Chad (English Wikipedia)

Brundu, Giuseppe; Camarda, Ignazio (2013). "The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis". PhytoKeys (23). Pensoft.net: 1–18. Bibcode:2013PhytK..23....1B. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.23.4752. PMC 3690977. PMID 23805051. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
Brito, José C.; Martínez-Freiría, Fernando; Sierra, Pablo; Sillero, Neftalí; Tarroso, Pedro; Fenton, Brock (25 February 2011). "Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania". PLOS ONE. 6 (2) e14734. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...614734B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014734. PMC 3045445. PMID 21364897.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.

african.business (Global: low place; English: low place)

"United Arab Emirates (UAE) Opens Coordination Office for Foreign Aid in Chad". 3 August 2023. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.

amnesty.org (Global: 1,084^th place; English: 851^st place)

"Chad: the Habré Legacy" Archived 13 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Amnesty International. 16 October 2001.
"Chad" Archived 13 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Amnesty International Report 2006. Amnesty International Publications.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Pollack, Kenneth M. (2002); Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3733-2, pp. 391–397

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

Chad may face genocide, UN warns Archived 21 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine. BBC News, 16 February 2007
"Chad leader's victory confirmed Archived 31 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine", BBC News, 14 May 2006.
"Isolated Deby clings to power". BBC News. 13 April 2006. Archived from the original on 5 September 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
"Mirren crowned 'queen' at Venice Archived 8 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine", BBC News, 9 September 2006.

bbc.co.uk

"Chad ex-leader Habre charged in Senegal with war crimes". BBC. 2 July 2013. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"Hissène Habré: Chad's ex-ruler convicted of crimes against humanity". BBC. 2016. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
"Chad's president Idriss Déby dies 'in clashes with rebels'". BBC News. 20 April 2021. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.

birdlife.org (Global: 932^nd place; English: 1,256^th place)

"Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands – Chad" (PDF). Birdlife International Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2013.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Human Rights Watch (2007). Early to War: Child Soldiers in the Chad Conflict. Human Rights Watch. pp. 13–.
Bush, Ray (2007). Poverty and neoliberalism: persistence and reproduction in the global south. Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-1960-5.
Amin, Samir (1990). Maldevelopment: Anatomy of a Global Failure. United Nations University Press. ISBN 978-0-86232-931-0.
Bond, Patrick (2006). Looting Africa: The Economics of Exploitation. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84277-811-1.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2010.

cefod.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

(in French) Dadnaji, Dimrangar (1999); "La decentralisation au Tchad". Archived from the original on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2007.
(in French) Malo, Nestor H. (2003); "Littérature tchadienne : Jeune mais riche Deprecated link archived 28 September 2013 at archive.today", Tchad et Culture 214.
- (in French) Gondjé, Laoro (2003); "La musique recherche son identité Archived 22 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine", Tchad et Culture
- (in French) Bambé, Naygotimti (April 2007); "Issa Serge Coelo, cinéaste tchadien: On a encore du travail à faire Archived 30 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine", Tchad et Culture 256.
- (in French) Alphonse, Dokalyo (2003) "Cinéma: un avenir plein d'espoir" Deprecated link archived 28 September 2013 at archive.today, Tchad et Culture 214.

cia.gov (Global: 133^rd place; English: 275^th place)

"Gini Index coefficient". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2024.

closeupfilmcentre.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

White, Jerry, Vertigo – Fatherlands: On Mahamat-Saleh Haroun, Africa and an Evolving Political Cinema, archived from the original on 7 October 2020, retrieved 8 October 2019

constituteproject.org (Global: 4,115^th place; English: 3,114^th place)

"Chad 1996 (rev. 2005)". Constitute. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2015.

cp-pc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chad: A Cultural Profile" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2006. Retrieved 19 June 2007. (PDF). Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. ISBN 0-7727-9102-3

dandc.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Djeralar Miankeol (17 June 2017). "Commercialisation is destroying community rules". D+C, development and cooperation. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.

dawn.com (Global: 315^th place; English: 155^th place)

Dawn – Chad's only cinema dusts off its silver screen, 9 April 2011, archived from the original on 7 October 2020, retrieved 8 October 2019

dhsprogram.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1996–1997" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

doe.gov (Global: 3,382^nd place; English: 2,488^th place)

eia.doe.gov

"Chad and Cameroon". Archived from the original on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2007.. Country Analysis Briefs. January 2007. Energy Information Administration.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Dewière, Rémi (2024). "The Kanem and Borno Sultanates (11th–19th Centuries)". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. Oxford University Press. p. 4. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.1147. ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4.
Lemarchand, René (1980). "The Politics of Sara Ethnicity: A Note on the Origins of the Civil War in Chad". Cahiers d'études africaines. 20 (80): 455–456. doi:10.3406/cea.1980.2328. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
Botha, D.J.J. (December 1992). "S.H. Frankel: Reminiscences of an Economist (Review Article)". South African Journal of Economics. 60 (4): 246–255. doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.1992.tb01049.x. ISSN 0038-2280.
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Brundu, Giuseppe; Camarda, Ignazio (2013). "The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis". PhytoKeys (23). Pensoft.net: 1–18. Bibcode:2013PhytK..23....1B. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.23.4752. PMC 3690977. PMID 23805051. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
Brito, José C.; Martínez-Freiría, Fernando; Sierra, Pablo; Sillero, Neftalí; Tarroso, Pedro; Fenton, Brock (25 February 2011). "Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania". PLOS ONE. 6 (2) e14734. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...614734B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014734. PMC 3045445. PMID 21364897.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
Haber, Marc; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Bergström, Anders; Prado-Martinez, Javier; Hallast, Pille; Saif-Ali, Riyadh; Al-Habori, Molham; Dedoussis, George; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Blue-Smith, Jason; Wells, R. Spencer; Xue, Yali; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (1 December 2016). "Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 99 (6): 1316–1324. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.012. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5142112. PMID 27889059.
Tchaïné, Dionnodji (2024). "The Survival of Franco-Arab Colonization in Chad: The Gordian Knot of Linguistic Policies". In Lianza, E. M.; Muaka, L. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa. pp. 575–591. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_27. Retrieved 24 December 2025.

dol.gov (Global: 5,942^nd place; English: 3,761^st place)

"Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor – Chad". Archived from the original on 25 April 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
"List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor". Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.

dw.com (Global: 205^th place; English: 320^th place)

"Chad's authoritarian Deby unwilling to quit". Deutsche Welle. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
"Chad President Idriss Deby dies on front lines, according to an army statement". Deutsche Welle. 20 April 2021. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.

ethnologue.com (Global: 354^th place; English: 413^th place)

"Chad Languages, Literacy, & Maps (TD)". Ethnologue. Retrieved 24 December 2025.

euractiv.com (Global: 2,945^th place; English: 2,167^th place)

"Chad junta accused of executions, torture after protests". www.euractiv.com. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2023.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

ec.europa.eu

"COMMISSION DECISION of on the financing of a Global Plan for humanitarian operations from the budget of the European Union in CHAD" (PDF). European Commission. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

deltcd.ec.europa.eu

(in French) Lettre d'information Archived 24 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine (PDF). Délégation de la Commission Européenne au Tchad. N. 3. September 2004

expat-quotes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

facebook.com (Global: 78^th place; English: 91^st place)

Le Secrétariat Général du Gouvernement du Tchad (4 July 2024). "PRÉSIDENCE DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE — Ordonnance N°001/PR/2024 du 04 juillet 2024, Portant restructuration des Unités Administratives". Facebook (in French). Retrieved 28 May 2025.

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; English: 480^th place)

fao.org

"Livestock-wildlife-environment interactions in Chad". Food and Agriculture Organization. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
"Symposium on the evaluation of fishery resources in the development and management of inland fisheries Archived 22 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine". CIFA Technical Paper No. 2. FAO. 29 November – 1 December 1972.

openknowledge.fao.org

Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.

fra-data.fao.org

"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Chad". Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

fifa.com (Global: 80^th place; English: 106^th place)

Staff (2 July 2007). "Chad". FIFA, Goal Programme. Archived from the original on 29 June 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2006.

fragilestatesindex.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fragile States Index | The Fund for Peace". fragilestatesindex.org. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2021.

freedomhouse.org (Global: 2,395^th place; English: 2,068^th place)

"Chad (2006)". Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2007.. Freedom of the Press: 2007 Edition. Freedom House, Inc.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

"Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1996–1997" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
"COMMISSION DECISION of on the financing of a Global Plan for humanitarian operations from the budget of the European Union in CHAD" (PDF). European Commission. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
"NRI Overall Ranking 2014" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2014.

globalhungerindex.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank". Global Hunger Index (GHI) – peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels. Retrieved 13 December 2024.

globalreligiousfutures.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Religions in Chad | PEW-GRF". Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Chad Archived 16 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Pew Research Center. 2010.

glottolog.org (Global: 1,905^th place; English: 3,402^nd place)

"Glottolog 4.8 – Languages of Chad". glottolog.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.

hal.science (Global: 2,005^th place; English: 1,689^th place)

shs.hal.science

Debos, Marielle (2009). "Chad 1900-1960" (PDF). Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 25 February 2025.

hrw.org (Global: 601^st place; English: 472^nd place)

World Report 2011: Chad. Human Rights Watch. 24 January 2011. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2011.

ic.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: 6,328^th place)

strategis.ic.gc.ca

Spera, Vincent (8 February 2004); "Chad Country Commercial Guide – FY 2005". Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2007.. United States Department of Commerce.

imf.org (Global: 225^th place; English: 601^st place)

"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad)". International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad)". International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad)". International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 :Edition (Chad)". International Monetary Fund October, 14 2025.
"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Chad)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.

inseed-td.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"INSEED-TCHAD – Document". Inseed-td.net. 24 April 2018. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2020.

inseed.td (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tous les indicateurs". Institut National de la Statistique, des Études Économiques et Démographiques (INSEED) (in French). 2026. Retrieved 17 July 2026.

inseedtchad.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Le TCHAD en bref" (in French). INSEED. 22 July 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
Projections demographiques 2009–2050 Tome 1: Niveau national (PDF) (Report) (in French). INSEED. July 2014. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.

ipu.org (Global: 2,152^nd place; English: 1,963^rd place)

data.ipu.org

"Chad". Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). Retrieved 10 August 2026.

itnewsafrica.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gateway expands presence in Guinea and Senegal Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. IT News Africa. 22 April 2010.

jigsawlounge.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Young, Neil (23 March 2004) An interview with Mahamet-Saleh Haroun, writer and director of Abouna ("Our Father") Archived 4 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. jigsawlounge.co.uk

lemonde.fr (Global: 60^th place; English: 343^rd place)

Roger, Benjamin; Vincent, Elise (2 February 2025). "Departure of last French soldiers from Chad brings an end to a 'special relationship'". Le Monde.

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

webarchive.loc.gov

Humanitarian Action in Chad: Facts and Figures – Snapshot Report, UN, 6 March 2008
Eastern Chad: Concerns over vital humanitarian needs (press release), UN, 7 February 2008

loc.gov

Collelo, Thomas, ed. (1990). Chad: A Country Study (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 5–11. ISBN 0-16-024770-5.

manara.td (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ngarbe, Eluard (4 February 2025). "Le MPS lance sa campagne pour le Sénat". Manara Radio Télévision (in French).

minorityrights.org (Global: 7,468^th place; English: 5,729^th place)

Whiteman, Kaye (September 1988). "Chad. Report N° 80" (PDF). Minority Rights Group. London. Retrieved 17 August 2025.

mnodirectory.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chad Mobile Market (Q1 2008 – Q3 2010)". mnodirectory.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2011.

nationalgeographic.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

news.nationalgeographic.co.uk

"African Elephants Slaughtered in Herds Near Chad Wildlife Park". National Geographic. 30 August 2006. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Brundu, Giuseppe; Camarda, Ignazio (2013). "The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis". PhytoKeys (23). Pensoft.net: 1–18. Bibcode:2013PhytK..23....1B. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.23.4752. PMC 3690977. PMID 23805051. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
Brito, José C.; Martínez-Freiría, Fernando; Sierra, Pablo; Sillero, Neftalí; Tarroso, Pedro; Fenton, Brock (25 February 2011). "Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania". PLOS ONE. 6 (2) e14734. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...614734B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014734. PMC 3045445. PMID 21364897.
Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
Haber, Marc; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Bergström, Anders; Prado-Martinez, Javier; Hallast, Pille; Saif-Ali, Riyadh; Al-Habori, Molham; Dedoussis, George; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Blue-Smith, Jason; Wells, R. Spencer; Xue, Yali; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (1 December 2016). "Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 99 (6): 1316–1324. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.012. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5142112. PMID 27889059.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
Brundu, Giuseppe; Camarda, Ignazio (2013). "The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis". PhytoKeys (23). Pensoft.net: 1–18. Bibcode:2013PhytK..23....1B. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.23.4752. PMC 3690977. PMID 23805051. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
Brito, José C.; Martínez-Freiría, Fernando; Sierra, Pablo; Sillero, Neftalí; Tarroso, Pedro; Fenton, Brock (25 February 2011). "Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania". PLOS ONE. 6 (2) e14734. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...614734B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014734. PMC 3045445. PMID 21364897.
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- Botha, D.J.J. (December 1992). "S.H. Frankel: Reminiscences of an Economist (Review Article)". South African Journal of Economics. 60 (4): 246–255. doi:10.1111/j.1813-6982.1992.tb01049.x. ISSN 0038-2280.
- Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. ISSN 0006-3568. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
- Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. PMID 33293507.
- Haber, Marc; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Bergström, Anders; Prado-Martinez, Javier; Hallast, Pille; Saif-Ali, Riyadh; Al-Habori, Molham; Dedoussis, George; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Blue-Smith, Jason; Wells, R. Spencer; Xue, Yali; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (1 December 2016). "Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 99 (6): 1316–1324. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.012. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5142112. PMID 27889059.
zawya.com (Global: 6,723^rd place; English: 4,323^rd place)
- "UAE opens coordination office for foreign aid in Chad". 3 August 2023. Archived from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.

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