Centaur (rocket stage) (English Wikipedia)

"Centaur Upper Stage Family". Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
"Centaur Upper Stage Family". September 27, 2016. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2024.

archive.today

"Atlas Centaur LV-3C Development History". Archived from the original on September 10, 2012.

arstechnica.com

Berger, Eric (December 11, 2018). "Getting Vulcan up to speed: Part one of our interview with Tory Bruno". Ars Technica. Retrieved December 12, 2018. Centaur 3 (which flies on the Atlas V rocket) is 3.8 meters in diameter. The very first Centaur we fly on Vulcan will go straight to 5.4 meters in diameter.

astronautix.com

Wade, Mark (November 17, 2011). "RL-10A-4-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
Mark Wade. "Atlas I". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on October 16, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
Wade, Mark. "Titan". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on September 7, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2018.

aviationweek.com

"NRO Shortfall May Delay Upcoming ULA Missions". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
Covault, Craig (July 3, 2007). "AF Holds To EELV Schedule". Aerospace Daily & Defense Report. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2007.

b14643.de

"Evolution of Pratt & Whitney's cryogenic rocket engine RL-10". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2016.

books.google.com

Rummerman, Judy A. (1988). NASA Historical Data Book. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 123. ISBN 9780160805011.

cleveland.com

Mangels, John (December 11, 2011). "Long-forgotten Shuttle/Centaur boosted Cleveland's NASA center into manned space program and controversy". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, OH. Retrieved December 11, 2011.

denverpost.com

"America, meet Vulcan, your next United Launch Alliance rocket". Denver Post. April 13, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2015.

esa.int

"Rocket break up provides rare chance to test debris formation". European Space Agency. April 12, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2019.

gd.com

https://www.gd.com/about-gd/our-history 1990 - 1994

iaaweb.org

Agapov, Vladimir (September 29, 2018). "Major fragmentation of Atlas 5 Centaur upper stage 2014-055B (SSN #40209)" (PDF). Bremen: International Academy of Astronautics Space Debris Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2019.

io9.com

"What are the fastest spacecraft we've ever built?". io9.com. March 26, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2014.

l3harris.com

"RL10 Engine | L3Harris® Fast. Forward".

leonarddavid.com

David, Leonard (April 23, 2019). "Cluttering Up Space: U.S. Rocket Stage Explodes". Retrieved April 22, 2019.

n2yo.com

"ATLAS 5 CENTAUR R/B". N2YO.com. Retrieved April 22, 2019.

nasa.gov

history.nasa.gov

Helen T. Wells; Susan H. Whiteley; Carrie E. Karegeannes. "Launch Vehicles". Origin of NASA Names. NASA Science and Technical Information Office. p. 11. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019. because it proposed to make first use of the theoretically powerful but problem-making liquid hydrogen as fuel.
Dawson, Virginia P.; Bowles, Mark D. (2004). Taming Liquid Hydrogen: The Centaur Upper Stage Rocket 1958–2002 (PDF). NASA.
Helen T. Wells; Susan H. Whiteley; Carrie E. Karegeannes. "I. Launch Vehicles". Origin of NASA Names. NASA Science and Technical Information Office. p. 10. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019.

ntrs.nasa.gov

"Cryogenic Propulsion Stage" (PDF). NASA. August 5, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
Harold J. Kasper; Darryl S. Ring (1980). "Graphite/Epoxy Composite Adapters for the Space Shuttle/Centaur Vehicle" (PDF). Scientific and Technical Information Division of the NASA Office of Management. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
Lewis Research Center (1972) Atlas-Centaur AC-17 performance for applications technology satellite ATS-D mission NASA TM X-2525

nasa.gov

NASA.gov

www1.grc.nasa.gov

NASA (n.d.). "SPC Centaur Testing". Retrieved February 12, 2012.

gltrs.grc.nasa.gov

Sakla, Steven; Kutter, Bernard; Wall, John (2006). "Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management". NASA. Archived from the original on June 19, 2009.

nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

MILSTAR 3 — Description.

nasaspaceflight.com

Kanayama, Lee (May 9, 2022). "As Centaur turns 60 years old, ULA prepares to evolve Centaur V". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved October 2, 2024.
"Vulcan successfully launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural flight". January 7, 2024.

forum.nasaspaceflight.com

"Atlas-V with RL10C powered Centaur". forum.nasaspaceflight.com. Retrieved April 8, 2018.

rocket.com

"Aerojet Rocketdyne RL10 Propulsion System" (PDF). Aerojet Rocketdyne. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 29, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
"RL10 Engine". Aerojet Rocketdyne. Archived from the original on April 30, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
"Aerojet Rocketdyne RL10 Propulsion System" (PDF). Aerojet Rocketdyne. March 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
"DUAL RL10 ENGINE CENTAUR DEBUTS ON ATLAS V TO ENSURE SAFE LAUNCH OF ASTRONAUTS TO LOW EARTH ORBIT". Aerojet Rocket.

skyrocket.de

space.skyrocket.de

Krebs, Gunter. "Centaur". Gunter's Space Page.
"Centaur". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved September 14, 2024.
"Atlas-SLV3D Centaur-D1A". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved September 18, 2024.
"Atlas-SLV3C Centaur-D Star-37E". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved September 18, 2024.
"Atlas-SLV3D Centaur-D1AR". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved September 18, 2024.
"Atlas-G Centaur-D1AR". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved September 18, 2024.

space.com

"Boeing's Starliner launches astronauts for 1st time in historic liftoff (Photos, video)". Space.com. June 5, 2024.
"Titan 4 Launch". Space.com. Archived from the original on July 8, 2008.
Ray, Justin (October 9, 2007). "Atlas Rocket Team Ready for Wednesday Satellite Launch". Spaceflight Now.

spaceflight101.com

"Atlas V 551". Retrieved April 21, 2015.

spaceflight101.net

"Atlas V NROL-35 Launch Updates". Spaceflight 101. December 13, 2014. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2016.

spaceflightinsider.com

Rae Botsford End (December 13, 2014). "new RL10C engine debuts on classified NROL-35 launch". Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved September 9, 2016.

spaceflightnow.com

Ray, Justin (April 14, 2015). "ULA chief explains reusability and innovation of new rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
Ray, Justin. "AV-011: Mission Status Center". Spaceflight Now.

spacenews.com

Gruss, Mike (April 13, 2015). "ULA's Vulcan Rocket To be Rolled out in Stages". SpaceNews. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
Bruno, Tory (October 10, 2017). "Building on a successful record in space to meet the challenges ahead". Space News.
"ULA studying long-term upgrades to Vulcan". SpaceNews. September 11, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
"Bruno: The next big thing for ULA is a long-endurance upper stage". April 7, 2021.
"FAA to complete orbital debris upper stage regulations in 2025". September 9, 2024.

theguardian.com

Belam, Martin (January 8, 2024). "Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 8, 2024.

thespacereview.com

"The Space Review: Launch failures: an Atlas Groundhog Day". www.thespacereview.com. Retrieved November 17, 2018.

tools.wmflabs.org

Erwin, Sandra (March 25, 2018). "Air Force stakes future on privately funded launch vehicles. Will the gamble pay off?". SpaceNews. Retrieved June 24, 2018.

ulalaunch.com

"Atlas V Launch Services User's Guide" (PDF). United Launch Alliance. March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
"United Launch Alliance Selects Aerojet Rocketdyne's RL10 Engine". ULA. May 11, 2018. Archived from the original on May 12, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
Peller, Mark; Wentz, Gary L.; Burkholder, Tom, eds. (October 16, 2023). "Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide" (PDF). United Launch Alliance. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2024. Retrieved October 1, 2024.
"Vulcan Centaur". United Launch Alliance. 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
Thomas J Rudman; Kurt L Austad (December 3, 2002). "The Centaur Upper Stage Vehicle" (PDF). Lockheed Martin.
Zegler, Frank; Bernard Kutter (September 2, 2010). "Evolving to a Depot-Based Space Transportation Architecture" (PDF). AIAA SPACE 2010 Conference & Exposition. AIAA. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 20, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
"Atlas V Cutaway" (PDF). United Launch Alliance. 2019.
"Aft Bulkhead Carrier Auxiliary Payload User's Guide" (PDF). United Launch Alliance. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
"Vulcan Centaur Cutaway Poster" (PDF). ULA Launch. September 25, 2019.
"United Launch Alliance Selects Aerojet Rocketdyne's RL10 Engine". ULA. May 11, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
Successful Flight Demonstration Conducted by the Air Force and United Launch Alliance Will Enhance Space Transportation: DMSP-18 Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, United Launch Alliance, October 2009, accessed 2011-01-23.

utexas.edu

spirit.as.utexas.edu

Propellant Depots Made Simple Archived February 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Bernard Kutter, United Launch Alliance, FISO Colloquium, 2010-11-10, accessed 2011-01-10.

web.archive.org

"Atlas V Launch Services User's Guide" (PDF). United Launch Alliance. March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
"United Launch Alliance Selects Aerojet Rocketdyne's RL10 Engine". ULA. May 11, 2018. Archived from the original on May 12, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
"Aerojet Rocketdyne RL10 Propulsion System" (PDF). Aerojet Rocketdyne. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 29, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
Peller, Mark; Wentz, Gary L.; Burkholder, Tom, eds. (October 16, 2023). "Vulcan Launch Systems User's Guide" (PDF). United Launch Alliance. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2024. Retrieved October 1, 2024.
Helen T. Wells; Susan H. Whiteley; Carrie E. Karegeannes. "Launch Vehicles". Origin of NASA Names. NASA Science and Technical Information Office. p. 11. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019. because it proposed to make first use of the theoretically powerful but problem-making liquid hydrogen as fuel.
Zegler, Frank; Bernard Kutter (September 2, 2010). "Evolving to a Depot-Based Space Transportation Architecture" (PDF). AIAA SPACE 2010 Conference & Exposition. AIAA. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 20, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
Wade, Mark (November 17, 2011). "RL-10A-4-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
"RL10 Engine". Aerojet Rocketdyne. Archived from the original on April 30, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
"Evolution of Pratt & Whitney's cryogenic rocket engine RL-10". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
"Aerojet Rocketdyne RL10 Propulsion System" (PDF). Aerojet Rocketdyne. March 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
"Atlas V NROL-35 Launch Updates". Spaceflight 101. December 13, 2014. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
"Aft Bulkhead Carrier Auxiliary Payload User's Guide" (PDF). United Launch Alliance. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
Helen T. Wells; Susan H. Whiteley; Carrie E. Karegeannes. "I. Launch Vehicles". Origin of NASA Names. NASA Science and Technical Information Office. p. 10. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
"Centaur Upper Stage Family". Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
"Centaur Upper Stage Family". September 27, 2016. Archived from the original on September 27, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2024.
"Titan 4 Launch". Space.com. Archived from the original on July 8, 2008.
Mark Wade. "Atlas I". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on October 16, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
Sakla, Steven; Kutter, Bernard; Wall, John (2006). "Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management". NASA. Archived from the original on June 19, 2009.
Successful Flight Demonstration Conducted by the Air Force and United Launch Alliance Will Enhance Space Transportation: DMSP-18 Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, United Launch Alliance, October 2009, accessed 2011-01-23.
Propellant Depots Made Simple Archived February 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Bernard Kutter, United Launch Alliance, FISO Colloquium, 2010-11-10, accessed 2011-01-10.
Wade, Mark. "Titan". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on September 7, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
"NRO Shortfall May Delay Upcoming ULA Missions". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
Covault, Craig (July 3, 2007). "AF Holds To EELV Schedule". Aerospace Daily & Defense Report. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2007.
Agapov, Vladimir (September 29, 2018). "Major fragmentation of Atlas 5 Centaur upper stage 2014-055B (SSN #40209)" (PDF). Bremen: International Academy of Astronautics Space Debris Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2019.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Belam, Martin (January 8, 2024). "Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 8, 2024.

x.com

@torybruno (February 13, 2025). "A cool family photo. The last Centaur III (Dad), the 120k High Orbit Centaur V (Son) and our newest addition: 85k LEO Centaur V (little brother)" (Tweet). Retrieved February 13, 2025 – via Twitter.
@ToryBruno (May 23, 2019). "Yes. The Amazing Centaur in its dual RL10 configuration" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Bruno, Tory [@torybruno] (March 9, 2018). "Internally, the current version of Centaur flying atop Atlas is technically a 'Centaur III.' Since we are only flying one Centaur at present, we've just call it 'Centaur.' Vulcan will have an upgraded Centaur. Internally, we refer to that as the 'Centaur V'" (Tweet). Retrieved December 12, 2018 – via Twitter.
@18SPCS (April 24, 2019). "#18SPCS confirmed breakup of ATLAS 5 CENTAUR R/B (2018-079B, #43652) on April 6, 2019. Tracking 14 associated pieces – no indication caused by collision" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

youtube.com

Oct. 4 LIVE Broadcast: Vulcan Cert-2. United Launch Alliance. Event occurs at 2:18:50. Retrieved October 24, 2024 – via YouTube.