Selka 2010, p. 291; Engler 2012, p. 15. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Engler, Steven (2012). "Umbanda and Africa". Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 15 (4): 13–35. doi:10.1525/nr.2012.15.4.13.
Selka 2010, p. 292; Selka 2013, p. 405. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Selka, Stephen (2013). "Cityscapes and Contact Zones: Christianity, Candomblé, and African Heritage Tourism in Brazil". Religion. 43 (3): 403–420. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2013.798163. S2CID143213938.
Selka 2010, p. 291; Engler 2012, p. 15. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Engler, Steven (2012). "Umbanda and Africa". Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 15 (4): 13–35. doi:10.1525/nr.2012.15.4.13.
Hayes 2007, p. 284. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811.
Hayes 2007, pp. 285–286. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811.
Walker 1990, p. 124; Álvarez López & Edfeldt 2007, p. 151. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Álvarez López, Laura; Edfeldt, Chatarina (2007). "The Role of Language in the Construction of Gender and Ethnic-Religious Identities in Brazilian-Candomblé Communities". In Allyson Jule (ed.). Language and Religious Identity: Women in Discourse. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 149–171. ISBN978-0230517295.
Bahia 2016, p. 16. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Walker 1990, p. 112; Voeks 1997, p. 61. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Selka 2010, p. 291. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x.
Bahia 2016, p. 22. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Hayes 2007, p. 298. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811.
Walker 1990, p. 108; Voeks 1997, p. 54; Johnson 2002, p. 14; Brazeal 2013, p. 105. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Brazeal, Brian (2013). "Coins for the Dead, Money on the Floor: Mortuary Ritual in Bahian Candomblé". In Roger Sansi-Roca (ed.). Economies of Relation: Money and Personhood in the Lusophone World. Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies. Tagus Press at the University of Massachusetts. pp. 103–124. ISBN978-1933227146.
Johnson 2002, p. 205; Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 141; Capone 2010, p. 267. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Walker 1990, p. 105; Voeks 1997, p. 77. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Walker 1991, p. 46. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42.
Selka 2010, p. 296. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x.
Walker 1990, p. 121; Johnson 2002, p. 136. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 117; Capone 2010, p. 122. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Walker 1991, p. 48; Voeks 1997, p. 74. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Hayes 2007, p. 311. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811.
Voeks 1997, p. 63; Johnson 2002, p. 202; Capone 2010, pp. 80, 264; Bahia 2014, p. 335. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4. Bahia, Joana (2014). "Under the Berlin Sky: Candomblé on German Shores". Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology. 11 (2). Translated by Christiano S. do V. Silva: 327–370. doi:10.1590/S1809-43412014000200012.
Walker 1990, p. 123; Johnson 2002, p. 14. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Bahia 2016, p. 23. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Walker 1990, p. 123; Voeks 1997, p. 73. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Walker 1990, p. 124; Johnson 2002, pp. 105–106. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Allen 2012, p. 20; Hartikainen 2017, p. 366. Allen, Andrea Stevenson (2012). ""Brides" without Husbands: Lesbians in the Afro-Brazilian Religion Candomblé". Transforming Anthropology. 20 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1111/j.1548-7466.2011.01141.x. S2CID144349076. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Álvarez López & Edfeldt 2007, p. 160; Allen 2012, p. 20. Álvarez López, Laura; Edfeldt, Chatarina (2007). "The Role of Language in the Construction of Gender and Ethnic-Religious Identities in Brazilian-Candomblé Communities". In Allyson Jule (ed.). Language and Religious Identity: Women in Discourse. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 149–171. ISBN978-0230517295. Allen, Andrea Stevenson (2012). ""Brides" without Husbands: Lesbians in the Afro-Brazilian Religion Candomblé". Transforming Anthropology. 20 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1111/j.1548-7466.2011.01141.x. S2CID144349076.
Selka 2010, p. 297; Allen 2012, p. 21. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Allen, Andrea Stevenson (2012). ""Brides" without Husbands: Lesbians in the Afro-Brazilian Religion Candomblé". Transforming Anthropology. 20 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1111/j.1548-7466.2011.01141.x. S2CID144349076.
Selka 2010, p. 297; Allen 2012, p. 20. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Allen, Andrea Stevenson (2012). ""Brides" without Husbands: Lesbians in the Afro-Brazilian Religion Candomblé". Transforming Anthropology. 20 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1111/j.1548-7466.2011.01141.x. S2CID144349076.
Johnson 2002, p. 157; Capone 2010, p. 117; Selka 2010, p. 294. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x.
Johnson 2002, pp. 31, 202; Hartikainen 2017, p. 369. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Hartikainen 2017, p. 369. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Walker 1991, p. 47. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42.
Walker 1991, p. 48; Bahia 2016, p. 24. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 142; Brazeal 2013, p. 106. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398. Brazeal, Brian (2013). "Coins for the Dead, Money on the Floor: Mortuary Ritual in Bahian Candomblé". In Roger Sansi-Roca (ed.). Economies of Relation: Money and Personhood in the Lusophone World. Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies. Tagus Press at the University of Massachusetts. pp. 103–124. ISBN978-1933227146.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 142. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 143. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Sansi-Roca 2005, pp. 142–143. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 152. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 153. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Johnson 2002, pp. 136, 202; Selka 2010, p. 294; Brazeal 2013, p. 104; Bahia 2016, p. 28. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Brazeal, Brian (2013). "Coins for the Dead, Money on the Floor: Mortuary Ritual in Bahian Candomblé". In Roger Sansi-Roca (ed.). Economies of Relation: Money and Personhood in the Lusophone World. Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies. Tagus Press at the University of Massachusetts. pp. 103–124. ISBN978-1933227146. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 141. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Walker 1990, p. 12; Johnson 2002, pp. 117–118. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 120; Johnson 2002, p. 117. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 119; Johnson 2002, p. 108. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Bahia 2016, p. 25. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Bahia 2016, p. 24. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Walker 1991, p. 49; Voeks 1997, p. 86. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Walker 1991, p. 49. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42.
Walker 1991, p. 45; Voeks 1997, p. 81; Johnson 2002, p. 158. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1991, p. 45; Johnson 2002, p. 145. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Voeks 1997, p. 107; Hartikainen 2017, pp. 369–370. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Walker 1991, p. 44. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42.
Walker 1991, p. 42; Johnson 2002, p. 70. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Johnson 2002, p. 75; Capone 2010, pp. 178, 213; Castillo & Parés 2010, pp. 1, 18. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4. Castillo, Lisa Earl; Parés, Luis Nicolau (2010). "Marcelina da Silva: A Nineteenth-Century Candomblé Priestess in Bahia". Slavery & Abolition. 31 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1080/01440390903481639. S2CID143675040.
Johnson 2002, pp. 82–83; Hayes 2007, p. 291; Capone 2010, p. 178. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Hayes 2007, p. 297. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811.
Wafer 1991, p. 56; Johnson 2002, p. 71; Capone 2010, p. 247; Hartikainen 2017, p. 374. Wafer, Jim (1991). The Taste of Blood: Spirit Possession in Brazilian Candomblé. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN978-0-8122-1341-6. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Walker 1990, pp. 114–115; Capone 2010, p. 246. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Walker 1990, p. 106; Voeks 1997, p. 105. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Walker 1991, p. 44; Capone 2010, p. 11. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Hartikainen 2017, pp. 371–372. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Hartikainen 2017, pp. 360, 375–377. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Selka 2010, p. 294. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x.
Wafer 1991, p. 95; Walker 1991, p. 43; Marouan 2007, p. 121. Wafer, Jim (1991). The Taste of Blood: Spirit Possession in Brazilian Candomblé. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN978-0-8122-1341-6. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42. Marouan, Maha (2007). "Candomblé, Christianity, and Gnosticism in Toni Morrison's Paradise". In Theodore Louis Trost (ed.). The African Diaspora and the Study of Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 111–127. ISBN978-1403977861.
Hartikainen 2017, p. 357. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Voeks 1997, p. 69; Selka 2010, p. 296. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x.
Selka 2010, p. 297. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x.
Selka 2010, p. 298; Selka 2013, p. 410. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Selka, Stephen (2013). "Cityscapes and Contact Zones: Christianity, Candomblé, and African Heritage Tourism in Brazil". Religion. 43 (3): 403–420. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2013.798163. S2CID143213938.
Johnson 2002, p. 53; Contins 2010, p. 228; Hartikainen 2017, p. 372. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Contins, Márcia (2010). "Umbanda, Candomblé, and Pentecostalism: Religious Frontiers in Brazil and in the United States". Afro-Hispanic Review. 29 (2): 223–236. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Hayes 2007, p. 284. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811.
Hayes 2007, pp. 285–286. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811.
Walker 1990, p. 124; Álvarez López & Edfeldt 2007, p. 151. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Álvarez López, Laura; Edfeldt, Chatarina (2007). "The Role of Language in the Construction of Gender and Ethnic-Religious Identities in Brazilian-Candomblé Communities". In Allyson Jule (ed.). Language and Religious Identity: Women in Discourse. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 149–171. ISBN978-0230517295.
Walker 1990, p. 112; Voeks 1997, p. 61. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Pinto 1991, p. 71; Voeks 1997, p. 53. Pinto, Tiago de Oliveira (1991). ""Making Ritual Drama:" Dance, Music, and Representation in Brazilian "Candomblé" and "Umbanda"". The World of Music. 33 (1): 70–88. JSTOR43562778. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Hayes 2007, p. 298. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811.
Walker 1990, p. 108; Voeks 1997, p. 54; Johnson 2002, p. 14; Brazeal 2013, p. 105. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Brazeal, Brian (2013). "Coins for the Dead, Money on the Floor: Mortuary Ritual in Bahian Candomblé". In Roger Sansi-Roca (ed.). Economies of Relation: Money and Personhood in the Lusophone World. Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies. Tagus Press at the University of Massachusetts. pp. 103–124. ISBN978-1933227146.
Pinto 1991, p. 72; Capone 2010, p. 265. Pinto, Tiago de Oliveira (1991). ""Making Ritual Drama:" Dance, Music, and Representation in Brazilian "Candomblé" and "Umbanda"". The World of Music. 33 (1): 70–88. JSTOR43562778. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Pinto 1991, p. 72; Capone 2010, p. 268. Pinto, Tiago de Oliveira (1991). ""Making Ritual Drama:" Dance, Music, and Representation in Brazilian "Candomblé" and "Umbanda"". The World of Music. 33 (1): 70–88. JSTOR43562778. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Voeks 1997, p. 56; Johnson 2002, p. 14; Schmidt 2014, p. 142. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Schmidt, Bettina E. (2014). "Spirit Possession in Brazil: The Perception of the (Possessed) Body". Anthropos. 109 (1): 135–147. JSTOR43861689.
Walker 1990, p. 105; Voeks 1997, p. 77. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Walker 1990, p. 121; Johnson 2002, p. 136. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 117; Capone 2010, p. 122. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Hayes 2007, p. 311. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811.
Pinto 1991, p. 72. Pinto, Tiago de Oliveira (1991). ""Making Ritual Drama:" Dance, Music, and Representation in Brazilian "Candomblé" and "Umbanda"". The World of Music. 33 (1): 70–88. JSTOR43562778.
Schmidt 2014, p. 140. Schmidt, Bettina E. (2014). "Spirit Possession in Brazil: The Perception of the (Possessed) Body". Anthropos. 109 (1): 135–147. JSTOR43861689.
Walker 1990, p. 123; Johnson 2002, p. 14. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 123; Voeks 1997, p. 73. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Walker 1990, p. 124; Johnson 2002, pp. 105–106. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 12; Johnson 2002, pp. 117–118. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 120; Johnson 2002, p. 117. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 119; Johnson 2002, p. 108. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Schmidt 2014, p. 144. Schmidt, Bettina E. (2014). "Spirit Possession in Brazil: The Perception of the (Possessed) Body". Anthropos. 109 (1): 135–147. JSTOR43861689.
Pinto 1991, p. 88; Johnson 2002, pp. 112, 203, 205. Pinto, Tiago de Oliveira (1991). ""Making Ritual Drama:" Dance, Music, and Representation in Brazilian "Candomblé" and "Umbanda"". The World of Music. 33 (1): 70–88. JSTOR43562778. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Pinto 1991, p. 74. Pinto, Tiago de Oliveira (1991). ""Making Ritual Drama:" Dance, Music, and Representation in Brazilian "Candomblé" and "Umbanda"". The World of Music. 33 (1): 70–88. JSTOR43562778.
Pinto 1991, p. 84. Pinto, Tiago de Oliveira (1991). ""Making Ritual Drama:" Dance, Music, and Representation in Brazilian "Candomblé" and "Umbanda"". The World of Music. 33 (1): 70–88. JSTOR43562778.
Johnson 2002, pp. 82–83; Hayes 2007, p. 291; Capone 2010, p. 178. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Hayes 2007, p. 297. Hayes, Kelly E. (2007). "Black Magic and the Academy: Macumba and Afro-Brazilian "Orthodoxies"". History of Religions. 46 (4): 283–31. doi:10.1086/518811. JSTOR10.1086/518811.
Walker 1990, pp. 114–115; Capone 2010, p. 246. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Walker 1990, p. 106; Voeks 1997, p. 105. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Selka 2010, p. 292; Selka 2013, p. 405. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Selka, Stephen (2013). "Cityscapes and Contact Zones: Christianity, Candomblé, and African Heritage Tourism in Brazil". Religion. 43 (3): 403–420. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2013.798163. S2CID143213938.
Walker 1990, p. 124; Álvarez López & Edfeldt 2007, p. 151. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Álvarez López, Laura; Edfeldt, Chatarina (2007). "The Role of Language in the Construction of Gender and Ethnic-Religious Identities in Brazilian-Candomblé Communities". In Allyson Jule (ed.). Language and Religious Identity: Women in Discourse. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 149–171. ISBN978-0230517295.
Bahia 2016, p. 16. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Walker 1990, p. 112; Voeks 1997, p. 61. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Bahia 2016, p. 22. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Walker 1990, p. 108; Voeks 1997, p. 54; Johnson 2002, p. 14; Brazeal 2013, p. 105. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Brazeal, Brian (2013). "Coins for the Dead, Money on the Floor: Mortuary Ritual in Bahian Candomblé". In Roger Sansi-Roca (ed.). Economies of Relation: Money and Personhood in the Lusophone World. Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies. Tagus Press at the University of Massachusetts. pp. 103–124. ISBN978-1933227146.
Johnson 2002, p. 205; Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 141; Capone 2010, p. 267. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Walker 1990, p. 105; Voeks 1997, p. 77. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Walker 1990, p. 121; Johnson 2002, p. 136. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 117; Capone 2010, p. 122. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Walker 1990, p. 123; Johnson 2002, p. 14. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Bahia 2016, p. 23. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Walker 1990, p. 123; Voeks 1997, p. 73. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Walker 1990, p. 124; Johnson 2002, pp. 105–106. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Allen 2012, p. 20; Hartikainen 2017, p. 366. Allen, Andrea Stevenson (2012). ""Brides" without Husbands: Lesbians in the Afro-Brazilian Religion Candomblé". Transforming Anthropology. 20 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1111/j.1548-7466.2011.01141.x. S2CID144349076. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Álvarez López & Edfeldt 2007, p. 160; Allen 2012, p. 20. Álvarez López, Laura; Edfeldt, Chatarina (2007). "The Role of Language in the Construction of Gender and Ethnic-Religious Identities in Brazilian-Candomblé Communities". In Allyson Jule (ed.). Language and Religious Identity: Women in Discourse. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 149–171. ISBN978-0230517295. Allen, Andrea Stevenson (2012). ""Brides" without Husbands: Lesbians in the Afro-Brazilian Religion Candomblé". Transforming Anthropology. 20 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1111/j.1548-7466.2011.01141.x. S2CID144349076.
Selka 2010, p. 297; Allen 2012, p. 21. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Allen, Andrea Stevenson (2012). ""Brides" without Husbands: Lesbians in the Afro-Brazilian Religion Candomblé". Transforming Anthropology. 20 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1111/j.1548-7466.2011.01141.x. S2CID144349076.
Selka 2010, p. 297; Allen 2012, p. 20. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Allen, Andrea Stevenson (2012). ""Brides" without Husbands: Lesbians in the Afro-Brazilian Religion Candomblé". Transforming Anthropology. 20 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1111/j.1548-7466.2011.01141.x. S2CID144349076.
Johnson 2002, pp. 31, 202; Hartikainen 2017, p. 369. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Hartikainen 2017, p. 369. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Walker 1991, p. 48; Bahia 2016, p. 24. Walker, Sheila (1991). "A Choreography of the Universe: The Afro-Brazilian Candomble as a Microcosm of Yoruba Spiritual Geography". Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly. 16 (2): 42–50. doi:10.1525/ahu.1991.16.2.42. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 142; Brazeal 2013, p. 106. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398. Brazeal, Brian (2013). "Coins for the Dead, Money on the Floor: Mortuary Ritual in Bahian Candomblé". In Roger Sansi-Roca (ed.). Economies of Relation: Money and Personhood in the Lusophone World. Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies. Tagus Press at the University of Massachusetts. pp. 103–124. ISBN978-1933227146.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 142. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 143. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Sansi-Roca 2005, pp. 142–143. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 152. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 153. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Johnson 2002, pp. 136, 202; Selka 2010, p. 294; Brazeal 2013, p. 104; Bahia 2016, p. 28. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Brazeal, Brian (2013). "Coins for the Dead, Money on the Floor: Mortuary Ritual in Bahian Candomblé". In Roger Sansi-Roca (ed.). Economies of Relation: Money and Personhood in the Lusophone World. Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies. Tagus Press at the University of Massachusetts. pp. 103–124. ISBN978-1933227146. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Sansi-Roca 2005, p. 141. Sansi-Roca, Roger (2005). "The Hidden Life of Stones: Historicity, Materiality and the Value of Candomblé Objects in Bahia". Journal of Material Culture. 10 (2): 139–156. doi:10.1177/1359183505053072. S2CID144497398.
Walker 1990, p. 12; Johnson 2002, pp. 117–118. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 120; Johnson 2002, p. 117. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Walker 1990, p. 119; Johnson 2002, p. 108. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582.
Bahia 2016, p. 25. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Bahia 2016, p. 24. Bahia, Joana (2016). "Dancing with the Orixás: Music, Body and the Circulation of African Candomblé Symbols in Germany". African Diaspora. 9: 15–38. doi:10.1163/18725465-00901005. S2CID152159342.
Voeks 1997, p. 107; Hartikainen 2017, pp. 369–370. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Johnson 2002, p. 75; Capone 2010, pp. 178, 213; Castillo & Parés 2010, pp. 1, 18. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4. Castillo, Lisa Earl; Parés, Luis Nicolau (2010). "Marcelina da Silva: A Nineteenth-Century Candomblé Priestess in Bahia". Slavery & Abolition. 31 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1080/01440390903481639. S2CID143675040.
Wafer 1991, p. 56; Johnson 2002, p. 71; Capone 2010, p. 247; Hartikainen 2017, p. 374. Wafer, Jim (1991). The Taste of Blood: Spirit Possession in Brazilian Candomblé. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN978-0-8122-1341-6. Johnson, Paul Christopher (2002). Secrets, Gossip, and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195150582. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Walker 1990, pp. 114–115; Capone 2010, p. 246. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Capone, Stefania (2010). Searching for Africa in Brazil: Power and Tradition in Candomblé. Translated by Lucy Lyall Grant. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN978-0-8223-4636-4.
Walker 1990, p. 106; Voeks 1997, p. 105. Walker, Sheila (1990). "Everyday and Esoteric Reality in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé". History of Religions. 30 (2): 103–128. doi:10.1086/463217. JSTOR1062896. S2CID161240664. Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Sacred Leaves of Candomblé: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN9780292787315.
Hartikainen 2017, pp. 371–372. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Hartikainen 2017, pp. 360, 375–377. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Hartikainen 2017, p. 357. Hartikainen, Elina I. (2017). "Chronotopic Realignments and the Shifting Semiotics and Politics of Visibility in Brazilian Candomblé Activism". Signs and Society. 5 (2): 356–389. doi:10.1086/693784. S2CID158979230.
Selka 2010, p. 298; Selka 2013, p. 410. Selka, Stephen (2010). "Morality in the Religious Marketplace: Evangelical Christianity, Candomblé, and the Struggle for Moral Distinction in Brazil". American Ethnologist. 37 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01256.x. Selka, Stephen (2013). "Cityscapes and Contact Zones: Christianity, Candomblé, and African Heritage Tourism in Brazil". Religion. 43 (3): 403–420. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2013.798163. S2CID143213938.
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