Chichen Itza (English Wikipedia)

Fry 2009 Fry, Steven M. (2009). "The Casa Colorada Ball Court: INAH Turns Mounds into Monuments". americanegypt.com. Mystery Lane Press. Archived from the original on 19 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2011.

archive.org

Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 562 Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
Miller 1999, p. 26 Miller, Mary Ellen (1999). Maya Art and Architecture. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-20327-X. OCLC 41659173.
Piña Chan 1993, p. 13 Piña Chan, Román (1993) [1980]. Chichén Itzá: La ciudad de los brujos del agua (in Spanish). Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968-16-0289-7. OCLC 7947748.
Freidel, p. 6; Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 581 Freidel, David. "Yaxuna Archaeological Survey: A Report of the 1988 Field Season" (PDF). Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. Retrieved 12 December 2011. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
Cobos Palma 2005, pp. 539–540 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Cobos Palma 2005, p. 540 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Cobos Palma 2005, pp. 537–541 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Cobos Palma 2005, p. 531 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Cobos Palma 2005, pp. 531–533 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Cobos Palma 2005, p. 541 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Thompson 1966, p. 137 Thompson, J. Eric S. (1966) [1954]. The Rise and Fall of Maya Civilization. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-0301-9. OCLC 6611739.
Clendinnen 2003, p. 23 Clendinnen, Inga (2003). Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatán, 1517–1570. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37981-4. OCLC 50868309.
Clendinnen 2003, p. 41 Clendinnen, Inga (2003). Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatán, 1517–1570. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37981-4. OCLC 50868309.
Sharer & Traxler 2006, pp. 562–563 Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 563 Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
Sharer & Traxler 2006, pp. 562 Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 565 Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
Kurjack, Maldonado C. & Greene Robertson 1991, p. 150 Kurjack, Edward B.; Maldonado C., Ruben; Greene Robertson, Merle (1991). "Ballcourts of the Northern Maya Lowlands". In Vernon Scarborough; David R. Wilcox (eds.). The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. pp. 145–159. ISBN 0-8165-1360-0. OCLC 51873028.
Piña Chan 1993, p. 42 Piña Chan, Román (1993) [1980]. Chichén Itzá: La ciudad de los brujos del agua (in Spanish). Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968-16-0289-7. OCLC 7947748.
Piña Chan 1993, p. 44 Piña Chan, Román (1993) [1980]. Chichén Itzá: La ciudad de los brujos del agua (in Spanish). Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968-16-0289-7. OCLC 7947748.
Coggins 1984, pp. 26–27 Coggins, Clemency Chase (1984). Cenote of Sacrifice: Maya Treasures from the Sacred Well at Chichen Itza. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-71098-4.

asociaciontikal.com

Osorio León 2006, p. 458. Osorio León, José (2006). "La presencia del Clásico Tardío en Chichen Itza (600–800/830 DC)" (PDF). In Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. (eds.). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. pp. 455–462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Osorio León 2006, p. 456. Osorio León, José (2006). "La presencia del Clásico Tardío en Chichen Itza (600–800/830 DC)" (PDF). In Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. (eds.). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. pp. 455–462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Osorio León 2006, p. 457. Osorio León, José (2006). "La presencia del Clásico Tardío en Chichen Itza (600–800/830 DC)" (PDF). In Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. (eds.). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. pp. 455–462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Osorio León 2006, p. 461. Osorio León, José (2006). "La presencia del Clásico Tardío en Chichen Itza (600–800/830 DC)" (PDF). In Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. (eds.). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. pp. 455–462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Osorio León 2006, p. 460. Osorio León, José (2006). "La presencia del Clásico Tardío en Chichen Itza (600–800/830 DC)" (PDF). In Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. (eds.). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. pp. 455–462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.

brooklynmuseum.org

"Las Monjas, Chichen Itza, Yucatan". Brooklyn Museum. 1843.

cambridge.org

Gallardo 2023. Gallardo, Alfonso (March 2023). "Movientos Poclacionales del Clasico Terminal en Chichen Itza, a Partir de la Morfologia Dental de un Groupo de Ninos Sacrificados". Ancient Mesoamerica. 34 (2). Cambridge University Press: 545–562. doi:10.1017/S0956536120000528.

doi.org

Barquera 2024. Barquera, Rodrigo (June 2024). "Ancient genomes reveal insights into ritual life at Chichén Itzá". Nature. 630 (8018): 912–919. Bibcode:2024Natur.630..912B. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07509-7. PMC 11208145. PMID 38867041.
Gallardo 2023. Gallardo, Alfonso (March 2023). "Movientos Poclacionales del Clasico Terminal en Chichen Itza, a Partir de la Morfologia Dental de un Groupo de Ninos Sacrificados". Ancient Mesoamerica. 34 (2). Cambridge University Press: 545–562. doi:10.1017/S0956536120000528.
Ball 2004 Ball, Philip (14 December 2004). "News: Mystery of 'chirping' pyramid decoded". Nature News. doi:10.1038/news041213-5. Retrieved 14 December 2011.

ecoyuc.com.mx

Voss & Kremer 2000 Voss, Alexander W.; Kremer, H. Juergen (2000). "Kʼakʼ-u-pakal, Hun-pik-tokʼ and the Kokom: The Political Organization of Chichén Itzá". In Pierre Robert Colas (ed.). The Sacred and the Profane: Architecture and Identity in the Maya Lowlands (proceedings of the 3rd European Maya Conference). 3rd European Maya Conference, University of Hamburg, November 1998. Markt Schwaben, Germany: Verlag Anton Saurwein. ISBN 3-931419-04-5. OCLC 47871840.

famsi.org

Freidel, p. 6; Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 581 Freidel, David. "Yaxuna Archaeological Survey: A Report of the 1988 Field Season" (PDF). Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. Retrieved 12 December 2011. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
Ruiz Ruiz, Francisco Pérez. "Walled Compounds: An Interpretation of the Defensive System at Chichen Itza, Yucatan" (PDF). Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. Retrieved 7 June 2015.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Barquera 2024. Barquera, Rodrigo (June 2024). "Ancient genomes reveal insights into ritual life at Chichén Itzá". Nature. 630 (8018): 912–919. Bibcode:2024Natur.630..912B. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07509-7. PMC 11208145. PMID 38867041.

hindustantimes.com

"The New Seven Wonders of the World". Hindustan Times. 8 July 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 11 July 2007.

inah.gob.mx

estadisticas.inah.gob.mx

"Estadística de Visitantes" (in Spanish). INAH. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

mediateca.inah.gob.mx

El Chichán Chob y la Casa del Venado, Chichén Itzá, Yucatán. William J. Folan [1]

independent.co.uk

news.independent.co.uk

Usborne 2007 Usborne, David (7 November 2007). "Mexican standoff: the battle of Chichen Itza". The Independent. Archived from the original on 9 January 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2007.

nature.com

Ball 2004 Ball, Philip (14 December 2004). "News: Mystery of 'chirping' pyramid decoded". Nature News. doi:10.1038/news041213-5. Retrieved 14 December 2011.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Barquera 2024. Barquera, Rodrigo (June 2024). "Ancient genomes reveal insights into ritual life at Chichén Itzá". Nature. 630 (8018): 912–919. Bibcode:2024Natur.630..912B. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07509-7. PMC 11208145. PMID 38867041.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Barquera 2024. Barquera, Rodrigo (June 2024). "Ancient genomes reveal insights into ritual life at Chichén Itzá". Nature. 630 (8018): 912–919. Bibcode:2024Natur.630..912B. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07509-7. PMC 11208145. PMID 38867041.

oxfordreference.com

Cobos, Rafael. "Chichén Itzá." In Davíd Carrasco (ed). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures. : Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 9780195188431

perspectivegeometry.com

García-Salgado 2010, p. 118 García-Salgado, Tomás (2010). "The Sunlight Effect of the Kukulcán Pyramid or The History of a Line" (PDF). Nexus Network Journal. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
García-Salgado 2010, pp. 119, 122 García-Salgado, Tomás (2010). "The Sunlight Effect of the Kukulcán Pyramid or The History of a Line" (PDF). Nexus Network Journal. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
García-Salgado 2010, pp. 121–122 García-Salgado, Tomás (2010). "The Sunlight Effect of the Kukulcán Pyramid or The History of a Line" (PDF). Nexus Network Journal. Retrieved 27 July 2011.

researchgate.net

Chavez 2015 Chavez, Rene; et al. (2015). A Special ERT-3D Array Carried Out to Investigate the Subsoil of the Pyramid El Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico. Tejero A., Cifuentes-Nava G. and Hernandez-Quintero E. Turin, Italy: Near Surface Geoscience 2015 - 21st European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Retrieved 5 February 2018.

theyucatantimes.com

"Yucatan cultural attractions are poised to break annual visitors record". The Yucatan Times. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2019.

unam.mx

jornada.unam.mx

Concerning the legal basis of the ownership of Chichen and other sites of patrimony, see Breglia (2006), in particular Chapter 3, "Chichen Itza, a Century of Privatization". Regarding ongoing conflicts over the ownership of Chichen Itza, see Castañeda (2005). Regarding purchase, see "Yucatán: paga gobierno 220 mdp por terrenos de Chichén Itzá," La Jornada, 30 March 2010, retrieved 30 March 2010 from jornada.unam.mx
Boffil Gómez 2010 Boffil Gómez, Luis A. (30 March 2010). "Yucatán compra 80 has en la zona de Chichén Itzá" [Yucatán buys 80 hectares in the Chichen Itza zone]. La Jornada (in Spanish). Mexico City: DEMOS, Desarollo de Medios, S.A. de C.V. Retrieved 14 December 2011.

web.archive.org

"Estadística de Visitantes" (in Spanish). INAH. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
Osorio León 2006, p. 458. Osorio León, José (2006). "La presencia del Clásico Tardío en Chichen Itza (600–800/830 DC)" (PDF). In Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. (eds.). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. pp. 455–462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Osorio León 2006, p. 456. Osorio León, José (2006). "La presencia del Clásico Tardío en Chichen Itza (600–800/830 DC)" (PDF). In Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. (eds.). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. pp. 455–462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Osorio León 2006, p. 457. Osorio León, José (2006). "La presencia del Clásico Tardío en Chichen Itza (600–800/830 DC)" (PDF). In Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. (eds.). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. pp. 455–462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Osorio León 2006, p. 461. Osorio León, José (2006). "La presencia del Clásico Tardío en Chichen Itza (600–800/830 DC)" (PDF). In Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. (eds.). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. pp. 455–462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
Usborne 2007 Usborne, David (7 November 2007). "Mexican standoff: the battle of Chichen Itza". The Independent. Archived from the original on 9 January 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
Fry 2009 Fry, Steven M. (2009). "The Casa Colorada Ball Court: INAH Turns Mounds into Monuments". americanegypt.com. Mystery Lane Press. Archived from the original on 19 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
Osorio León 2006, p. 460. Osorio León, José (2006). "La presencia del Clásico Tardío en Chichen Itza (600–800/830 DC)" (PDF). In Laporte, J.P.; Arroyo, B.; Mejía, H. (eds.). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. pp. 455–462. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
"The New Seven Wonders of the World". Hindustan Times. 8 July 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 11 July 2007.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

/tʃiːˈtʃɛn iːˈtsɑː/ chee-CHEN eet-SAH, Spanish: Chichén Itzá [tʃiˈtʃen iˈtsa], often with the emphasis reversed in English to /ˈtʃiːtʃɛn ˈiːtsə/ CHEE-chen EET-sə; from Yucatec Maya: Chiʼchʼèen Ìitshaʼ [tɕʰiʔtɕʼèːn ìːtsʰaʔ] (Barrera Vásquez 1980) "at the mouth of the well of the Itza people" Barrera Vásquez, Alfredo (1980). Bastarrachea Manzano, Juan Ramón; Brito Sansores, William (eds.). Diccionario maya Cordemex: maya-español, español-maya. with collaborations by Refugio Vermont Salas, David Dzul Góngora, and Domingo Dzul Poot. Mérida, Mexico: Ediciones Cordemex. OCLC 7550928. (in Spanish and Yucatec Maya)
Uuc Yabnal becomes Uc Abnal, meaning the "Seven Abnals" or "Seven Lines of Abnal" where Abnal is a family name, according to Ralph L. Roys (Roys 1967, p. 133n7). Roys, Ralph L. (trans.) (1967). The Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. OCLC 224990.
Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 562 Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
Miller 1999, p. 26 Miller, Mary Ellen (1999). Maya Art and Architecture. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-20327-X. OCLC 41659173.
Boot 2005, p. 37 Boot, Erik (2005). Continuity and Change in Text and Image at Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico: A Study of the Inscriptions, Iconography, and Architecture at a Late Classic to Early Postclassic Maya Site. CNWS Publications no. 135. Leiden, The Netherlands: CNWS Publications. ISBN 90-5789-100-X. OCLC 60520421.
Piña Chan 1993, p. 13 Piña Chan, Román (1993) [1980]. Chichén Itzá: La ciudad de los brujos del agua (in Spanish). Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 968-16-0289-7. OCLC 7947748.
Luxton 1996, p. 141 Luxton, Richard N. (trans.) (1996). The book of Chumayel: the counsel book of the Yucatec Maya, 1539–1638. Walnut Creek, California: Aegean Park Press. ISBN 0-89412-244-4. OCLC 33849348.
Koch 2006, p. 19 Koch, Peter O. (2006). The Aztecs, the Conquistadors, and the Making of Mexican Culture. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. ISBN 0-7864-2252-1. OCLC 61362780.
Coggins 1992 Coggins, Clemency Chase (1992). Artifacts from the Cenote of Sacrifice, Chichén Itzá, Yucatán: Textiles, Basketry, Stone, Bone, Shell, Ceramics, Wood, Copal, Rubber, Other Organic Materials, and Mammalian Remains. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University; distributed by Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-87365-694-6. OCLC 26913402.
de Anda Alanís 2007 de Anda Alanís, Guillermo (2007). "Sacrifice and Ritual Body Mutilation in Postclassical Maya Society: Taphonomy of the Human Remains from Chichén Itzá's Cenote Sagrado". In Vera Tiesler; Andrea Cucina (eds.). New Perspectives on Human Sacrifice and Ritual Body Treatments in Ancient Maya Society. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology. Michael Jochim (series ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 190–208. ISBN 978-0-387-48871-4. ISSN 1568-2722. OCLC 81452956.
Freidel, p. 6; Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 581 Freidel, David. "Yaxuna Archaeological Survey: A Report of the 1988 Field Season" (PDF). Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. Retrieved 12 December 2011. Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P. (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th (fully revised) ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
Schmidt 2007, pp. 166–167 Schmidt, Peter J. (2007). "Birds, Ceramics, and Cacao: New Excavations at Chichén Itzá, Yucatan". In Jeff Karl Kowalski; Cynthia Kristan-Graham (eds.). Twin Tollans: Chichén Itzá, Tula, and the Epiclassic to Early Postclassic Mesoamerican World. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library & Collection: Distributed by Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-88402-323-4. OCLC 71243931.
Cobos Palma 2005, pp. 539–540 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Cobos Palma 2005, p. 540 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Cobos Palma 2005, pp. 537–541 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Cobos Palma 2005, p. 531 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Cobos Palma 2005, pp. 531–533 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Cobos Palma 2005, p. 541 Cobos Palma, Rafael (2005) [2004]. "Chichén Itzá: Settlement and Hegemony During the Terminal Classic Period". In Arthur A. Demarest; Prudence M. Rice; Don S. Rice (eds.). The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation (paperback ed.). Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. pp. 517–544. ISBN 0-87081-822-8. OCLC 61719499.
Thompson 1966, p. 137 Thompson, J. Eric S. (1966) [1954]. The Rise and Fall of Maya Civilization. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-0301-9. OCLC 6611739.
Chamberlain 1948, pp. 136, 138 Chamberlain, Robert S. (1948). The Conquest and Colonization of Yucatán 1517–1550. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington. OCLC 42251506.
Restall 1998, pp. 81, 149; de Landa 1937, p. 90 Restall, Matthew (1998). Maya Conquistador. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-5506-9. OCLC 38746810. de Landa, Diego (1937). William Gates (trans.) (ed.). Yucatan Before and After the Conquest. Baltimore, MD: The Maya Society. OCLC 253690044.
Clendinnen 2003, p. 23 Clendinnen, Inga (2003). Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatán, 1517–1570. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37981-4. OCLC 50868309.
Chamberlain 1948, pp. 19–20, 64, 97, 134–135 Chamberlain, Robert S. (1948). The Conquest and Colonization of Yucatán 1517–1550. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington. OCLC 42251506.
Chamberlain 1948, pp. 132–149 Chamberlain, Robert S. (1948). The Conquest and Colonization of Yucatán 1517–1550. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington. OCLC 42251506.
Clendinnen 2003, p. 41 Clendinnen, Inga (2003). Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatán, 1517–1570. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37981-4. OCLC 50868309.
Breglia 2006, p. 67 Breglia, Lisa (2006). Monumental Ambivalence: The Politics of Heritage. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71427-4. OCLC 68416845.
Morley 1913, pp. 61–91 Morley, Sylvanus Griswold (1913). W. H. R. Rivers; A. E. Jenks; S. G. Morley (eds.). Archaeological Research at the Ruins of Chichen Itza, Yucatan. Reports upon the Present Condition and Future Needs of the Science of Anthropology. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington. OCLC 562310877.
Brunhouse 1971, pp. 74–75 Brunhouse, Robert (1971). Sylvanus Morley and the World of the Ancient Mayas. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-0961-9. OCLC 208428.
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