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    - Pantsov 2023, p. 20. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
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      - Fenby, J. (2009). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Hachette Books. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7867-3984-4. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
      - Crozier 2009, p. 32; Fenby 2005, p. 19. Crozier, Brian (2009). The Man Who Lost China. ISBN 0-684-14686-X. Fenby, Jonathan (2005). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1484-0. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2010. Alt URL
        Fenby, J. (2009). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Hachette Books. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7867-3984-4. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
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        Fenby, J. (2009). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Hachette Books. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7867-3984-4. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
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  - Loh 1971, p. 17; Fenby 2005, p. 23; Pantsov 2023, p. 30. Loh, Pichon Pei (1971). The Early Chiang Kai-shek: A Study of His Personality and Politics, 1887–1924. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-03596-9 – via Internet Archive. Fenby, Jonathan (2005). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1484-0. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2010. Alt URL
    - Fenby, J. (2009). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Hachette Books. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7867-3984-4. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
    - Pantsov 2023, p. 31. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
    - Pantsov 2023, p. 32. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
    - Pantsov 2023, p. 32–33. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
    - Crozier 2009, pp. 38–39; Pantsov 2023, p. 34. Crozier, Brian (2009). The Man Who Lost China. ISBN 0-684-14686-X. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
    - Crozier 2009, p. 37; Pantsov 2023, pp. 34–36. Crozier, Brian (2009). The Man Who Lost China. ISBN 0-684-14686-X. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
    - Fenby 2005, p. 24; Crozier 2009, pp. 37–38; Pantsov 2023, p. 36. Fenby, Jonathan (2005). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1484-0. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2010. Alt URL
      - Fenby, J. (2009). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Hachette Books. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7867-3984-4. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019. Crozier, Brian (2009). The Man Who Lost China. ISBN 0-684-14686-X. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
      - Fenby 2005, p. 24; Pantsov 2023, p. 36. Fenby, Jonathan (2005). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1484-0. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2010. Alt URL
        Fenby, J. (2009). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Hachette Books. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7867-3984-4. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
        Takato 2017, p. 17; Pantsov 2023, p. 38. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
        Pantsov 2023, p. 37. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
        Crozier 2009, p. 39; Pantsov 2023, p. 37. Crozier, Brian (2009). The Man Who Lost China. ISBN 0-684-14686-X. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
        Taylor 2009, p. 18 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFTaylor2009 (help); Pantsov 2023, p. 29. Taylor, Jay (2009). The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the struggle for modern China. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03338-2. Archived from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2010. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
        Taylor 2009, p. 20 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFTaylor2009 (help); Pantsov 2023, p. 39. Taylor, Jay (2009). The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the struggle for modern China. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03338-2. Archived from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2010. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
        Fenby 2005, p. 30; Pantsov 2023, p. 39. Fenby, Jonathan (2005). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1484-0. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2010. Alt URL
        Fenby, J. (2009). Chiang Kai Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost. Hachette Books. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7867-3984-4. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2019. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
        Pantsov 2023, p. 39. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
        Crozier 2009, p. 40; Pantsov 2023, pp. 39–40. Crozier, Brian (2009). The Man Who Lost China. ISBN 0-684-14686-X. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
        Taylor 2009, p. 21 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFTaylor2009 (help); Pantsov 2023, pp. 39–40. Taylor, Jay (2009). The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the struggle for modern China. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03338-2. Archived from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2010. Pantsov, Alexander V. (2023). Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-shek, China, 1887-1975. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300260205. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.

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