Chechnya (English Wikipedia)

"Gay Chechens flee threats, beatings and exorcism". BBC News. 5 April 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
"Ramzan Kadyrov: Putin's key Chechen ally". BBC. 21 May 2020. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
"Chechnya profile". BBC. 28 August 2023. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2024.

berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

linguistics.berkeley.edu

"The Ingush People". Linguistics.berkeley.edu. 28 November 1992. Archived from the original on 22 November 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2014.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Publications, Europa (21 August 2012). The Territories of the Russian Federation 2012. Routledge. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-135-09584-0.
Jaimoukha, Amjad M. (1 March 2005). The Chechens: a handbook (1st ed.). Routledge. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-415-32328-4. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
Tsaroïeva, Mariel (2005). Anciennes croyances des Ingouches et des Tchétchènes: peuples du Caucase du Nord (in French). Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose. ISBN 978-2-7068-1792-2.
Schaefer, Robert W. (2010). The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus: From Gazavat to Jihad. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9780313386343. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
Farrokh, Kaveh (20 December 2011). Iran at War: 1500–1988. Osprey Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781780962214. Retrieved 25 December 2014.^{[dead link]}
Cohen, Ariel (1998). Russian Imperialism: Development and Crisis. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9780275964818. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
Bugay 1996, p. 106. Bugay, Nikolay (1996). The Deportation of Peoples in the Soviet Union. New York City: Nova Publishers. ISBN 9781560723714.
Balzer, Marjorie Mandelstam (9 November 2009). Religion and Politics in Russia: A Reader. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765629319.

caucasustimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Itekushev (16 May 2010). В Чечне наблюдается высокая степень религиозной нетерпимости [High degree of religious intolerance observed in Chechnya]. Caucasus Times. Caucasus Times poll (in Russian). Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.

cdi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Are Chechens in Afghanistan? Archived 7 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine – By Nabi Abdullaev, 14 December 2001, Moscow Times

chechnya.gov.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

Official website of the Chechen Republic. Ramzan Akhmatovich Kadyrov Archived 11 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)

circassianworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Anchabadze, George (2009) [first edition 2001]. The Vainakhs (the Chechen and Ingush) (PDF). Tbilisi: Caucasian House. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.

climate-data.org (Global: 1,179^th place; English: 1,577^th place)

en.climate-data.org

Climate of Chechnya. Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 19 October 2020.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

"Four Western hostages beheaded in Chechnya". CNN. Archived from the original on 3 December 2002.
Harrigan, Steve. "Moscow again plans wider war in Dagestan" Archived 26 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine. CNN. 19 August 1999. Retrieved 23 April 2013.

coe.int (Global: 777^th place; English: 802^nd place)

pace.coe.int

"Persecution of LGBTI people in the Chechen Republic (Russian Federation), Resolution 2230 (2018)". Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 27 June 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2021.

assembly.coe.int

ben Chikha, Foura (21 September 2021). "Combating rising hate against LGBTI people in Europe" (PDF). Council of Europe Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination. pp. 15–16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2021.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Wuethrich, Bernice (19 May 2000). "Peering into the Past, With Words". Science. 288 (5469): 1158. doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1158. S2CID 82205296. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
Russell, John (2007). Gammer, Moshe; Lokshina, Tanya; Thomas, Ray; Mayer, Mary; Dunlop, John B. (eds.). "Chechnya: Russia's 'War on Terror' or 'War of Terror'?". Europe-Asia Studies. 59 (1): 163–168. doi:10.1080/09668130601072761. JSTOR 20451332. S2CID 153481090.

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

"Putin's proposition". The Economist. 25 March 2003. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2013.

ethnia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

w.ethnia.org

"Independent Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus". Countries & Territories since 1900. Archived from the original on 25 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.

fedstat.ru (Global: 6,383^rd place; English: low place)

"Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении" [Life expectancy at birth]. Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.

freedomhouse.org (Global: 2,395^th place; English: 2,068^th place)

"Chechnya [Russia] (2003)". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 24 October 2011.
Worst of the Worst: The World's Most Repressive Societies Archived 10 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine (PDF), Freedom House, March 2009
"Russia Case Study | Understanding Transnational Repression". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2024.

friends-partners.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty archive". friends-partners.org. Friends & Partners. 12 May 1997. part I. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2016.

gaytimes.co.uk (Global: 6,464^th place; English: 3,817^th place)

Damshenas, Sam (11 January 2019). "Chechnya has reportedly launched a new 'gay purge'". Gay Times. Archived from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

"Человек из камня Байсангур Беноевский". 10 December 2010. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2014 – via YouTube.
Aris, Ben (24 March 2003). "Boycott call in Chechen poll ignored". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2013.

gks.ru (Global: 56^th place; English: 650^th place)

Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

abcnews.go.com

"Chechen volunteer fighters back up Ukraine's Russian resistance". ABC News. Retrieved 14 August 2023.

historycommons.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Context of 'September 13, 1999: Second Moscow Apartment Bombing Kills 118; Chechen Rebels Blamed'". History Commons. (Archived 15 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine). Retrieved 23 April 2013.

hrw.org (Global: 601^st place; English: 472^nd place)

Human Rights Watch:Chechnya: Research Shows Widespread and Systematic Use of Torture Archived 27 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine
Human Rights Watch:"You Dress According to Their Rules" Enforcement of an Islamic Dress Code for Women in Chechnya Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, 10 March 2011

ict.org.il (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Salafist-Takfiri Jihadism: the Ideology of the Caucasus Emirate". International Institute for Counter-Terrorism. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

imrussia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Who Is Afraid of Navalny, Killings in Chechnya, Trump-Putin Meeting". Institute of Modern Russia. 14 July 2017. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

"Ramzan Kadyrov: The warrior king of Chechnya". The Independent. 4 January 2007. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
Batchelor, Tom (1 May 2017). "Russian police round up LGBT activists demonstrating against persecution of gay men in Chechnya". The Independent. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
Carroll, Oliver (11 January 2019). "Chechnya launches new gay 'purge', reports say". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.

independent.ie (Global: 324^th place; English: 162^nd place)

Armstrong, Kathy (10 April 2017). "Over 100 people allegedly sent to 'concentration camps' for gay men in Chechnya". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.

interfax-religion.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Interfax Information Services Group. "Chechnya saw the first mass baptism in its today's history" Archived 22 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 July 2012.

internal-displacement.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Government efforts help only some IDPs rebuild their lives, IDMC, 13 August 2007 Archived 21 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine

itstime.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is Hidden Behind the Idea of the Caucasian Emirate?" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2013.

jamestown.org (Global: 2,378^th place; English: 1,546^th place)

"Kadyrov's Power and Cult of Personality Grows". Jamestown. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
McDermott, Roger. "Shafi'i and Hanafi schools of jurisprudence in Chechnya". Jamestown. Jamestown.org. Archived from the original on 1 April 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
Mairbek Vatchagaev (8 September 2006). "The Kremlin's War on Islamic Education in the North Caucasus". Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Chechnya Weekly, Volume 7, Issue 34 (8 September 2006)
"Russian Orthodox Church Redraws Its Map of the North Caucasus - Jamestown". jamestown.org. Retrieved 4 March 2026.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Russell, John (2007). Gammer, Moshe; Lokshina, Tanya; Thomas, Ray; Mayer, Mary; Dunlop, John B. (eds.). "Chechnya: Russia's 'War on Terror' or 'War of Terror'?". Europe-Asia Studies. 59 (1): 163–168. doi:10.1080/09668130601072761. JSTOR 20451332. S2CID 153481090.

kavkaz-uzel.eu (Global: 5,499^th place; English: 8,216^th place)

eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu

"An Essay on the History of the Vainakh People. On the origin of the Vainakhs". Caucasian Knot. 14 January 2004. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.

knoema.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chechnya, Republic of Unemployment rate, 1990-2014 - knoema.com". Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.

kp.ru (Global: 465^th place; English: 2,048^th place)

правды», Александр ГАМОВ | Сайт «Комсомольской (24 September 2008). "Рамзан КАДЫРОВ: "Россия – это матушка родная"". Kp.ru - (in Russian). Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

lemonde.fr (Global: 60^th place; English: 343^rd place)

"The extent of fraud in Russia's presidential election begins to emerge". Le Monde. 20 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.

lgbtnet.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"New wave of persecution against LGBT people in Chechnya: around 40 people detained, at least two killed". Российская ЛГБТ-сеть (in Russian). 14 January 2019. Archived from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

narod.ru (Global: 284^th place; English: 1,297^th place)

ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru

"НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ЧЕЧНИ". Ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2013.

ng.ru (Global: 1,786^th place; English: 7,320^th place)

"Пастор из Грозного: «Мы слишком маленькие, чтобы нами заинтересовались» / / Независимая газета" [A Pastor from Grozny: "We're Too Small to Be of Interest"]. www.ng.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2026.

novayagazeta.ru (Global: 1,346^th place; English: 4,201^st place)

Milashina, Elena (9 July 2017). "Это была казнь. В ночь на 26 января в Грозном расстреляли десятки людей". Novaya Gazeta. Moscow. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
Gordienko, Irina; Elena Milashina (4 April 2017). Расправы над чеченскими геями [Massacres of Chechen gays (18+)]. Novaya Gazeta (in Russian). Archived from the original on 12 January 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
«Новой газете» стало известно о новых преследованиях геев в Чечне [Novaya Gazeta learned of new persecution of gays in Chechnya]. Novaya Gazeta (in Russian). 11 January 2019. Archived from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

Chechnya Holds Parliamentary Vote Archived 12 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Morning Edition, NPR, 28 November 2005.
Ingber, Sasha (14 January 2019). "Activists Say 40 Detained And 2 Dead in Gay Purge in Chechnya". NPR. Archived from the original on 19 May 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Chivers, C. J. (31 January 2009). "Slain Exile Detailed Cruelty of the Ruler of Chechnya". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
Kramer, Andrew E. (1 May 2017). "Russians Protesting Abuse of Gay Men in Chechnya Are Detained". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
Kramer, Andrew E. (1 April 2017). "Chechen Authorities Arresting and Killing Gay Men, Russian Paper Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
Kramer, Andrew E. (30 April 2008). "Chechnya's Capital Rises From the Ashes, Atop Hidden Horrors". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2010.

oc-media.org (Global: low place; English: 8,373^rd place)

"Dozens of relatives of government critics reportedly kidnapped in Chechnya". OC Media. 28 December 2021. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.

pinknews.co.uk (Global: 2,906^th place; English: 1,862^nd place)

Duffy, Nick (10 April 2017). "Chechnya has opened concentration camps for gay men". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 10 April 2017.

pirweli.com.ge (Global: low place; English: low place)

in 1993, ex –President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia recognized Chechnya's independence.., Archived 21 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine

proza.ru (Global: 5,927^th place; English: low place)

"Предводитель Гази Алдамов, или Алдаман ГIеза (Амин Тесаев) / Проза.ру". proza.ru. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.

reliefweb.int (Global: 1,334^th place; English: 874^th place)

"Chechnya to remain a presidential republic". reliefweb.int. 10 January 2002.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

"Two Russian regions block Telegram app over security fears". Reuters. 8 March 2025.
"Ukraine lawmakers brand Chechnya 'Russian-occupied' in dig at Kremlin". Reuters. 18 October 2022. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.

rferl.org (Global: 733^rd place; English: 555^th place)

Umarova, Amina (23 November 2013). "Chechnya's Forgotten Children of the Holodomor". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
"Does Chechnya Stand To Lose Out From Russian-Azerbaijani Oil Agreement?". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 30 August 2013. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.

rosstat.gov.ru (Global: 190^th place; English: 2,056^th place)

rosstat.gov.ru

"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
"Валовой региональный продукт - Врп с 1998-2024 года". rosstat.gov.ru.
"Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2025 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
"Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
"Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Archived from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2022.

showdata.rosstat.gov.ru

"Russian Federal State Statistics Service". Archived from the original on 1 September 2025. Retrieved 9 August 2025.

rusi.org (Global: 8,702^nd place; English: 6,677^th place)

Cranny-Evans, Sam (4 November 2022). "The Chechens: Putin's Loyal Foot Soldiers". Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.

ruswars.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cherkasov, Alexander; Golubev, Ostav; Malykhin, Vladimir (24 February 2023), "A chain of wars, a chain of crimes, a chain of impunity: Russian wars in Chechnya, Syria and Ukraine" (PDF), Memorial Human Rights Defence Centre, p. 9, archived (PDF) from the original on 6 September 2024, retrieved 17 April 2023

savechechnya.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Общественное движение чеченский комитет национального спасения". Savechechnya.com. 24 June 2008. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

Wuethrich, Bernice (19 May 2000). "Peering into the Past, With Words". Science. 288 (5469): 1158. doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1158. S2CID 82205296. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Wuethrich, Bernice (19 May 2000). "Peering into the Past, With Words". Science. 288 (5469): 1158. doi:10.1126/science.288.5469.1158. S2CID 82205296. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
Russell, John (2007). Gammer, Moshe; Lokshina, Tanya; Thomas, Ray; Mayer, Mary; Dunlop, John B. (eds.). "Chechnya: Russia's 'War on Terror' or 'War of Terror'?". Europe-Asia Studies. 59 (1): 163–168. doi:10.1080/09668130601072761. JSTOR 20451332. S2CID 153481090.

sptimes.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

Chechen President Kadyrov Defends Honor Killings Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine The St. Petersburg Times 3 March 2009

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

Aris, Ben (24 March 2003). "Boycott call in Chechen poll ignored". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2013.

thealabamabaptist.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chechen Christians live among danger | The Alabama Baptist". 24 February 2000. Retrieved 4 March 2026.^{[dead link]}

theglobeandmail.com (Global: 336^th place; English: 179^th place)

"Chechnya police arrest 100 suspected gay men, three killed: report". The Globe and Mail. Associated Press. 3 April 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Walker, Shaun (13 April 2017). "Chechens tell of prison beatings and electric shocks in anti-gay purge: 'They called us animals'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2021.

themoscowtimes.com (Global: 1,347^th place; English: 966^th place)

"Chechnya Forbids Music Outside 80-116 BPM Tempo" Archived 9 April 2024 at the Wayback Machine, Moscow Times, 5 April 2024

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 170^th place)

unesdoc.unesco.org

Ilyasov, Lecha; Ziya Bazhayev Charity Foundation (2009). The Diversity of the Chechen Culture: From Historical Roots to the Present (PDF). UNESCO Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. ISBN 978-5-904549-02-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 July 2010.

unicef.org (Global: 2,177^th place; English: 1,857^th place)

"August 31, 2006: Beslan – Two Years On". Archived from the original on 4 April 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2009.

unpo.org (Global: 8,021^st place; English: 7,427^th place)

"Chechnya: European Parliament recognizes the genocide of the Chechen People in 1944". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
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vainah.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Вассан-Гирей Джабагиев". Vainah.info. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Official website of the Chechen Republic. Ramzan Akhmatovich Kadyrov Archived 11 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
"An Essay on the History of the Vainakh People. On the origin of the Vainakhs". Caucasian Knot. 14 January 2004. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
Anchabadze, George (2009) [first edition 2001]. The Vainakhs (the Chechen and Ingush) (PDF). Tbilisi: Caucasian House. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
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Ilyasov, Lecha; Ziya Bazhayev Charity Foundation (2009). The Diversity of the Chechen Culture: From Historical Roots to the Present (PDF). UNESCO Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. ISBN 978-5-904549-02-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 July 2010.
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"Independent Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus". Countries & Territories since 1900. Archived from the original on 25 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
"Общественное движение чеченский комитет национального спасения". Savechechnya.com. 24 June 2008. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
"Вассан-Гирей Джабагиев". Vainah.info. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
Umarova, Amina (23 November 2013). "Chechnya's Forgotten Children of the Holodomor". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
"Remembering Stalin's deportations". BBC News. 23 February 2004. Archived from the original on 1 June 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
"Chechnya: European Parliament recognizes the genocide of the Chechen People in 1944". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
"Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty archive". friends-partners.org. Friends & Partners. 12 May 1997. part I. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
"Chechnya [Russia] (2003)". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 24 October 2011.
Leon Aron. Chechnya, New Dimensions of the Old Crisis Archived 12 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine . AEI, 1 February 2003
"Four Western hostages beheaded in Chechnya". CNN. Archived from the original on 3 December 2002.
Harrigan, Steve. "Moscow again plans wider war in Dagestan" Archived 26 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine. CNN. 19 August 1999. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
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"Gay Chechens flee threats, beatings and exorcism". BBC News. 5 April 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
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"August 31, 2006: Beslan – Two Years On". Archived from the original on 4 April 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
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"Salafist-Takfiri Jihadism: the Ideology of the Caucasus Emirate". International Institute for Counter-Terrorism. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
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"Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
"Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Archived from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
"Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении" [Life expectancy at birth]. Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
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"Chechnya boosts Putin re-election with almost 100% of the votes". Yahoo News. Deutsche Presse-Agentur. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 26 August 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.

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