Carnism (English Wikipedia)

DeMello, Margo (2012). Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-Animal Studies. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 138.
Kool, V. K.; Agrawal, Rita (2009). "The Psychology of Nonkilling", in Joám Evans Pim (ed.),Toward a Nonkilling Paradigm, Center for Global Nonkilling, pp. 353–356.
Mahlke, Sandra (2014). Das Machtverhältnis zwischen Mensch und Tier im Kontext sprachlicher Distanzierungsmechanismen: Anthropozentrismus, Speziesismus und Karnismus in der kritischen Diskursanalyse. Diplomica Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8428-9140-1.
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Packwood-Freeman, Carrie; Perez, Oana Leventi (2012). "Pardon Your Turkey and Eat Him Too", in Joshua Frye, Michael S. Bruner (eds.), The Rhetoric of Food: Discourse, Materiality, and Power, Routledge, pp. 103ff.
Mizelle, Brett (2015). "Unthinkable Visibility: Pigs, Pork and the Spectacle of Killing and Meat", in Marguerite S. Shaffer, Phoebe S. K. Young (eds.), Rendering Nature: Animals, Bodies, Places, Politics, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 264; Mizelle, Brett (2012). Pig, Reaktion Books, pp. 105–106.

britannica.com

advocacy.britannica.com

Rose, Marla (8 November 2010). "An Interview with Dr. Melanie Joy", Encyclopædia Britannica Advocacy for Animals.

cattlenetwork.com

Murphy, Dan (19 August 2011). "Commentary: The carnist conundrum". Drovers Cattle Network. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2015.

doi.org

Gibert, Martin; Desaulniers, Élise (2014). "Carnism" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer Netherlands. pp. 292–298. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0929-4_83. ISBN 978-94-007-0929-4.
Dhont, Kristof; Hodson, Gordon (2014). "Why do right-wing adherents engage in more animal exploitation and meat consumption?", Personality and Individual Differences, 64, July (pp. 12–17), p. 4. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.002
Piazza, Jared; et al. (August 2015). "Rationalizing meat consumption. The 4Ns" (PDF). Appetite. 91: 114–128. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.011. hdl:20.500.11820/9cf94fc6-b4a9-4066-af4a-9c53d2fd3122. PMID 25865663. S2CID 11686309.

"How people defend eating meat", Lancaster University, 15 May 2015.
Loughnan, Steve; Bastian, Brock; Haslam, Nick (2014). "The Psychology of Eating Animals", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(2), April, pp. 104–108. doi:10.1177/0963721414525781
Loughnan, Steve; et al. (2010). "The role of meat consumption in the denial of moral status and mind to meat animals". Appetite. 55 (1): 156–159. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.05.043. PMID 20488214. S2CID 29487745.
Rothgerber, Hank (August 2014). "Efforts to overcome vegetarian-induced dissonance among meat eaters". Appetite. 79: 32–41. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.04.003. PMID 24727102. S2CID 12089867.
Bastian, Brock; et al. (2011). "Don't mind meat? The denial of mind to animals used for human consumption" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 38 (2): 247–256. doi:10.1177/0146167211424291. PMID 21980158. S2CID 22757046.
Barr, W. Andrew; Pobiner, Briana; et al. (2022). "No sustained increase in zooarchaeological evidence for carnivory after the appearance of Homo erectus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 119 (5): e2115540119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11915540B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2115540119. PMC 8812535. PMID 35074877.

ed.ac.uk

pure.ed.ac.uk

Piazza, Jared; et al. (August 2015). "Rationalizing meat consumption. The 4Ns" (PDF). Appetite. 91: 114–128. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.011. hdl:20.500.11820/9cf94fc6-b4a9-4066-af4a-9c53d2fd3122. PMID 25865663. S2CID 11686309.

"How people defend eating meat", Lancaster University, 15 May 2015.

files.wordpress.com

martingibert.files.wordpress.com

Gibert, Martin; Desaulniers, Élise (2014). "Carnism" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer Netherlands. pp. 292–298. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0929-4_83. ISBN 978-94-007-0929-4.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Piazza, Jared; et al. (August 2015). "Rationalizing meat consumption. The 4Ns" (PDF). Appetite. 91: 114–128. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.011. hdl:20.500.11820/9cf94fc6-b4a9-4066-af4a-9c53d2fd3122. PMID 25865663. S2CID 11686309.

"How people defend eating meat", Lancaster University, 15 May 2015.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Barr, W. Andrew; Pobiner, Briana; et al. (2022). "No sustained increase in zooarchaeological evidence for carnivory after the appearance of Homo erectus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 119 (5): e2115540119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11915540B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2115540119. PMC 8812535. PMID 35074877.

huffingtonpost.com

Spencer, Stephan (13 September 2013). "Friend or Food? The Ideology of How We Decide". The Huffington Post: The Blog. Retrieved 19 August 2015.

kent.ac.uk

kar.kent.ac.uk

Dhont, Kristof; Hodson, Gordon (2014). "Why do right-wing adherents engage in more animal exploitation and meat consumption?", Personality and Individual Differences, 64, July (pp. 12–17), p. 4. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.002

lancaster.ac.uk

Piazza, Jared; et al. (August 2015). "Rationalizing meat consumption. The 4Ns" (PDF). Appetite. 91: 114–128. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.011. hdl:20.500.11820/9cf94fc6-b4a9-4066-af4a-9c53d2fd3122. PMID 25865663. S2CID 11686309.

"How people defend eating meat", Lancaster University, 15 May 2015.

nbcnews.com

Sloat, Sarah (24 January 2022). "Did eating meat make us human? New research casts some doubt". NBC News. Retrieved 25 January 2022.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Piazza, Jared; et al. (August 2015). "Rationalizing meat consumption. The 4Ns" (PDF). Appetite. 91: 114–128. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.011. hdl:20.500.11820/9cf94fc6-b4a9-4066-af4a-9c53d2fd3122. PMID 25865663. S2CID 11686309.

"How people defend eating meat", Lancaster University, 15 May 2015.
Loughnan, Steve; et al. (2010). "The role of meat consumption in the denial of moral status and mind to meat animals". Appetite. 55 (1): 156–159. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.05.043. PMID 20488214. S2CID 29487745.
Rothgerber, Hank (August 2014). "Efforts to overcome vegetarian-induced dissonance among meat eaters". Appetite. 79: 32–41. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.04.003. PMID 24727102. S2CID 12089867.
Bastian, Brock; et al. (2011). "Don't mind meat? The denial of mind to animals used for human consumption" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 38 (2): 247–256. doi:10.1177/0146167211424291. PMID 21980158. S2CID 22757046.
Barr, W. Andrew; Pobiner, Briana; et al. (2022). "No sustained increase in zooarchaeological evidence for carnivory after the appearance of Homo erectus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 119 (5): e2115540119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11915540B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2115540119. PMC 8812535. PMID 35074877.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Barr, W. Andrew; Pobiner, Briana; et al. (2022). "No sustained increase in zooarchaeological evidence for carnivory after the appearance of Homo erectus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 119 (5): e2115540119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11915540B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2115540119. PMC 8812535. PMID 35074877.

nutritionfacts.org

Greger, Michael (6 June 2014). "Do vegetarians get enough protein?".

nymag.com

Singal, Jesse (4 June 2015). "The 4 Ways People Rationalize Eating Meat", New York Magazine.

nytimes.com

schott.blogs.nytimes.com

Schott, Ben (11 January 2010). "Carnism", Schott's Vocab, The New York Times.

penseravantdouvrirlabouche.com

Desaulniers, Élise (30 January 2015). "Le végétarisme et ses ennemis: entrevue avec Renan Larue". Retrieved 6 August 2015.

psychologytoday.com

Herzog, Hal (2011). "Having Your Dog and Eating It Too?", Psychology Today.
Hodson, Gordon (3 March 2014). "The Meat Paradox: Loving but Exploiting Animals", Psychology Today.

satyamag.com

Joy, Melanie (2001). "From Carnivore to Carnist: Liberating the Language of Meat", Satya, 18(2), September, pp. 126–127; Joy, Melanie (2003). Psychic Numbing and Meat Consumption: The Psychology of Carnism, doctoral dissertation, Saybrook Graduate School, San Francisco.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Piazza, Jared; et al. (August 2015). "Rationalizing meat consumption. The 4Ns" (PDF). Appetite. 91: 114–128. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.011. hdl:20.500.11820/9cf94fc6-b4a9-4066-af4a-9c53d2fd3122. PMID 25865663. S2CID 11686309.

"How people defend eating meat", Lancaster University, 15 May 2015.
Loughnan, Steve; et al. (2010). "The role of meat consumption in the denial of moral status and mind to meat animals". Appetite. 55 (1): 156–159. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.05.043. PMID 20488214. S2CID 29487745.
Rothgerber, Hank (August 2014). "Efforts to overcome vegetarian-induced dissonance among meat eaters". Appetite. 79: 32–41. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.04.003. PMID 24727102. S2CID 12089867.
Bastian, Brock; et al. (2011). "Don't mind meat? The denial of mind to animals used for human consumption" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 38 (2): 247–256. doi:10.1177/0146167211424291. PMID 21980158. S2CID 22757046.

smh.com.au

Goodyer, Paula (1 June 2015). "Meat eaters justify diet using 'Four Ns': natural, necessary, normal, nice". Sydney Morning Herald.

thestatesman.com

Gandhi, Maneka (5 July 2015). "From cuisine to corpses to 'carnism'". The Statesman. Retrieved 19 August 2015.

transcript-verlag.de

Mannes, Jeff (2015). "Karnismus". Lexikon der Mensch-Tier-Beziehungen. Transcript Verlag. pp. 191–193. ISBN 978-3-8376-2232-4.

understandingprejudice.org

Plous, Scott (2002). "Is there such a thing as discrimination towards animals?" (PDF). In Plous, Scott (ed.). Understanding Prejudice and Discrimination. McGraw Hill Higher Education. pp. 509–528. ISBN 978-0-07-255443-4. Retrieved 9 August 2015.

univie.ac.at

foodethics.univie.ac.at

Loughnan, Steve; Bastian, Brock; Haslam, Nick (2014). "The Psychology of Eating Animals", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(2), April, pp. 104–108. doi:10.1177/0963721414525781

uq.edu.au

www2.psy.uq.edu.au

Bastian, Brock; et al. (2011). "Don't mind meat? The denial of mind to animals used for human consumption" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 38 (2): 247–256. doi:10.1177/0146167211424291. PMID 21980158. S2CID 22757046.

web.archive.org

Murphy, Dan (19 August 2011). "Commentary: The carnist conundrum". Drovers Cattle Network. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2015.