Causes of World War I (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Causes of World War I" in English language version.

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archive.org

Lieven, D. C. B. (1983). Russia and the Origins of the First World War. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-69611-5.
Owings, W. A. Dolph. (1984). The Sarajevo Trial. Chapel Hill, NC: Documentary Publications. pp. 117–118, 129–131, 140, 142. ISBN 0897121228.
"The Forces Behind the Conflict". The Independent. 1914-08-10. p. 196. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
"Anglo-German Antagonism". The Independent. 1914-08-17. pp. 229–230. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
Ferguson (1999). Ferguson, Niall (1999). The Pity of War. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-05712-2.
Clark (2013), p. 324. Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
Ferguson (1999), p. 53. Ferguson, Niall (1999). The Pity of War. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-05712-2.
Clark (2013), p. 159. Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
Hamilton, K.A. (1977). "Great Britain and France, 1911–1914". In Hinsley, F.H. (ed.). British Foreign Policy Under Sir Edward Grey. Cambridge University Press. p. 324. ISBN 978-0-521-21347-9.
Clark (2013), p. 157. Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
Sontag, Raymond James (1933). European Diplomatic History 1871—1930. The Century Historical Series. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. p. p. 160. LCCN 33004046. OCLC 397267. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
Clark (2013), p. 242. Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
Clark (2013), p. 68. Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
Clark (2013), pp. 77–78. Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
Clark (2013), p. 77. Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
Fischer, Fritz (1967). Germany's Aims in the First World War. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-09798-6.
Pupin, Michael (1914-07-13). "Serb and Austrian". The Independent. pp. 67–68. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
Strong, Josuah (1885). Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis. (New York: The baker & Taylor Co), p 174-175, https://archive.org/details/cu31924020347534/page/n189/mode/2up?view=theater
Clarke, Ignatius Frederick (1995). The Tale of the Next Great War, 1871-1914: Fictions of Future Warfare and of Battles Still to Come. (Liverpool University Press), p 19, https://archive.org/details/taleofnextgreatw00ifcl/page/18/mode/2up?view=theater
Vacher de Lapouge, Georges (1899). L'Aryen: Son Rôle Social. (Paris: Albert Fontemoing. The Aryan: His Social Role, chapter "The future of the Aryans," p 491-502).
Ferguson, Niall. (2005). 1914: Why the World Went to War. (London: Penguin), p 1-2, https://archive.org/details/1914whyworldwent00ferg/page/2/mode/2up
Churchill, Winston (1923). The World Crisis. (Toronto: Macmillan), p 41, https://archive.org/details/worldcrisis00chur/page/40/mode/2up?q=planetary
Lloyd George, David (1934). War Memoirs. (Chapel River Press), vol I, p 77-78, https://archive.org/details/warmemoriesofdav0001unse/page/76/mode/2up?q=boom
Ferguson (1999), p. 82. Ferguson, Niall (1999). The Pity of War. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-05712-2.
Ferguson (1999), p. 85. Ferguson, Niall (1999). The Pity of War. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-05712-2.
Ferguson (1999), pp. 83–85. Ferguson, Niall (1999). The Pity of War. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-05712-2.
Ferguson (1999), p. 97. Ferguson, Niall (1999). The Pity of War. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-05712-2.
Clark (2013), p. 562. Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
Taylor, A.J.P. (1969). War by Time-table: How the First World War Began. Macdonald & Co. ISBN 9780356028187.
Clark (2013), p. 509. Clark, Christopher (2013). The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.

bbc.co.uk

"World War One: 10 interpretations of who started WW1". BBC News. 12 February 2014. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.

beniculturali.it

"La Grande Guerra nei manifesti italiani dell'epoca" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2021.

books.google.com

Fischer, Fritz (1975). War of illusions: German policies from 1911 to 1914. Chatto and Windus. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-3930-5480-4.
Henig, Ruth (2006). The Origins of the First World War. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-85200-0.
Hamilton, K.A. (1977). "Great Britain and France, 1911–1914". In Hinsley, F.H. (ed.). British Foreign Policy Under Sir Edward Grey. Cambridge University Press. p. 324. ISBN 978-0-521-21347-9.
Williamson (1991), pp. 125–140. Williamson, Samuel R. Jr. (1991). Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-05283-6.
Williamson (1991), pp. 143–145. Williamson, Samuel R. Jr. (1991). Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-05283-6.
Williamson (1991), pp. 147–149. Williamson, Samuel R. Jr. (1991). Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-05283-6.
Williamson (1991), pp. 151–154. Williamson, Samuel R. Jr. (1991). Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-05283-6.
Hull, Isabel V. (2004). The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1888-1918. Cambridge University Press. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-521-53321-8.
Neiberg, Michael S. (2007). The World War I Reader. NYU Press. p. 309. ISBN 978-0-8147-5833-5.
Lebow, Richard Ned (2010). Forbidden Fruit: Counterfactuals and International Relations. Princeton University Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-1400835126. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
Genovesi, Piergiovanni (11 June 2009). Il Manuale di Storia in Italia, di Piergiovanni Genovesi (in Italian). FrancoAngeli. ISBN 978-8856818680. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
Scottà, Antonio (2003). La Conferenza di pace di Parigi fra ieri e domani (1919-1920), di Antonio Scottà (in Italian). Rubbettino Editore. ISBN 9788849802481. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
White, George W. (2000). Nationalism and Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 239–241. ISBN 978-0-8476-9809-7. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
Stavrianos, Leften Stavros (2000). The Balkans Since 1453. Hurst. pp. 394–398. ISBN 978-1-85065-551-0. Retrieved 29 May 2025.
Greg Cashman; Leonard C. Robinson (2007). An Introduction to the Causes of War: Patterns of Interstate Conflict from World War I to Iraq. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 54. ISBN 9780742555105.
Marvin Perry; et al. (2012). Western Civilization: Since 1400. Cengage Learning. p. 703. ISBN 978-1111831691.
Mowat, C. L., ed. (1968). The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 12, The Shifting Balance of World Forces, 1898-1945. Cambridge University Press. pp. 151–152. ISBN 978-0-521-04551-3.
Weikart, Richard (2004). From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics and Racism in Germany. Palgrave Macmillan US. ISBN 978-1-4039-6502-8.^{[page needed]}
Hamilton, Richard F.; Herwig, Holger H. (2003). The Origins of World War I. Cambridge University Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780521817356.
Grimmer-Solem, Erik (26 September 2019). Learning Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108483827. Retrieved 19 August 2023. [...] France passed the Three Year Law in July 1913 raising the term of French military service to three years and thereby raising France's peacetime military strength to over 700,000 men.
Hinsley, F. H., ed. (1962). The New Cambridge Modern History: Material progress and world-wide problems, 1870-189. University Press. pp. 204–242. ISBN 9780521075244. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Blyth, Robert J.; Lambert, Andrew; Rüger, Jan, eds. (2011). The Dreadnought and the Edwardian Age. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-6315-7.^{[page needed]}
Jelavich, Barbara (2004). Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 1806-1914. Cambridge University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-521-52250-2.
McMeekin, Sean (2011). The Russian Origins of the First World War. Harvard University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-674-06320-4.

doi.org

Van Evera, Stephen (Summer 1984). "The Cult of the Offensive and the Origins of the First World War". International Security. 9 (1): 58–107. doi:10.2307/2538636. JSTOR 2538636.
Snyder, Glenn H. (1984). "The Security Dilemma in Alliance Politics". World Politics. 36 (4): 461–495. doi:10.2307/2010183. JSTOR 2010183.
Jervis, Robert (1978). "Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma". World Politics. 30 (2): 167–214. doi:10.2307/2009958. hdl:2027/uc1.31158011478350. JSTOR 2009958.
Snyder, Jack (1984). "Civil-Military Relations and the Cult of the Offensive, 1914 and 1984". International Security. 9 (1): 108–146. doi:10.2307/2538637. JSTOR 2538637.
Sagan, Scott D. (Fall 1986). "1914 Revisited: Allies, Offense, and Instability". International Security. 11 (2): 151–175. doi:10.2307/2538961. JSTOR 2538961.
Van Evera, Stephen (Summer 1984). "The Cult of the Offensive and the Origins of the First World War". International Security. 9 (1): 80–82. doi:10.2307/2538636. JSTOR 2538636.
MacFie, A. L. (1983). "The Straits Question in the First World War, 1914-18". Middle Eastern Studies. 19 (1): 43–74. doi:10.1080/00263208308700533. JSTOR 4282922.
Hewitson, Mark (2000). "Germany and France before the First World War: a reassessment of Wilhelmine foreign policy". English Historical Review. 115 (462): 570–606. doi:10.1093/ehr/115.462.570.
Wilson, Keith (1972). "The Agadir Crisis, the Mansion House Speech, and the Double-Edgedness of Agreements". The Historical Journal. 15 (3): 513–532. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00002806. JSTOR 2637768.
Wohlforth, William C. (April 1987). "The Perception of Power: Russia in the Pre-1914 Balance". World Politics. 39 (3): 353–381. doi:10.2307/2010224. JSTOR 2010224.
Trumpener, Ulrich (1966). "Liman von Sanders and the German-Ottoman Alliance". Journal of Contemporary History. 1 (4): 179–192. doi:10.1177/002200946600100407. JSTOR 259896.
Wargelin 1997, p. 758. Wargelin, Clifford F. (December 1997). "A High Price for Bread: The First Treaty of Brest- Litovsk and the Break-Up of Austria-Hungary, 1917–1918". The International History Review. 19 (4): 757–788. doi:10.1080/07075332.1997.9640803.
Levy, Jack S.; Mulligan, William (15 March 2021). "Why 1914 but Not Before? A Comparative Study of the July Crisis and Its Precursors". Security Studies. 30 (2): 213–244. doi:10.1080/09636412.2021.1915584.
Wargelin 1997, pp. 758, 760. Wargelin, Clifford F. (December 1997). "A High Price for Bread: The First Treaty of Brest- Litovsk and the Break-Up of Austria-Hungary, 1917–1918". The International History Review. 19 (4): 757–788. doi:10.1080/07075332.1997.9640803.
Wargelin 1997, p. 760. Wargelin, Clifford F. (December 1997). "A High Price for Bread: The First Treaty of Brest- Litovsk and the Break-Up of Austria-Hungary, 1917–1918". The International History Review. 19 (4): 757–788. doi:10.1080/07075332.1997.9640803.
Conti, Fulvio (20 October 2015). "From Universalism to Nationalism: Italian Freemasonry and the Great War". Journal of Modern Italian Studies. 20 (5): 640–662. doi:10.1080/1354571X.2015.1096518.
Heffernan, Michael (January 2002). "The Politics of the Map in the Early Twentieth Century". Cartography and Geographic Information Science. 29 (3): 207–226. Bibcode:2002CGISc..29..207H. doi:10.1559/152304002782008512.
Ratzel, Friedrich (July 2018). "Lebensraum: a biogeographical study [1901]". Journal of Historical Geography. 61: 59–80. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2018.03.001.
Weikart, Richard (1993). "The Origins of Social Darwinism in Germany, 1859-1895". Journal of the History of Ideas. 54 (3): 469–488. doi:10.2307/2710024. JSTOR 2710024.
Schubert, Michael (2011). "The 'German nation' and the 'black Other': social Darwinism and the cultural mission in German colonial discourse". Patterns of Prejudice. 45 (5): 399–416. doi:10.1080/0031322x.2011.624754.
Brose, Eric (2014). "Arms Race prior to 1914, Armament Policy". 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War. doi:10.15463/ie1418.10219.
Mulligan (2014), pp. 643–649. Mulligan, William (2014). "The Trial Continues: New Directions in the Study of the Origins of the First World War". The English Historical Review. 129 (538): 639–666. doi:10.1093/ehr/ceu139.
Mulligan (2014), pp. 646–647. Mulligan, William (2014). "The Trial Continues: New Directions in the Study of the Origins of the First World War". The English Historical Review. 129 (538): 639–666. doi:10.1093/ehr/ceu139.
Ross, Angus (30 April 2010). "HMS Dreadnought (1906) – A Naval Revolution Misinterpreted or Mishandled?". The Northern Mariner / Le Marin du Nord. 20 (2): 175–198. doi:10.25071/2561-5467.491.
Lambert, Nicholas A. (September 1995). "British Naval Policy, 1913–1914: Financial Limitation and Strategic Revolution". The Journal of Modern History. 67 (3): 623–626. doi:10.1086/245174. JSTOR 2124221.
Schroeder, Paul W. (1972). "World War I as Galloping Gertie: A Reply to Joachim Remak". The Journal of Modern History. 44 (3): 320–345. doi:10.1086/240800. JSTOR 1876415.
Mombauer, Annika (2015). "Guilt or Responsibility? The Hundred-Year Debate on the Origins of World War I". Central European History. 48 (4): 541–564. doi:10.1017/S0008938915001144. JSTOR 43965205.

firstworldwar.com

"First World War.com - Who's Who - Otto Liman von Sanders". www.firstworldwar.com. Archived from the original on 2007-12-27. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
"Primary Documents – Treaty of London, 26 April 1915". FirstWorldWar.com. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.

ghostarchive.org

Clark, Christopher (17 April 2014). Europe: Then and Now. Center for Strategic and International Studies l. 26-27 minutes in. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07 – via YouTube.

google.co.il

books.google.co.il

Ostrovsky, Max (2007). The Hyperbola of the World Order. (Lanham: University Press of America), p 50, 129-140, https://books.google.co.il/books?redir_esc=y&hl=ru&id=9b0gn89Ep0gC&q=imperial+belt#v=onepage&q=ratzel&f=false

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Jervis, Robert (1978). "Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma". World Politics. 30 (2): 167–214. doi:10.2307/2009958. hdl:2027/uc1.31158011478350. JSTOR 2009958.
Askew, William Clarence (1942). Europe and Italy's Acquisition of Libya, 1911-1912. Duke University Press. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004934587.^{[page needed]}

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Heffernan, Michael (January 2002). "The Politics of the Map in the Early Twentieth Century". Cartography and Geographic Information Science. 29 (3): 207–226. Bibcode:2002CGISc..29..207H. doi:10.1559/152304002782008512.

historytoday.com

Falls, Nigel (January 2007). "The Panther at Agadir". History Today. 57 (1): 33–37.

jstor.org

Van Evera, Stephen (Summer 1984). "The Cult of the Offensive and the Origins of the First World War". International Security. 9 (1): 58–107. doi:10.2307/2538636. JSTOR 2538636.
Snyder, Glenn H. (1984). "The Security Dilemma in Alliance Politics". World Politics. 36 (4): 461–495. doi:10.2307/2010183. JSTOR 2010183.
Jervis, Robert (1978). "Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma". World Politics. 30 (2): 167–214. doi:10.2307/2009958. hdl:2027/uc1.31158011478350. JSTOR 2009958.
Snyder, Jack (1984). "Civil-Military Relations and the Cult of the Offensive, 1914 and 1984". International Security. 9 (1): 108–146. doi:10.2307/2538637. JSTOR 2538637.
Sagan, Scott D. (Fall 1986). "1914 Revisited: Allies, Offense, and Instability". International Security. 11 (2): 151–175. doi:10.2307/2538961. JSTOR 2538961.
Van Evera, Stephen (Summer 1984). "The Cult of the Offensive and the Origins of the First World War". International Security. 9 (1): 80–82. doi:10.2307/2538636. JSTOR 2538636.
MacFie, A. L. (1983). "The Straits Question in the First World War, 1914-18". Middle Eastern Studies. 19 (1): 43–74. doi:10.1080/00263208308700533. JSTOR 4282922.
Williamson, Samuel R. (2011). "German Perceptions of the Triple Entente after 1911: Their Mounting Apprehensions Reconsidered". Foreign Policy Analysis. 7 (2): 205–214. JSTOR 24909770.
Wilson, Keith (1972). "The Agadir Crisis, the Mansion House Speech, and the Double-Edgedness of Agreements". The Historical Journal. 15 (3): 513–532. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00002806. JSTOR 2637768.
Wohlforth, William C. (April 1987). "The Perception of Power: Russia in the Pre-1914 Balance". World Politics. 39 (3): 353–381. doi:10.2307/2010224. JSTOR 2010224.
Trumpener, Ulrich (1966). "Liman von Sanders and the German-Ottoman Alliance". Journal of Contemporary History. 1 (4): 179–192. doi:10.1177/002200946600100407. JSTOR 259896.
Weikart, Richard (1993). "The Origins of Social Darwinism in Germany, 1859-1895". Journal of the History of Ideas. 54 (3): 469–488. doi:10.2307/2710024. JSTOR 2710024.
Lambert, Nicholas A. (September 1995). "British Naval Policy, 1913–1914: Financial Limitation and Strategic Revolution". The Journal of Modern History. 67 (3): 623–626. doi:10.1086/245174. JSTOR 2124221.
Schroeder, Paul W. (1972). "World War I as Galloping Gertie: A Reply to Joachim Remak". The Journal of Modern History. 44 (3): 320–345. doi:10.1086/240800. JSTOR 1876415.
Mombauer, Annika (2015). "Guilt or Responsibility? The Hundred-Year Debate on the Origins of World War I". Central European History. 48 (4): 541–564. doi:10.1017/S0008938915001144. JSTOR 43965205.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Sontag, Raymond James (1933). European Diplomatic History 1871—1930. The Century Historical Series. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. p. p. 160. LCCN 33004046. OCLC 397267. Retrieved 28 June 2024.

lrb.co.uk

Clark, Christopher (29 August 2013). "The First Calamity". London Review of Books. 35 (16): 3–6. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.

marxists.org

Lenin, V.I. "VII. IMPERIALISM AS A SPECIAL STAGE OF CAPITALISM". www.marxists.org. Archived from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
Lenin, V.I. (August 24, 2022). "VI. DIVISION OF THE WORLD AMONG THE GREAT POWERS". Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
Lenin, V.I. "VIII. PARASITISM AND DECAY OF CAPITALISM". Archived from the original on 2022-08-24. Retrieved 2022-08-24.

newspaperarchive.com

"Austria Will Avenge Murder". The Winnipeg Tribune. 29 June 1914. p. 1. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

piacenzaprimogenita150.it

"Il 1861 e le quattro Guerre per l'Indipendenza (1848–1918)" (in Italian). 6 March 2015. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2021.

web.archive.org

"Austria Will Avenge Murder". The Winnipeg Tribune. 29 June 1914. p. 1. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"First World War.com - Who's Who - Otto Liman von Sanders". www.firstworldwar.com. Archived from the original on 2007-12-27. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
"Il 1861 e le quattro Guerre per l'Indipendenza (1848–1918)" (in Italian). 6 March 2015. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
"La Grande Guerra nei manifesti italiani dell'epoca" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
"Primary Documents – Treaty of London, 26 April 1915". FirstWorldWar.com. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
Lenin, V.I. "VII. IMPERIALISM AS A SPECIAL STAGE OF CAPITALISM". www.marxists.org. Archived from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
Lenin, V.I. (August 24, 2022). "VI. DIVISION OF THE WORLD AMONG THE GREAT POWERS". Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023.
Lenin, V.I. "VIII. PARASITISM AND DECAY OF CAPITALISM". Archived from the original on 2022-08-24. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
Clark, Christopher (29 August 2013). "The First Calamity". London Review of Books. 35 (16): 3–6. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
"World War One: 10 interpretations of who started WW1". BBC News. 12 February 2014. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Sontag, Raymond James (1933). European Diplomatic History 1871—1930. The Century Historical Series. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. p. p. 160. LCCN 33004046. OCLC 397267. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
Lussu, Emilio (1945). La catena (in Italian). Edizioni U. OCLC 610250368.^{[page needed]}

youtube.com

Clark, Christopher (17 April 2014). Europe: Then and Now. Center for Strategic and International Studies l. 26-27 minutes in. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07 – via YouTube.