David Parlett (September 30, 2013). "Card Game". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
Theobald, Ulrich (September 30, 2012). "Duyang zabian". ChinaKnowledge.de: An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
Lo, A. (2009). "The game of leaves: An inquiry into the origin of Chinese playing cards". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 63 (3): 389–406. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00008466. S2CID159872810.
Dummett, Michael; Abu-Deeb, Kamal (1973), "Some remarks on Mamluk playing cards", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 63: 106–128, doi:10.2307/751160, JSTOR751160, S2CID192948205
Dummett, Michael; Abu-Deeb, Kamal (1973), "Some remarks on Mamluk playing cards", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 63: 106–128, doi:10.2307/751160, JSTOR751160, S2CID192948205
Lo, A. (2009). "The game of leaves: An inquiry into the origin of Chinese playing cards". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 63 (3): 389–406. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00008466. S2CID159872810.
Dummett, Michael; Abu-Deeb, Kamal (1973), "Some remarks on Mamluk playing cards", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 63: 106–128, doi:10.2307/751160, JSTOR751160, S2CID192948205
David Parlett (September 30, 2013). "Card Game". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved September 13, 2018.