Caral–Supe civilization (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Caral–Supe civilization" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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14doi.org

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10nih.gov

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9semanticscholar.org

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4web.archive.org

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3harvard.edu

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3unmsm.edu.pe

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2archive.org

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2jstor.org

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2books.google.com

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2springer.com

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2worldcat.org

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2bbc.co.uk

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1niu.edu

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1historyguild.org

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1files.wordpress.com

869^th place

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1unesco.org

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1cnn.com

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1historyworld.net

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1unl.edu

1,708^th place

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1hallofmaat.com

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1earthasweknowit.com

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1fieldmuseum.org

9,095^th place

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1discovermagazine.com

3,042^nd place

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1csmonitor.com

791^st place

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1newscientist.com

774^th place

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1indiana.edu

2,113^th place

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1archaeology.org

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1nature.com

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1athenapub.com

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archaeology.org

Atwood, Roger (July–August 2005). "A Monumental Feud". Archaeology. 58 (4). Retrieved 27 February 2007.

archive.org

Mann, Charles C. (2006) [2005]. 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. Vintage Books. pp. 199–212. ISBN 1-4000-3205-9.
Roberts, J.M. (2004). The New Penguin History of the World (Fourth ed.). London: Penguin Books. pp. 153. ISBN 9780141007236. [The Americas] are millennia behind the development of civilization elsewhere, whatever the cause of that may be. "The implied laggardness appears disproven by Norte Chico; in his work, Mann is sharply critical of the inattention provided the Pre-Columbian Americas."

athenapub.com

"Peruvian archaeologist accuses two US archaeologists of plagiarism". Athena Review (news archive summary). Athena Publications Inc. 22 January 2005. Archived from the original on 8 April 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2007.

bbc.co.uk

Kinver, Mark (25 February 2013). "Maize was key in early Andean civilisation, study shows". BBC News Online. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Oldest city in the Americas". BBC News. 26 April 2001. Retrieved 16 February 2007.

books.google.com

Rongxing Guo (2017), Behaviors of Nations. Dynamic Developments and the Origins of Civilizations. ISBN 9783319487724. Springer International Publishing. p. 49
Braswell, Geoffrey (16 April 2014). The Maya and Their Central American Neighbors: Settlement Patterns, Architecture, Hieroglyphic Texts and Ceramics. Routledge. p. 408. ISBN 978-1317756088.

cnn.com

See CNN, for instance. Given the tentative nature of much research surrounding Norte Chico, readers should be cautious of claims in general news sources.

csmonitor.com

Belsie, Laurent (January 2002). "Civilization lost?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 8 March 2007.

discovermagazine.com

Miller, Kenneth (September 2005). "Showdown at the O.K. Caral". Discover. 26 (9). Retrieved 22 October 2009.

doi.org

Haas, Jonathan; Winifred Creamer; Alvaro Ruiz (23 December 2004). "Dating the Late Archaic occupation of the Norte Chico region in Peru". Nature. 432 (7020): 1020–1023. Bibcode:2004Natur.432.1020H. doi:10.1038/nature03146. PMID 15616561. S2CID 4426545.
Moseley, Michael E.; Gordon R. Willey (1973). "Aspero, Peru: A Reexamination of the Site and Its Implications". American Antiquity. 38 (4). Society for American Archaeology: 452–468. doi:10.2307/279151. JSTOR 279151. S2CID 163284313. "We see the site as a 'peaking' of an essentially non-agricultural economy. Subsistence was still, basically, from the sea. But such subsistence supported a sedentary style of life, with communities of appreciable size."
Shady Solis, Ruth; Jonathan Haas; Winifred Creamer (27 April 2001). "Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru". Science. 292 (5517): 723–726. Bibcode:2001Sci...292..723S. doi:10.1126/science.1059519. PMID 11326098. S2CID 10172918.
Haas, Jonathan; Winifred Creamer; Alvaro Ruiz (2005). "Power and the Emergence of Complex Polities in the Peruvian Preceramic". Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association. 14 (1): 37–52. doi:10.1525/ap3a.2004.14.037.
Pringle, Heather (27 April 2001). "The First Urban Center in the Americas". Science. 292 (5517): 621. doi:10.1126/science.292.5517.621. PMID 11330310. S2CID 130819896."The claim in this Science 'News of the Week' column that Caral is the oldest urban center in the Americas is highly uncertain."
Haas, J.; Creamer, W.; Huaman Mesia, L.; Goldstein, D.; Reinhard, K.; Rodriguez, C. V. (2013). "Evidence for maize (Zea mays) in the Late Archaic (3000–1800 B.C.) in the Norte Chico region of Peru". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (13): 4945–9. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4945H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219425110. PMC 3612639. PMID 23440194.
Raymond, J. Scott (1981). "The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: A Reconsideration of the Evidence". American Antiquity. 46 (4). Society for American Archaeology: 806–821. doi:10.2307/280107. JSTOR 280107. S2CID 164171603.
Sandweiss, Daniel H.; Michael E. Moseley (2001). "Amplifying Importance of New Research in Peru". Science. 294 (5547): 1651–1653. doi:10.1126/science.294.5547.1651d. PMID 11724063. S2CID 9301114.
Mann, Charles C. (7 January 2005). "Oldest Civilization in the Americas Revealed". Science. 307 (5706): 34–35. doi:10.1126/science.307.5706.34. PMID 15637250. S2CID 161589785.
Beresford-Jones, David; Pullen, Alexander; Chauca, George; Cadwallader, Lauren; García, Maria; Salvatierra, Isabel; Whaley, Oliver; Vásquez, Víctor; Arce, Susana; Lane, Kevin; French, Charles (29 June 2017). "Refining the Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: How Plant Fiber Technology Drove Social Complexity During the Preceramic Period". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 25 (2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 393–425. doi:10.1007/s10816-017-9341-3. ISSN 1072-5369. PMC 5953975. PMID 29782575.
Beresford-Jones, David G.; Pomeroy, Emma; Alday, Camila; Benfer, Robert; Quilter, Jeffrey; O'Connell, Tamsin C.; Lightfoot, Emma (6 May 2021). "Diet and Lifestyle in the First Villages of the Middle Preceramic: Insights from Stable Isotope and Osteological Analyses of Human Remains from Paloma, Chilca I, La Yerba III, and Morro I". Latin American Antiquity. 32 (4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 741–759. doi:10.1017/laq.2021.24. ISSN 1045-6635. S2CID 235569923.
Hoag, Hanna (15 April 2003). "Oldest evidence of Andean religion found". Nature News (online). doi:10.1038/news030414-4.
Mann, Charles C. (12 August 2005). "Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364.
Hannah Hoag (15 April 2003). "Oldest evidence of Andean religion found". Nature. doi:10.1038/news030414-4.

earthasweknowit.com

Trupp, Tony (7 July 2024). "Caral-Supe and the Emergence of Andean Civilization". Earth As We Know It. Retrieved 21 December 2024.

fieldmuseum.org

The origins and development of complex society in Andean South America. Archived 2022-03-18 at the Wayback Machine Field Museum – fieldmuseum.org

files.wordpress.com

diggingperu.files.wordpress.com

"detailed map of Norte Chico sites".

hallofmaat.com

Moseley, Michael. "The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: An Evolving Hypothesis". The Hall of Ma'at. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2008.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Haas, Jonathan; Winifred Creamer; Alvaro Ruiz (23 December 2004). "Dating the Late Archaic occupation of the Norte Chico region in Peru". Nature. 432 (7020): 1020–1023. Bibcode:2004Natur.432.1020H. doi:10.1038/nature03146. PMID 15616561. S2CID 4426545.
Shady Solis, Ruth; Jonathan Haas; Winifred Creamer (27 April 2001). "Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru". Science. 292 (5517): 723–726. Bibcode:2001Sci...292..723S. doi:10.1126/science.1059519. PMID 11326098. S2CID 10172918.
Haas, J.; Creamer, W.; Huaman Mesia, L.; Goldstein, D.; Reinhard, K.; Rodriguez, C. V. (2013). "Evidence for maize (Zea mays) in the Late Archaic (3000–1800 B.C.) in the Norte Chico region of Peru". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (13): 4945–9. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4945H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219425110. PMC 3612639. PMID 23440194.

historyguild.org

"The Ancient Andes". History Guild. Retrieved 2 April 2023.

historyworld.net

"History of Peru". HISTORYWORLD. Retrieved 31 January 2007.

indiana.edu

White, Nancy. "Archaic/Preceramic (6000–2000 B.C.): Emergence of Sedentism, Early Ceramics". MATRIX. Indiana University Bloomington. Retrieved 8 March 2007.

jstor.org

Moseley, Michael E.; Gordon R. Willey (1973). "Aspero, Peru: A Reexamination of the Site and Its Implications". American Antiquity. 38 (4). Society for American Archaeology: 452–468. doi:10.2307/279151. JSTOR 279151. S2CID 163284313. "We see the site as a 'peaking' of an essentially non-agricultural economy. Subsistence was still, basically, from the sea. But such subsistence supported a sedentary style of life, with communities of appreciable size."
Raymond, J. Scott (1981). "The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: A Reconsideration of the Evidence". American Antiquity. 46 (4). Society for American Archaeology: 806–821. doi:10.2307/280107. JSTOR 280107. S2CID 164171603.

nature.com

Hannah Hoag (15 April 2003). "Oldest evidence of Andean religion found". Nature. doi:10.1038/news030414-4.

newscientist.com

Hecht, Jeff (14 April 2003). "America's oldest religious icon revealed". New Scientist (online). Retrieved 13 February 2007.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Haas, Jonathan; Winifred Creamer; Alvaro Ruiz (23 December 2004). "Dating the Late Archaic occupation of the Norte Chico region in Peru". Nature. 432 (7020): 1020–1023. Bibcode:2004Natur.432.1020H. doi:10.1038/nature03146. PMID 15616561. S2CID 4426545.
Shady Solis, Ruth; Jonathan Haas; Winifred Creamer (27 April 2001). "Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru". Science. 292 (5517): 723–726. Bibcode:2001Sci...292..723S. doi:10.1126/science.1059519. PMID 11326098. S2CID 10172918.
Pringle, Heather (27 April 2001). "The First Urban Center in the Americas". Science. 292 (5517): 621. doi:10.1126/science.292.5517.621. PMID 11330310. S2CID 130819896."The claim in this Science 'News of the Week' column that Caral is the oldest urban center in the Americas is highly uncertain."
Haas, J.; Creamer, W.; Huaman Mesia, L.; Goldstein, D.; Reinhard, K.; Rodriguez, C. V. (2013). "Evidence for maize (Zea mays) in the Late Archaic (3000–1800 B.C.) in the Norte Chico region of Peru". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (13): 4945–9. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4945H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219425110. PMC 3612639. PMID 23440194.
Sandweiss, Daniel H.; Michael E. Moseley (2001). "Amplifying Importance of New Research in Peru". Science. 294 (5547): 1651–1653. doi:10.1126/science.294.5547.1651d. PMID 11724063. S2CID 9301114.
Mann, Charles C. (7 January 2005). "Oldest Civilization in the Americas Revealed". Science. 307 (5706): 34–35. doi:10.1126/science.307.5706.34. PMID 15637250. S2CID 161589785.
Beresford-Jones, David; Pullen, Alexander; Chauca, George; Cadwallader, Lauren; García, Maria; Salvatierra, Isabel; Whaley, Oliver; Vásquez, Víctor; Arce, Susana; Lane, Kevin; French, Charles (29 June 2017). "Refining the Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: How Plant Fiber Technology Drove Social Complexity During the Preceramic Period". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 25 (2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 393–425. doi:10.1007/s10816-017-9341-3. ISSN 1072-5369. PMC 5953975. PMID 29782575.
Mann, Charles C. (12 August 2005). "Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Haas, J.; Creamer, W.; Huaman Mesia, L.; Goldstein, D.; Reinhard, K.; Rodriguez, C. V. (2013). "Evidence for maize (Zea mays) in the Late Archaic (3000–1800 B.C.) in the Norte Chico region of Peru". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (13): 4945–9. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4945H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219425110. PMC 3612639. PMID 23440194.
Beresford-Jones, David; Pullen, Alexander; Chauca, George; Cadwallader, Lauren; García, Maria; Salvatierra, Isabel; Whaley, Oliver; Vásquez, Víctor; Arce, Susana; Lane, Kevin; French, Charles (29 June 2017). "Refining the Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: How Plant Fiber Technology Drove Social Complexity During the Preceramic Period". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 25 (2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 393–425. doi:10.1007/s10816-017-9341-3. ISSN 1072-5369. PMC 5953975. PMID 29782575.

niu.edu

"Archaeologists shed new light on Americas' earliest known civilization" (Press release). Northern Illinois University. 22 December 2004. Archived from the original on 9 February 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2007.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Haas, Jonathan; Winifred Creamer; Alvaro Ruiz (23 December 2004). "Dating the Late Archaic occupation of the Norte Chico region in Peru". Nature. 432 (7020): 1020–1023. Bibcode:2004Natur.432.1020H. doi:10.1038/nature03146. PMID 15616561. S2CID 4426545.
Moseley, Michael E.; Gordon R. Willey (1973). "Aspero, Peru: A Reexamination of the Site and Its Implications". American Antiquity. 38 (4). Society for American Archaeology: 452–468. doi:10.2307/279151. JSTOR 279151. S2CID 163284313. "We see the site as a 'peaking' of an essentially non-agricultural economy. Subsistence was still, basically, from the sea. But such subsistence supported a sedentary style of life, with communities of appreciable size."
Shady Solis, Ruth; Jonathan Haas; Winifred Creamer (27 April 2001). "Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru". Science. 292 (5517): 723–726. Bibcode:2001Sci...292..723S. doi:10.1126/science.1059519. PMID 11326098. S2CID 10172918.
Pringle, Heather (27 April 2001). "The First Urban Center in the Americas". Science. 292 (5517): 621. doi:10.1126/science.292.5517.621. PMID 11330310. S2CID 130819896."The claim in this Science 'News of the Week' column that Caral is the oldest urban center in the Americas is highly uncertain."
Raymond, J. Scott (1981). "The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: A Reconsideration of the Evidence". American Antiquity. 46 (4). Society for American Archaeology: 806–821. doi:10.2307/280107. JSTOR 280107. S2CID 164171603.
Sandweiss, Daniel H.; Michael E. Moseley (2001). "Amplifying Importance of New Research in Peru". Science. 294 (5547): 1651–1653. doi:10.1126/science.294.5547.1651d. PMID 11724063. S2CID 9301114.
Mann, Charles C. (7 January 2005). "Oldest Civilization in the Americas Revealed". Science. 307 (5706): 34–35. doi:10.1126/science.307.5706.34. PMID 15637250. S2CID 161589785.
Beresford-Jones, David G.; Pomeroy, Emma; Alday, Camila; Benfer, Robert; Quilter, Jeffrey; O'Connell, Tamsin C.; Lightfoot, Emma (6 May 2021). "Diet and Lifestyle in the First Villages of the Middle Preceramic: Insights from Stable Isotope and Osteological Analyses of Human Remains from Paloma, Chilca I, La Yerba III, and Morro I". Latin American Antiquity. 32 (4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 741–759. doi:10.1017/laq.2021.24. ISSN 1045-6635. S2CID 235569923.
Mann, Charles C. (12 August 2005). "Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364.

springer.com

Ruth Shady Solis (2006), America’s First City? The Case of Late Archaic Caral
Ruth Shady Solis (2006), America’s First City? The Case of Late Archaic Caral

unesco.org

whc.unesco.org

"Sacred City of Caral-Supe". UNESCO. Retrieved 9 June 2011.

unl.edu

digitalcommons.unl.edu

Haas, J.; Creamer, W.; Huaman Mesia, L.; Goldstein, D.; Reinhard, K.; Rodriguez, C. V. (2013). "Evidence for maize (Zea mays) in the Late Archaic (3000–1800 B.C.) in the Norte Chico region of Peru". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (13): 4945–9. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4945H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219425110. PMC 3612639. PMID 23440194.

unmsm.edu.pe

sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe

Shady Solís, Ruth Martha (1997). La ciudad sagrada de Caral-Supe en los albores de la civilización en el Perú (in Spanish). Lima: UNMSM, Fondo Editorial. Retrieved 3 March 2007.
From summary three, Shady (1997)
From summary three, Shady (1997): El número de centros urbanos (17), identificado en el valle de Supe, y su magnitud, requirieron de una gran cantidad de mano de obra y de los excedentes, para su edificación, mantenimiento, remodelación y enterramiento. Si consideramos exclusivamente la capacidad productiva de este pequeño valle, esa inversión no habría podido ser realizada sin la participación de las comunidades de los valles vecinos. The number of urban centers (17) identified in the Supe Valley, and their magnitude, requires a great quantity of surplus labor for their construction, maintenance, remodeling and burial. If we consider exclusively the productive capacity of this small valley, this investment could not have been realized without the participation of the communities of neighboring valleys.

web.archive.org

"Archaeologists shed new light on Americas' earliest known civilization" (Press release). Northern Illinois University. 22 December 2004. Archived from the original on 9 February 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2007.
Moseley, Michael. "The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: An Evolving Hypothesis". The Hall of Ma'at. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2008.
The origins and development of complex society in Andean South America. Archived 2022-03-18 at the Wayback Machine Field Museum – fieldmuseum.org
"Peruvian archaeologist accuses two US archaeologists of plagiarism". Athena Review (news archive summary). Athena Publications Inc. 22 January 2005. Archived from the original on 8 April 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2007.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Beresford-Jones, David; Pullen, Alexander; Chauca, George; Cadwallader, Lauren; García, Maria; Salvatierra, Isabel; Whaley, Oliver; Vásquez, Víctor; Arce, Susana; Lane, Kevin; French, Charles (29 June 2017). "Refining the Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: How Plant Fiber Technology Drove Social Complexity During the Preceramic Period". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 25 (2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 393–425. doi:10.1007/s10816-017-9341-3. ISSN 1072-5369. PMC 5953975. PMID 29782575.
Beresford-Jones, David G.; Pomeroy, Emma; Alday, Camila; Benfer, Robert; Quilter, Jeffrey; O'Connell, Tamsin C.; Lightfoot, Emma (6 May 2021). "Diet and Lifestyle in the First Villages of the Middle Preceramic: Insights from Stable Isotope and Osteological Analyses of Human Remains from Paloma, Chilca I, La Yerba III, and Morro I". Latin American Antiquity. 32 (4). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 741–759. doi:10.1017/laq.2021.24. ISSN 1045-6635. S2CID 235569923.