaeozoic ocean anoxia and global warming driven by the evolution of shallow burrowing". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 2554. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.2554V. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04973-4. PMC 6028391. PMID 29967319.
Wood, Rachel; Liu, Alexander G.; Bowyer, Frederick; Wilby, Philip R.; Dunn, Frances S.; Kenchington, Charlotte G.; Cuthill, Jennifer F. Hoyal; Mitchell, Emily G.; Penny, Amelia (11 March 2019). "Integrated records of environmental change and evolution challenge the Cambrian Explosion". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (4): 528–538. Bibcode:2019NatEE...3..528W. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0821-6. hdl:20.500.11820/a4e98e0f-a350-40f6-9ee6-49d4f816835f. PMID 30858589.
Zhang, Yinggang; Yang, Tao; Hohl, Simon V.; Zhu, Bi; He, Tianchen; Pan, Wenqing; Chen, Yongquan; Yao, Xizhu; Jiang, Shaoyong (2020). "Seawater carbon and strontium isotope variations through the late Ediacaran to late Cambrian in the Tarim Basin". Precambrian Research. 345 105769. Bibcode:2020PreR..34505769Z. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105769.
He, Tianchen; Zhu, Maoyan; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; Wynn, Peter M.; Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu; Tostevin, Rosalie; Pogge von Strandmann, Philip A. E.; Yang, Aihua; Poulton, Simon W.; Shields, Graham A. (2019). "Possible links between extreme oxygen perturbations and the Cambrian radiation of animals". Nature Geoscience. 12 (6): 468–474. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..468H. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0357-z. PMC 6548555. PMID 31178922.
Wei, Guang-Yi; Hood, Ashleigh v. S.; Planavsky, Noah J.; Li, Da; Ling, Hong-Fei; Tarhan, Lidya G. (2022). "Calcium Isotopic Constraints on the Transition From Aragonite Seas to Calcite Seas in the Cambrian". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 36 (5) e2021GB007235. Bibcode:2022GBioC..3607235W. doi:10.1029/2021GB007235.
Xiong, Yi; Wood, Rachel; Pichevin, Laetitia (2023). "The record of sea water chemistry evolution during the Ediacaran–Cambrian from early marine cements". The Depositional Record. 9 (3): 508–525. Bibcode:2023DepRe...9..508X. doi:10.1002/dep2.211. hdl:20.500.11820/3e22be46-182d-421a-a791-8a20a96c9814.
LoDuca, S. T.; Bykova, N.; Wu, M.; Xiao, S.; Zhao, Y. (July 2017). "Seaweed morphology and ecology during the great animal diversification events of the early Paleozoic: A tale of two floras". Geobiology. 15 (4): 588–616. Bibcode:2017Gbio...15..588L. doi:10.1111/gbi.12244. PMID 28603844.
Retallack, G.J. (2008). "Cambrian palaeosols and landscapes of South Australia". Alcheringa. 55 (8): 1083–1106. Bibcode:2008AuJES..55.1083R. doi:10.1080/08120090802266568.
Donoghue, Philip C.J.; Harrison, C. Jill; Paps, Jordi; Schneider, Harald (October 2021). "The evolutionary emergence of land plants". Current Biology. 31 (19): R1281–R1298. Bibcode:2021CBio...31R1281D. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.038. hdl:1983/662d176e-fcf4-40bf-aa8c-5694a86bd41d. PMID 34637740.
Strother, Paul K.; Foster, Clinton (13 August 2021). "A fossil record of land plant origins from charophyte algae". Science. 373 (6556): 792–796. Bibcode:2021Sci...373..792S. doi:10.1126/science.abj2927. PMID 34385396.
Zong, Ruiwen; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Liu, Bingcai; Wang, Yi; Yin, Jiayi; Ma, Juan; Xu, Honghe (March 2023). Cherns, Lesley (ed.). "Silurian freshwater arthropod from northwest China". Papers in Palaeontology. 9 (2) e1488. Bibcode:2023PPal....9E1488Z. doi:10.1002/spp2.1488.
Ward, Peter (2006). "Evolving Respiratory Systems as a Cause of the Cambrian Explosion". Out of Thin Air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth's Ancient Atmosphere. The National Academies Press. Bibcode:2006nap..book11630W. doi:10.17226/11630. ISBN 978-0-309-10061-8.
Zhang, Zhiliang; Zhang, Zhifei; Ma, J.; Taylor, P. D.; Strotz, L. C.; Jacquet, S. M.; Skovsted, C. B.; Chen, F.; Han, J.; Brock, G. A. (2021). "Fossil evidence unveils an early Cambrian origin for Bryozoa". Nature. 599 (7884): 251–255. Bibcode:2021Natur.599..251Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04033-w. PMC 8580826. PMID 34707285.
Taylor, Paul D.; Berning, Björn; Wilson, Mark A. (November 2013). "Reinterpretation of the Cambrian 'bryozoan' Pywackia as an octocoral". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (6): 984–990. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..984T. doi:10.1666/13-029.
Budd, G. E.; Jensen, S. (2000). "A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 75 (2): 253–95. Bibcode:2000BioRv..75..253B. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00046.x. PMID 10881389.
Nanglu, Karma; Caron, Jean-Bernard; Conway Morris, Simon; Cameron, Christopher B. (2016). "Cambrian suspension-feeding tubicolous hemichordates". BMC Biology. 14 (1) 56. Bibcode:2016BMCB...14...56N. doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0271-4. PMC 4936055. PMID 27383414.
Collette & Hagadorn 2010; Collette, Gass & Hagadorn 2012. Collette, J. H.; Hagadorn, J. W. (2010). "Three-dimensionally preserved arthropods from Cambrian Lagerstatten of Quebec and Wisconsin". Journal of Paleontology. 84 (4): 646–667. doi:10.1666/09-075.1. Collette, J. H.; Gass, K. C.; Hagadorn, J. W. (2012). "Protichnites eremita unshelled? Experimental model-based neoichnology and new evidence for a euthycarcinoid affinity for this ichnospecies". Journal of Paleontology. 86 (3): 442–454. Bibcode:2012JPal...86..442C. doi:10.1666/11-056.1.
Yochelson & Fedonkin 1993; Getty & Hagadorn 2008. Yochelson, E. L.; Fedonkin, M. A. (1993). "Paleobiology of Climactichnites, and Enigmatic Late Cambrian Fossil". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 74 (74): 1–74. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.74.1. Getty, P. R.; Hagadorn, J. W. (2008). "Reinterpretation of Climactichnites Logan 1860 to include subsurface burrows, and erection of Musculopodus for resting traces of the trailmaker". Journal of Paleontology. 82 (6): 1161–1172. Bibcode:2008JPal...82.1161G. doi:10.1666/08-004.1.
Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu.; Wood, Rachel A. (9 November 2018). "The two phases of the Cambrian Explosion". Scientific Reports. 8 (1) 16656. Bibcode:2018NatSR...816656Z. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34962-y. PMC 6226464. PMID 30413739.
Parry, Luke A.; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Weaver, James C.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (September 2021). "Cambrian comb jellies from Utah illuminate the early evolution of nervous and sensory systems in ctenophores". iScience. 24 (9) 102943. Bibcode:2021iSci...24j2943P. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102943. PMC 8426560. PMID 34522849.
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biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; English: 136^th place)

Yochelson & Fedonkin 1993; Getty & Hagadorn 2008. Yochelson, E. L.; Fedonkin, M. A. (1993). "Paleobiology of Climactichnites, and Enigmatic Late Cambrian Fossil". Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 74 (74): 1–74. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.74.1. Getty, P. R.; Hagadorn, J. W. (2008). "Reinterpretation of Climactichnites Logan 1860 to include subsurface burrows, and erection of Musculopodus for resting traces of the trailmaker". Journal of Paleontology. 82 (6): 1161–1172. Bibcode:2008JPal...82.1161G. doi:10.1666/08-004.1.

dkuug.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

std.dkuug.dk

Priest, Lorna A.; Iancu, Laurentiu; Everson, Michael (October 2010). "Proposal to Encode C WITH BAR" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2011.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Brasier, Martin; Cowie, John W.; Taylor, Michael (March–June 1994). "Decision on the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary stratotype" (PDF). Episodes. 17 (1–2): 3–8. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1994/v17i1.2/002. eISSN 2586-1298. ISSN 0705-3797. LCCN 78646808. OCLC 4130038. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2025.
Cooper, Roger A.; Nowlan, Godfrey S.; Williams, S. Henry (March 2001). "Global Stratotype Section and Point for base of the Ordovician System" (PDF). Episodes. 24 (1): 19–28. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i1/005. eISSN 2586-1298. ISSN 0705-3797. LCCN 78646808. OCLC 4130038. Retrieved 10 October 2025.
Haq, B. U.; Schutter, SR (2008). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–8. Bibcode:2008Sci...322...64H. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. PMID 18832639.
Myrow, Paul M.; Goodge, John W.; Brock, Glenn A.; Betts, Marissa J.; Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Hughes, Nigel C.; Gaines, Robert R. (2024). "Tectonic trigger to the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic: The early Cambrian Sinsk event". Science Advances. 10 (13) eadl3452. Bibcode:2024SciA...10L3452M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adl3452. PMC 10980278. PMID 38552008.
Butterfield, N. J. (2007). "Macroevolution and macroecology through deep time". Palaeontology. 50 (1): 41–55. Bibcode:2007Palgy..50...41B. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00613.x.
Orr, P. J.; Benton, M. J.; Briggs, D. E. G. (2003). "Post-Cambrian closure of the deep-water slope-basin taphonomic window". Geology. 31 (9): 769–772. Bibcode:2003Geo....31..769O. doi:10.1130/G19193.1.
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Sedgwick, A. (February 1852). "On the Classification and Nomenclature of the Lower Palæozoic Rocks of England and Wales". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. 8 (1–2): 136–168. Bibcode:1852QJGS....8..136S. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1852.008.01-02.20.
Geyer, Gerd; Landing, Ed (2016). "The Precambrian–Phanerozoic and Ediacaran–Cambrian boundaries: A historical approach to a dilemma". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 448 (1): 311–349. Bibcode:2017GSLSP.448..311G. doi:10.1144/SP448.10.
Landing, Ed; Geyer, Gerd; Brasier, Martin D.; Bowring, Samuel A. (2013). "Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation: Context, correlation, and chronostratigraphy—Overcoming deficiencies of the first appearance datum (FAD) concept". Earth-Science Reviews. 123: 133–172. Bibcode:2013ESRv..123..133L. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.008.
Nielsen, Arne Thorshøj; Ahlberg, Per (3 April 2019). "The Miaolingian, a new name for the 'Middle' Cambrian (Cambrian Series 3): identification of lower and upper boundaries in Baltoscandia". GFF. 141 (2): 162–173. Bibcode:2019GFF...141..162N. doi:10.1080/11035897.2019.1621374.
Zhao, Yuanlong; Yuan, Jinliang; Babcock, Loren E.; Guo, Qingjun; Peng, Jin; Yin, Leiming; Yang, Xinglian; Peng, Shanchi; Wang, Chunjiang; Gaines, Robert R.; Esteve, Jorge; Tai, Tongsu; Yang, Ruidong; Wang, Yue; Sun, Haijing (1 June 2019). "Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) for the conterminous base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage (Cambrian) at Balang, Jianhe, Guizhou, China". Episodes Journal of International Geoscience. 42 (2): 165–184. Bibcode:2019Episo..42..165Z. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2019/019013.
Cooper, R.A.; Sadler, P.M.; Hammer, O.; Gradstein, F.M. (2012), "The Ordovician Period", The Geologic Time Scale, Elsevier, pp. 489–523, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00020-2, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9
Keppie, Duncan Fraser; Keppie, John Duncan; Landing, Ed (23 April 2024). "A tectonic solution for the Early Cambrian palaeogeographical enigma". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 542 (1): 167–177. Bibcode:2024GSLSP.542..167K. doi:10.1144/SP542-2022-355.
Domeier, Mathew (August 2016). "A plate tectonic scenario for the Iapetus and Rheic oceans". Gondwana Research. 36: 275–295. Bibcode:2016GondR..36..275D. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.08.003.
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van de Velde, Sebastiaan; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; Meysman, Filip J. R.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Poulton, Simon W. (2 July 2018). "Early Palaeozoic ocean anoxia and global warming driven by the evolution of shallow burrowing". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 2554. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.2554V. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04973-4. PMC 6028391. PMID 29967319.
He, Tianchen; Zhu, Maoyan; Mills, Benjamin J. W.; Wynn, Peter M.; Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu; Tostevin, Rosalie; Pogge von Strandmann, Philip A. E.; Yang, Aihua; Poulton, Simon W.; Shields, Graham A. (2019). "Possible links between extreme oxygen perturbations and the Cambrian radiation of animals". Nature Geoscience. 12 (6): 468–474. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..468H. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0357-z. PMC 6548555. PMID 31178922.
Zhang, Zhiliang; Zhang, Zhifei; Ma, J.; Taylor, P. D.; Strotz, L. C.; Jacquet, S. M.; Skovsted, C. B.; Chen, F.; Han, J.; Brock, G. A. (2021). "Fossil evidence unveils an early Cambrian origin for Bryozoa". Nature. 599 (7884): 251–255. Bibcode:2021Natur.599..251Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04033-w. PMC 8580826. PMID 34707285.
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Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu.; Wood, Rachel A. (9 November 2018). "The two phases of the Cambrian Explosion". Scientific Reports. 8 (1) 16656. Bibcode:2018NatSR...816656Z. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34962-y. PMC 6226464. PMID 30413739.
Parry, Luke A.; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Weaver, James C.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (September 2021). "Cambrian comb jellies from Utah illuminate the early evolution of nervous and sensory systems in ctenophores". iScience. 24 (9) 102943. Bibcode:2021iSci...24j2943P. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102943. PMC 8426560. PMID 34522849.
Ou, Qiang; Shu, Degan; Zhang, Zhifei; Han, Jian; Van Iten, Heyo; Cheng, Meirong; Sun, Jie; Yao, Xiaoyong; Wang, Rong; Mayer, Georg (January 2022). "Dawn of complex animal food webs: A new predatory anthozoan (Cnidaria) from Cambrian". The Innovation. 3 (1) 100195. Bibcode:2022Innov...300195O. doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100195. PMC 8717384. PMID 35005675.

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