Chaonians (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Chaonians" in English language version.

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  • Jaupaj 2019, p. 88: "Les Amantes se situent donc sur la rive gauche de l'Aôos et occupent un territoire qui s'étend à l'est de la vallée de la Shushicë, à la frontière de la Chaonie où se trouve la forteresse de Matohasanaj la plus méridionale du Koinon des Amantes302. Sa position stratégique permet de contrôler la voie naturelle qui venait d'Amantia et se poursuivait vers l'Épire ou vers la Macédoine303. Une inscription découverte récemment, provenant de la forteresse de Matohasanaj, relève le rôle des péripolarques dans ce Koinon304. À l'ouest, ils occupent le golfe de Vlora et la région d'Orikos, tandis que la ville de Triport semble être la limite nord-ouest de leur territoire. Le Koinon fédère plusieurs centres autour du chef lieu d'Amantia: Olympè, Triport et de plus petits établissements comme Vlora et Kanina. La ville de Thronion, connue seulement de Pausanias, correspond peut-être au site de Triport."; p. 449: "Amantia est considérée comme la capitale de la tribu illyrienne des Amantes (ou Abantes) au sein du pays des Atintanes2005. La ville aurait été fondée vers le Ve siècle av. J.-C2006. Elle se situe près du village actuel de Ploça, au sud-est de Vlora, dans la vallée de la Shushicë, sur une voie de communication en provenance de Vlora, qui par le col de Sevaster rejoint la route venant de Byllis et permet de rejoindre l'Épire (fig. 89). Cette position fait d'Amantia un carrefour important dans les rapports commerciaux entre la côte sud de l'Illyrie et les régions de l'intérieur. Le site d'une surface de 13 ha se caractérise par sa colline rocheuse isolée qui se dresse à une altitude à 613 m parmi les contreforts épaulant à l'ouest la montagne de Tartari. Au sud, le territoire des Amantes est limitrophe de celui des Chaones, la forteresse de Matohasanaj marquant l'extrême défense des Amantes dans cette direction2007." Jaupaj, Lavdosh (2019). Etudes des interactions culturelles en aire Illyro-épirote du VII au III siècle av. J.-C (PhD). Université de Lyon; Instituti i Arkeologjisë (Albanie).
  • Jaupaj 2019, pp. 88, 450–453. Jaupaj, Lavdosh (2019). Etudes des interactions culturelles en aire Illyro-épirote du VII au III siècle av. J.-C (PhD). Université de Lyon; Instituti i Arkeologjisë (Albanie).

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  • Cabanes et al. 2016, p. 405: "Inscription gravée sur un fragment de stèle brisée en biais, dont manque une grande partie ; trouvée dans le rempart sur le très beau site de Matohasanaj, qui est la forteresse gardant l'entrée au pays des Amantes en venant de la région de Tepelen, c'est-à-dire des confins avec la Chaonie;" p. 406: "Ce péripolarque commande les peripoloi, dont le rôle est certainement d'assurer la sécurité des frontières de l'État des Amantes, dont la forteresse de Matohasnaj marque l'extrémité Sud-Est face aux Chaones établis dans la vallée du Drino, autour de leur centre d'Antigoneia." Cabanes, Pierre; Jaupaj, Lavdosh; Sina, Ermal; Trushaj, Aleks; Vrekaj, Bashkim (2016). "Nouvelles inscriptions grecques en Albanie" (PDF). Revue des Études Anciennes. 118 (2). Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux: 403–411. doi:10.3406/rea.2016.6776.

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  • Filos 2021, p. 11: "As the epigraphic evidence indicates, Epirus was a largely Greek-speaking area, even though a linguistically uniform picture, both in the sense of dialect use and in terms of linguistic identity is far from certain, at least as regards the northern parts bordering S. Illyria. 3 Note in particular its northern part (Chaonia) where interaction with S. Illyria, and obviously, a certain degree of bilingualism, especially in later times, must have been the reality.". Filos, Panagiotis (2021). "Reflexes of Koineization in Ancient Epirote Feminine Names". In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Conti, Luz; de la Villa, Jesús; Fornieles, Raquel (eds.). Synchrony and Diachrony of Ancient Greek. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 11–32. doi:10.1515/9783110719192. ISBN 978-3-11-071919-2. S2CID 242192721.
  • Xenophontos 2017, pp. 317: "The situation was ameliorated when Tharrhypas, Pyrrhus' great-great grandfather, introduced Greek customs and letters, and administered the cities with humane laws (Pyrrh. 1.14)." Xenophontos, Sophia (2017). Georgiadou, Aristoula; Oikonomopoulou, Katerina (eds.). Space, Time and Language in Plutarch. Aristoula Georgiadou, Katerina Oikonomopoulou. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. doi:10.1515/9783110539479. ISBN 978-3-11-053947-9.

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  • Plutarch. "Pyrrhus: Chapter I". Loeb Classical Library. Jeffrey Henderson. Archived from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2021-10-19. Θαρρύπαν πρῶτον ἱστοροῦσιν Ἑλληνικοῖς ἔθεσι καὶ γράμμασι καὶ νόμοις φιλανθρώποις διακοσμήσαντα τὰς πόλεις ὀνομαστὸν γενέσθαι. ["But the kings who followed in this line soon lapsed into barbarism and became quite obscure, both in their power and in their lives, and it was Tharrhypas, historians say, who first introduced Greek customs and letters and regulated his cities by humane laws, thereby acquiring for himself a name."], translation from: Pyrrhus in penelope.uchicago.edu.

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  • Hatzopoulos 2007, "Since only Hellenes participated in the Panhellenic sacrifices and contests, it is obvious that the theoroi visited only communities which considered themselves and were considered by the others as Greek. [...] Similarly the [theorodokoi] section Epirus lists the states of Pandosia, Kassopa, Thesprotoi, Poionos, Korkyra, Chaonia, Artichia, Molossoi, Ambrakia, Argos (of Amphilochia). Of these the Elean colony of Pandosia and the Corinthian colonies of Korkyra and Ambrakia represent the southern Greek element, while Kassopa, the Thesprotoi, the Molossoi, Chaonia and Argos the "native" Epirote one. (Nothing is known of Poionos and Artichia). The important point is that colonial cities, Epirote cities and Epirote ethne, republican and monarchical alike, are considered equally Greek and invited to the great panhellenic sacrifices at Epidauros." Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. (2007) [2002]. "Perception of the Self and the Other: The Case of Macedonia". Ancient Macedonia VII: Macedonia from the Iron Age to the Death of Philip II. Papers Read at the Seventh International Symposium Held in Thessaloniki, October 14–18, 2002. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 51–66. ISBN 978-960-7387-42-4.

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  • Dausse 2015, p. 27: "De celle-ci dépend la frontière entre Illyriens et Épirotes. Elle s'applique en revanche moins bien au fleuve Aoos pour définir une frontière entre Épire et Illyrie. Pour les zones de montagnes, nous pouvons citer les monts Acrocérauniens qui pourraient marquer le passage entre la partie chaone de l'Épire et l'Illyrie. Mais la plupart du temps, la montagne est le lieu de vie de nombreuses populations de la Grèce du Nord. À ce titre, elle constitue plus un lieu de rencontre qu'une barrière." Dausse, Marie-Pierre (2015). Souchon, Cécile (ed.). "La Grèce du Nord aux IVe et IIIe siècles avant J.-C.: Des États puissants aux frontières floues?". Actes des congrès nationaux des sociétés historiques et scientifiques: 24–31. doi:10.4000/books.cths.2013. ISBN 978-2-7355-0867-9.

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  • Dominguez 2018, p. 29: "Returning to Alcetas, once he had recovered the throne and consolidated his position... It is perhaps in this period that the Molossians took advantage of the weakness of their Thesprotian and Chaonian neighbours, who had perhaps been affected by the Illyrian expedition, effectively occupying a stretch of coast on the Ionian Sea, with which they permitted the passage of Athenian troops heading for Korkyra in the year 373 Dominguez, Adolfo J. (2018). "New Developments and Tradition in Epirus : The Creation of the Molossian State". New Developments and Tradition in Epirus: The Creation of the Molossian State. pp. 1–42. doi:10.1400/272094. ISBN 978-88-467-5415-8. Retrieved 13 May 2023.

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  • Plutarch. "Pyrrhus: Chapter I". Loeb Classical Library. Jeffrey Henderson. Archived from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2021-10-19. Θαρρύπαν πρῶτον ἱστοροῦσιν Ἑλληνικοῖς ἔθεσι καὶ γράμμασι καὶ νόμοις φιλανθρώποις διακοσμήσαντα τὰς πόλεις ὀνομαστὸν γενέσθαι. ["But the kings who followed in this line soon lapsed into barbarism and became quite obscure, both in their power and in their lives, and it was Tharrhypas, historians say, who first introduced Greek customs and letters and regulated his cities by humane laws, thereby acquiring for himself a name."], translation from: Pyrrhus in penelope.uchicago.edu.

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  • Lasagni 2018, p. 292: "in the course of the Archaic and first Classical period, the coastal area of Chaonia was essentially a perea of Corcyra, and it is therefore not surprising that the Chaones had early dismissed the traditional monarchy Lasagni, Chiara (2018). ""Tribal Poleis" in Northwestern Greece". La question de l'espace au IVe siècle avant J.-C. Dans les mondes grec et étrusco-italique: Continuités, ruptures, reprises. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  • Lasagni 2018, pp. 174–175. Lasagni, Chiara (2018). ""Tribal Poleis" in Northwestern Greece". La question de l'espace au IVe siècle avant J.-C. Dans les mondes grec et étrusco-italique: Continuités, ruptures, reprises. Retrieved 3 May 2023.

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  • Hernandez 2010, p. 1-2: The Chaonians occupied northwest Epirus, from the Gulf of Aulon to the Vourgos plain near Konispol along the coast Hernandez, David R. (2010). Excavations of the Roman Forum at Butrint (2004–2007): The Archaeology of a Hellenistic and Roman Port in Epirus (Thesis). Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati. Archived from the original on 2021-04-02. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  • Plutarch. "Pyrrhus: Chapter I". Loeb Classical Library. Jeffrey Henderson. Archived from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2021-10-19. Θαρρύπαν πρῶτον ἱστοροῦσιν Ἑλληνικοῖς ἔθεσι καὶ γράμμασι καὶ νόμοις φιλανθρώποις διακοσμήσαντα τὰς πόλεις ὀνομαστὸν γενέσθαι. ["But the kings who followed in this line soon lapsed into barbarism and became quite obscure, both in their power and in their lives, and it was Tharrhypas, historians say, who first introduced Greek customs and letters and regulated his cities by humane laws, thereby acquiring for himself a name."], translation from: Pyrrhus in penelope.uchicago.edu.

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  • Kos, Sasel (2007). "Ethnic Manipulations with Ancient Veneti and Illyrians" (PDF). Portolan Adriatico: 14. Retrieved 8 November 2021. On the other hand however, however, the Epirote peoples and tribes are known to have been settled in northern Greece and in southern Albania. If the Illyrians are regarded as ancestors of the modern nation of the Albanians, what about the Epirotes? There is hardly any doubt that northern Epirus (in present-day Albania) and southern Epirus (in present-day Greece) were part of the Greek world, but possessing their own ethnic identity. Nonetheless their existence as a dependent people was denied by some of the Albanian scholars. However, there is no basis for such a thesis, as the two peoples are well distinguished by the classical writers. According to Strabo, the Ceraunian Mountains should be regarded as the frontier between the two, the boundary further extending along the ling connecting these mountains with the mines of Damastium in the region of the Dassaretes near Lake Lychnidus... Strabo's outline of their territories has been generally accepted (Cabanes 2003)... If on the one hand Thucydides regarded the Epirote Chaones... all as 'barbarians' , they were even often viewed as the most ancient Hellenic peoples, so to say the cradle of Greece.