Celts (English Wikipedia)

e.g. Patrick Sims-Williams, Ancient Celtic Placenames in Europe and Asia Minor, Publications of the Philological Society, No. 39 (2006); Bethany Fox, 'The P-Celtic Place-Names of North-East England and South-East Scotland', The Heroic Age, 10 (2007), "Fox—The P-Celtic Place-Names of North-East England and South-East Scotland". Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018. (also available at Fox: P-Celtic Place-Names).^{[permanent dead link]} See also List of Celtic place names in Portugal.

archive.org

"If, as is the first criterion of this Encyclopedia, one bases the concept of 'Celticity' on language, one can apply the term 'Celtic' to ancient Galicia", Koch, John T., ed. (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 790. ISBN 1-85109-440-7.
Koch, John Thomas (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 794–95. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
Koch, John Thomas (2006). Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 532. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
Bitel, Lisa M. (1996). Land of Women: Tales of Sex and Gender from Early Ireland. Cornell University Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-8014-8544-2.
Percy, William A. (1996). Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece. University of Illinois Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-252-06740-2. Retrieved 18 September 2009.; Rankin, H.D. Celts and the Classical World, p. 55
Cunliffe, Barry (1997). The Ancient Celts. Oxford, UK; New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-19-815010-7.

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books.google.com

Mac Cana & Dillon. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apogee of their influence and territorial expansion during the 4th century BC, extending across the length of Europe from Britain to Asia Minor."; Puhvel, Fee & Leeming 2003, p. 67. "[T]he Celts, were Indo-Europeans, a fact that explains a certain compatibility between Celtic, Roman, and Germanic mythology."; Riché 2005, p. 150. "The Celts and Germans were two Indo-European groups whose civilizations had some common characteristics."; Todd 1975, p. 42. "Celts and Germans were of course derived from the same Indo-European stock."; Encyclopedia Britannica. Celt. "Celt, also spelled Kelt, Latin Celta, plural Celtae, a member of an early Indo-European people who from the 2nd millennium bce to the 1st century bce spread over much of Europe."; Mac Cana, Proinsias; Dillon, Myles. "Celtic religion". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2020. Puhvel, Jaan; Fee, Christopher R.; Leeming, David Adams (2003). "Celtic mythology". In Leeming, David Adams (ed.). The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 65–67. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195156690.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-991648-1. Archived from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020. Riché, Pierre (2005). "Barbarians". In Vauchez, André (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. James Clarke & Co. p. 150. doi:10.1093/acref/9780227679319.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-518817-2. Archived from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020. Todd, Malcolm (1975). The Northern Barbarians. Hutchinson. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-09-122220-8. Retrieved 10 March 2020. "Celt". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
Waldman & Mason 2006, p. 144. "Celts, in its modern usage, is an encompassing term referring to all Celtic-speaking peoples." Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). "Celts". Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Infobase Publishing. pp. 144–169. ISBN 1-4381-2918-1. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
Koch, John (2005). Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. xix–xxi. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0. Retrieved 9 June 2010. This Encyclopedia is designed for the use of everyone interested in Celtic studies and also for those interested in many related and subsidiary fields, including the individual CELTIC COUNTRIES and their languages, literatures, archaeology, folklore, and mythology. In its chronological scope, the Encyclopedia covers subjects from the HALLSTATT and LA TENE periods of the later pre-Roman Iron Age to the beginning of the 21st century.
Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-313-30984-7. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2018. The Cornish are related to the other Celtic peoples of Europe, the Bretons,* Irish,* Scots,* Manx,* Welsh,* and the Galicians* of northwestern Spain
Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 766. ISBN 978-0-313-30984-7. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2018. Celts, 257, 278, 523, 533, 555, 643; Bretons, 129–33; Cornish, 178–81; Galicians, 277–80; Irish, 330–37; Manx, 452–55; Scots, 607–12; Welsh
Waldman & Mason 2006, p. 144. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). "Celts". Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Infobase Publishing. pp. 144–169. ISBN 1-4381-2918-1. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
Sarunas Milisauskas, European prehistory: a survey. Springer. 2002. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-306-47257-2. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
H. D. Rankin, Celts and the classical world. Routledge. 1998. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-415-15090-3. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
Paul Graves-Brown, Siân Jones, Clive Gamble, Cultural identity and archaeology: the construction of European communities, pp. 242–244. Routledge. 1996. ISBN 978-0-415-10676-4. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
Carl McColman, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Celtic Wisdom. Alpha Books. 2003. pp. 31–34. ISBN 978-0-02-864417-2. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
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Celtic Culture: A-Celti. Abc-Clio. 2006. p. 386. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
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britannica.com

Mac Cana & Dillon. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apogee of their influence and territorial expansion during the 4th century BC, extending across the length of Europe from Britain to Asia Minor."; Puhvel, Fee & Leeming 2003, p. 67. "[T]he Celts, were Indo-Europeans, a fact that explains a certain compatibility between Celtic, Roman, and Germanic mythology."; Riché 2005, p. 150. "The Celts and Germans were two Indo-European groups whose civilizations had some common characteristics."; Todd 1975, p. 42. "Celts and Germans were of course derived from the same Indo-European stock."; Encyclopedia Britannica. Celt. "Celt, also spelled Kelt, Latin Celta, plural Celtae, a member of an early Indo-European people who from the 2nd millennium bce to the 1st century bce spread over much of Europe."; Mac Cana, Proinsias; Dillon, Myles. "Celtic religion". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2020. Puhvel, Jaan; Fee, Christopher R.; Leeming, David Adams (2003). "Celtic mythology". In Leeming, David Adams (ed.). The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 65–67. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195156690.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-991648-1. Archived from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020. Riché, Pierre (2005). "Barbarians". In Vauchez, André (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. James Clarke & Co. p. 150. doi:10.1093/acref/9780227679319.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-518817-2. Archived from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020. Todd, Malcolm (1975). The Northern Barbarians. Hutchinson. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-09-122220-8. Retrieved 10 March 2020. "Celt". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
Encyclopedia Britannica. Celt. "Celt, also spelled Kelt, Latin Celta, plural Celtae, a member of an early Indo-European people who from the 2nd millennium bce to the 1st century bce spread over much of Europe. Their tribes and groups eventually ranged from the British Isles and northern Spain to as far east as Transylvania, the Black Sea coasts, and Galatia in Anatolia and were in part absorbed into the Roman Empire as Britons, Gauls, Boii, Galatians, and Celtiberians. Linguistically they survive in the modern Celtic speakers of Ireland, Highland Scotland, the Isle of Man, Wales, and Brittany. "Celt". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
"Gallia Comata | Gaul, Celtic Tribes, Julius Caesar | Britannica". www.britannica.com.
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doi.org

Mac Cana & Dillon. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apogee of their influence and territorial expansion during the 4th century BC, extending across the length of Europe from Britain to Asia Minor."; Puhvel, Fee & Leeming 2003, p. 67. "[T]he Celts, were Indo-Europeans, a fact that explains a certain compatibility between Celtic, Roman, and Germanic mythology."; Riché 2005, p. 150. "The Celts and Germans were two Indo-European groups whose civilizations had some common characteristics."; Todd 1975, p. 42. "Celts and Germans were of course derived from the same Indo-European stock."; Encyclopedia Britannica. Celt. "Celt, also spelled Kelt, Latin Celta, plural Celtae, a member of an early Indo-European people who from the 2nd millennium bce to the 1st century bce spread over much of Europe."; Mac Cana, Proinsias; Dillon, Myles. "Celtic religion". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2020. Puhvel, Jaan; Fee, Christopher R.; Leeming, David Adams (2003). "Celtic mythology". In Leeming, David Adams (ed.). The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 65–67. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195156690.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-991648-1. Archived from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020. Riché, Pierre (2005). "Barbarians". In Vauchez, André (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. James Clarke & Co. p. 150. doi:10.1093/acref/9780227679319.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-518817-2. Archived from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020. Todd, Malcolm (1975). The Northern Barbarians. Hutchinson. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-09-122220-8. Retrieved 10 March 2020. "Celt". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
Drinkwater 2012, p. 295. "Celts, a name applied by ancient writers to a population group occupying lands mainly north of the Mediterranean region from Galicia in the west to Galatia in the east. (Its application to the Welsh, the Scots, and the Irish is modern.) Their unity is recognizable by common speech and common artistic traditions. Drinkwater, John Frederick (2012). "Celts". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). The Oxford Classical Dictionary (4 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 295. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199545568.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-173525-7. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
Sims-Williams (August 2020). "An Alternative to 'Celtic from the East' and 'Celtic from the West'". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 30 (3): 511–529. doi:10.1017/S0959774320000098. hdl:2160/317fdc72-f7ad-4a66-8335-db8f5d911437.
Sims-Williams, Patrick (2 April 2020). "An Alternative to 'Celtic from the East' and 'Celtic from the West'". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 30 (3): 511–529. doi:10.1017/s0959774320000098. hdl:2160/317fdc72-f7ad-4a66-8335-db8f5d911437. ISSN 0959-7743. S2CID 216484936.
Hoz, J. de (28 February 2019), "Method and methods", Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies, Oxford University Press, pp. 1–24, doi:10.1093/oso/9780198790822.003.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-879082-2, retrieved 29 May 2021
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Novembre, J; et al. (November 2008), "Genes mirror geography within Europe", Nature, 456 (7218): 98–101, Bibcode:2008Natur.456...98N, doi:10.1038/nature07331, PMC 2735096, PMID 18758442
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Fischer et al. 2018, p. 7. Fischer, Claire-Elise; et al. (6 December 2018). "The multiple maternal legacy of the Late Iron Age group of Urville-Nacqueville (France, Normandy) documents a long-standing genetic contact zone in northwestern France". PLOS One. 13 (12). PLOS: e0207459. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1307459F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207459. PMC 6283558. PMID 30521562.
Fischer et al. 2022, pp. 5–6. Fischer, Claire-Elise; et al. (2022). "Origin and mobility of Iron Age Gaulish groups in present-day France revealed through archaeogenomics". iScience. 25 (4). Cell Press: 104094. Bibcode:2022iSci...25j4094F. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104094. PMC 8983337. PMID 35402880.
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dx.doi.org

Hoz, J. de (28 February 2019), "Method and methods", Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies, Oxford University Press, pp. 1–24, doi:10.1093/oso/9780198790822.003.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-879082-2, retrieved 29 May 2021
"Holy Spirit - Gifts of the Holy Spirit". Sacramentum Mundi Online. doi:10.1163/2468-483x_smuo_com_001832. Retrieved 22 October 2021.

dpz.es

ifc.dpz.es

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handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Sims-Williams (August 2020). "An Alternative to 'Celtic from the East' and 'Celtic from the West'". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 30 (3): 511–529. doi:10.1017/S0959774320000098. hdl:2160/317fdc72-f7ad-4a66-8335-db8f5d911437.
Sims-Williams, Patrick (2 April 2020). "An Alternative to 'Celtic from the East' and 'Celtic from the West'". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 30 (3): 511–529. doi:10.1017/s0959774320000098. hdl:2160/317fdc72-f7ad-4a66-8335-db8f5d911437. ISSN 0959-7743. S2CID 216484936.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Novembre, J; et al. (November 2008), "Genes mirror geography within Europe", Nature, 456 (7218): 98–101, Bibcode:2008Natur.456...98N, doi:10.1038/nature07331, PMC 2735096, PMID 18758442
Lao O, Lu TT, Nothnagel M, et al. (August 2008), "Correlation between genetic and geographic structure in Europe", Curr. Biol., 18 (16): 1241–48, Bibcode:2008CBio...18.1241L, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.049, PMID 18691889, S2CID 16945780
Iñigo Olalde (8 March 2018). "The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe". Nature. 555 (7695). National Center for Biotechnology: 190–196. Bibcode:2018Natur.555..190O. doi:10.1038/nature25738. PMC 5973796. PMID 29466337.
Patterson, N.; Isakov, M.; Booth, T. (2021). "Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age". Nature. 601 (7894): 588–594. Bibcode:2022Natur.601..588P. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4. PMC 8889665. PMID 34937049. S2CID 245509501.
Casparie, Wil A.; Moloney, Aonghus (January 1994). "Neolithic wooden trackways and bog hydrology". Journal of Paleolimnology. 12 (1). Springer Netherlands: 49–64. Bibcode:1994JPall..12...49C. doi:10.1007/BF00677989. S2CID 129780014.
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