Childbirth (English Wikipedia)

Neff, Matthew J. (1 December 2004). "ACOG Releases Guidelines on Management of Post-term Pregnancy". American Family Physician. 70 (11): 2221–2225. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Wang, Mary; Fontaine, Patricia (1 August 2014). "Common Questions About Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancy". American Family Physician. 90 (3): 160–165. PMID 25077721. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.

acog.org

Obstetric Data Definitions Issues and Rationale for Change Archived 6 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 2012 by ACOG.
"Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception". www.acog.org. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
ACOG District II Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Committee (December 2011). "Oxytocin for Induction" (PDF). Optimizing Protocols in Obstetrics. Series 1. American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.

amcbmidwife.org

"About AMCB". Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.

americanpregnancy.org

"Back Labor". American Pregnancy Association. 27 April 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2024.

archive.org

Murray LJ, Hennen L, Scott J (2005). The BabyCenter Essential Guide to Pregnancy and Birth: Expert Advice and Real-World Wisdom from the Top Pregnancy and Parenting Resource. Emmaus, Pennsylvania: Rodale Books. pp. 294–295. ISBN 978-1-59486-211-3. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Cassidy T (2006). Birth. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-0-87113-938-2.

atitesting.com

"Postpartum Assessment". ATI Nursing Education. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.

azpbs.org

video.azpbs.org

"Sharp rise in deaths among pregnant women and new mothers". PBS Newshour. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

babycenter.com

"What is back labor? Signs, pain relief, and more". BabyCenter. Retrieved 17 March 2024.

bclaws.ca

Province of British Columbia (21 August 2013) [Revised Statues of British Columbia 1996]. "Health Professions Act". Statues and Regulations of British Columbia internet version. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Queens Printer. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.

bellybelly.com.au

Vernon D (6 February 2007). "Men At Birth – Should Your Bloke Be There?". BellyBelly.com.au. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.

bidmc.org

"Stages of Labor". www.bidmc.org. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.

books.google.com

Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC (2014). Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-323-29537-6. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
Martin E (2015). Concise Colour Medical l.p.Dictionary. Oxford University Press. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-19-968799-2. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
Co-Operation, Organisation for Economic; Development (2009). Doing better for children. Paris: OECD. p. 105. ISBN 978-92-64-05934-4. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
Fossard Ed, Bailey M (2016). Communication for Behavior Change: Volume lll: Using Entertainment–Education for Distance Education. Sage Publications India. ISBN 978-93-5150-758-1. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
Pillitteri A (2010). "Chapter 15: Nursing Care of a Family During Labor and Birth". Maternal & Child Health Nursing: Care of the Childbearing & Childrearing Family. Hagerstown, Maryland: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 350. ISBN 978-1-58255-999-5. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Stearns PN, ed. (1993). Encyclopedia of Social History. Garland Reference Library of Social Sciences. Vol. V. 780. London: Taylor & Francis. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-8153-0342-8. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.

btconnect.com

home.btconnect.com

Hammond P, Johnson A (1986). "Tocodynamometer". In Brown M (ed.). The Medical Equipment Dictionary. London: Chapman & Hall. ISBN 978-0-412-28290-4. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2013. Online version accessed.

businessinsider.com

Harrington, Rebecca. "American women giving birth leave the hospital as quickly as women in Haiti and Kenya". Insider. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.

cambridge.org

dictionary.cambridge.org

"Confinement – meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary". Cambridge Dictionary.

cbsnews.com

Castillo, Michelle (7 May 2013). "U.S. has highest first-day infant mortality out of industrialized world, group reports". CBS News. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.

cdc.gov

"Recent Declines in Induction of Labor by Gestational Age". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, Ventura SJ, Mathews TJ, Kirmeyer S, Osterman MJ (August 2010). "Births: final data for 2007" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. 58 (24): 1–85. PMID 21254725. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2013.
"The CDC Guide to Breastfeeding Interventions" (PDF). CDC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.

childbirthconnection.org

"Rates for total cesarean section, primary cesarean section, and vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), United States, 1989–2010" (PDF). Childbirth Connection website. Relentless Rise in Cesarian Rate. August 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.

cia.gov

"The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. 11 July 2016. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2016.

clevelandclinic.org

my.clevelandclinic.org

"Water Breaking". Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.

cmbc.bc.ca

"Welcome to the College of Midwives of British Columbia". College of Midwives of British Columbia website. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.

cnn.com

Howard, Jacqueline (23 February 2022). "US sees continued rise in maternal deaths – and ongoing inequities, CDC report shows". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

cochrane.org

summaries.cochrane.org

Singata M, Tranmer J, Gyte GM (August 2013). Singata M (ed.). "Restricting oral fluid and food intake during labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8). Pregnancy and Childbirth Group: CD003930. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003930.pub3. PMC 4175539. PMID 23966209. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2013.

cochrane.org

Alfirevic, Zarko; Gyte, Gillian ML; Cuthbert, Anna; Devane, Declan (2017). "Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2 (5): CD006066. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006066.pub3. PMC 6464257. PMID 28157275. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.

colostate.edu

vivo.colostate.edu

Bowen R (12 July 2010). "Oxytocin". Hypertexts for Biomedical Sciences. Archived from the original on 29 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

doi.org

Lunze K, Bloom DE, Jamison DT, Hamer DH (January 2013). "The global burden of neonatal hypothermia: systematic review of a major challenge for newborn survival". BMC Medicine. 11 (1): 24. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-24. PMC 3606398. PMID 23369256.
Memon HU, Handa VL (May 2013). "Vaginal childbirth and pelvic floor disorders". Women's Health. 9 (3): 265–77, quiz 276–77. doi:10.2217/whe.13.17. PMC 3877300. PMID 23638782.
Olsen, Ole; Clausen, Jette A. (8 March 2023). "Planned hospital birth compared with planned home birth for pregnant women at low risk of complications". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (3): CD000352. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000352.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 9994459. PMID 36884026.
McDonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, Morris PS (July 2013). "Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD004074. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub3. PMC 6544813. PMID 23843134.
Tingåker, Berith K; Johansson, Olle; Cluff, Ann Hjelm; Ekman-Ordeberg, Gunvor (March 2006). "Unaltered innervation of the human cervix uteri in contrast to the corpus during pregnancy and labor as revealed by PGP 9.5 immunohistochemistry". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 125 (1): 66–71. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.07.020.
Tingåker, Berith K; Irestedt, Lars (June 2010). "Changes in uterine innervation in pregnancy and during labour". Current Opinion in Anesthesiology. 23 (3): 300–303. doi:10.1097/ACO.0b013e328337c881. ISSN 0952-7907.
Meyer D (2007). "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and their effects on relationship satisfaction". The Family Journal. 15 (4): 392–97. doi:10.1177/1066480707305470. S2CID 144945177.
Scatliffe, N.; Casavant, S.; Vittner, D.; Cong, X. (2019). "Oxytocin and early parent-infant interactions: A systematic review". International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 6 (4): 445–453. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.09.009. PMC 6838998. PMID 31728399.
Kupferminc M, Lessing JB, Yaron Y, Peyser MR (December 1993). "Nifedipine versus ritodrine for suppression of preterm labour". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 100 (12): 1090–94. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15171.x. PMID 8297841. S2CID 24521943.
Jokic M, Guillois B, Cauquelin B, Giroux JD, Bessis JL, Morello R, Levy G, Ballet JJ (March 2000). "Fetal distress increases interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 and decreases tumour necrosis factor-alpha cord blood levels in noninfected full-term neonates". BJOG. 107 (3): 420–25. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13241.x. PMID 10740342.
Lyrenäs S, Clason I, Ulmsten U (February 2001). "In vivo controlled release of PGE2 from a vaginal insert (0.8 mm, 10 mg) during induction of labour". BJOG. 108 (2): 169–78. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00039.x. PMID 11236117. S2CID 45247771.
Giacalone PL, Vignal J, Daures JP, Boulot P, Hedon B, Laffargue F (March 2000). "A randomised evaluation of two techniques of management of the third stage of labour in women at low risk of postpartum haemorrhage". BJOG. 107 (3): 396–400. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13236.x. PMID 10740337.
Hantoushzadeh S, Alhusseini N, Lebaschi AH (February 2007). "The effects of acupuncture during labour on nulliparous women: a randomised controlled trial". The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 47 (1): 26–30. doi:10.1111/j.1479-828X.2006.00674.x. PMID 17261096. S2CID 23495692.
Boyle A, Reddy UM, Landy HJ, Huang CC, Driggers RW, Laughon SK (July 2013). "Primary cesarean delivery in the United States". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 122 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182952242. PMC 3713634. PMID 23743454.
Zhang J, Troendle JF, Yancey MK (October 2002). "Reassessing the labor curve in nulliparous women". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 187 (4): 824–28. doi:10.1067/mob.2002.127142. PMID 12388957. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.
Rouse DJ, Weiner SJ, Bloom SL, Varner MW, et al. (October 2009). "Second-stage labor duration in nulliparous women: relationship to maternal and perinatal outcomes". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 201 (4): 357.e1–7. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.08.003. PMC 2768280. PMID 19788967.
Jangsten E, Mattsson LÅ, Lyckestam I, Hellström AL, et al. (February 2011). "A comparison of active management and expectant management of the third stage of labour: a Swedish randomised controlled trial". BJOG. 118 (3): 362–69. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02800.x. PMID 21134105.
Weeks AD (December 2008). "The retained placenta". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 22 (6): 1103–17. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.07.005. PMID 18793876.
Stanton C, Armbruster D, Knight R, Ariawan I, et al. (March 2009). "Use of active management of the third stage of labour in seven developing countries". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 87 (3): 207–15. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.052597 (inactive 5 December 2024). PMC 2654655. PMID 19377717.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link)
International Confederation of Midwives; International Federation of Gynaecologists Obstetricians (2004). "Joint statement: management of the third stage of labour to prevent post-partum haemorrhage". Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 49 (1): 76–77. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2003.11.005. PMID 14710151.
McDonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, Morris PS (July 2013). McDonald SJ (ed.). "Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD004074. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub3. PMC 6544813. PMID 23843134.
Whitaker, Amy K.; Chen, Beatrice A. (5 October 2017). "Society of Family Planning Guidelines: Postplacental insertion of intrauterine devices". Contraception. 97 (1) (published January 2018): 2–13. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2017.09.014. ISSN 0010-7824. PMID 28987293.
Crenshaw J (2007). "Care practice #6: no separation of mother and baby, with unlimited opportunities for breastfeeding". The Journal of Perinatal Education. 16 (3): 39–43. doi:10.1624/105812407X217147. PMC 1948089. PMID 18566647.
Moore ER, Bergman N, Anderson GC, Medley N (November 2016). "Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (11): CD003519. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003519.pub4. PMC 3979156. PMID 27885658.
Scatliffe, N.; Casavant, S.; Vittner, D.; Cong, X. (2019). "Oxytocin and early parent-infant interactions: A systematic review". International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 6 (4): 445–453. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.09.009. PMC 6838998. PMID 31728399.
Mozurkewich EL, Chilimigras JL, Berman DR, Perni UC, Romero VC, King VJ, Keeton KL (October 2011). "Methods of induction of labour: a systematic review". BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 11: 84. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-11-84. PMC 3224350. PMID 22032440.
Trojano, Giuseppe; Damiani, Gianluca Raffaello; Olivieri, Claudiana; Villa, Mario; Malvasi, Antonio; Alfonso, Raffaello; Loverro, Matteo; Cicinelli, Ettore (6 September 2019). "VBAC: antenatal predictors of success". Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis. 90 (3): 300–309. doi:10.23750/abm.v90i3.7623. ISSN 2531-6745. PMC 7233729. PMID 31580319.
World Health Organization Human Reproduction Programme, 10 April 2015 (January 2015). "WHO Statement on caesarean section rates". Reproductive Health Matters. 23 (45): 149–150. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2015.07.007. hdl:11343/249912. ISSN 0968-8080. PMID 26278843. S2CID 40829330.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
MacKenzie, I. Z.; Cooke, Inez B; Annan, B. (2003). "Indications for caesarean section in a consultant obstetric unit over three decades". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 23 (3): 233–238. doi:10.1080/0144361031000098316. PMID 12850849. S2CID 25452611. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
Kozhimannil, K. B.; Graves, A. J.; Ecklund, A. M.; Shah, N.; Aggarwal, R.; Snowden, J. M. (2018). "Cesarean Delivery Rates and Costs of Childbirth in a State Medicaid Program After Implementation of a Blended Payment Policy". Medical Care. 56 (8): 658–664. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000937. PMID 29912840. S2CID 49305610. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
Bohren, MA; Hofmeyr, GJ; Sakala, C; Fukuzawa, RK; Cuthbert, A (6 July 2017). "Continuous support for women during childbirth". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (8): CD003766. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6. PMC 6483123. PMID 28681500.
Tranmer JE, Hodnett ED, Hannah ME, Stevens BJ (2005). "The effect of unrestricted oral carbohydrate intake on labor progress". Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 34 (3): 319–28. doi:10.1177/0884217505276155. PMID 15890830.
O'Sullivan G, Scrutton M (March 2003). "NPO during labor. Is there any scientific validation?". Anesthesiology Clinics of North America. 21 (1): 87–98. doi:10.1016/S0889-8537(02)00029-9. PMID 12698834.
Singata M, Tranmer J, Gyte GM (August 2013). Singata M (ed.). "Restricting oral fluid and food intake during labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8). Pregnancy and Childbirth Group: CD003930. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003930.pub3. PMC 4175539. PMID 23966209. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
Basevi V, Lavender T (November 2014). "Routine perineal shaving on admission in labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (11): CD001236. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001236.pub2. PMC 7076285. PMID 25398160.
Lumbiganon P, Thinkhamrop J, Thinkhamrop B, Tolosa JE (September 2014). "Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding Group B Streptococcal and HIV)". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (9): CD004070. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004070.pub3. PMC 7104295. PMID 25218725.
Haas, David M.; Morgan, Sarah; Contreras, Karenrose; Kimball, Savannah (26 April 2020). "Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution before cesarean section for preventing postoperative infections". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (4): CD007892. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007892.pub7. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 7195184. PMID 32335895.
Liabsuetrakul, T; Choobun, T; Peeyananjarassri, K; Islam, QM (26 March 2020). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (3): CD004455. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004455.pub5. PMC 7096725. PMID 32215906.
Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T, Alfirevic Z, Gates S, Newburn M, Jordan S, Lavender T, Neilson JP (March 2012). "Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3): CD009234. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2. PMC 7132546. PMID 22419342.
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus Newborn; American College of Obstetricians Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice (April 2014). "Immersion in water during labor and delivery". Pediatrics. 133 (4): 758–61. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3794. hdl:11573/1473752. PMID 24652300.
McKinney, Jordan; Vilchez, Gustavo; Jowers, Alicia; Atchoo, Amanda; Lin, Lifeng; Kaunitz, Andrew; Lewis, Kendall; Sanchez-Ramos, Luis (March 2024). "Water birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 230 (3): S961–S979.e33. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.08.034. PMID 38462266. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
Bohren MA, Hofmeyr GJ, Sakala C, Fukuzawa RK, Cuthbert A (July 2017). "Continuous support for women during childbirth". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (8): CD003766. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6. PMC 6483123. PMID 28681500.
Caughey AB, Cahill AG, Guise JM, Rouse DJ (March 2014). "Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 210 (3): 179–93. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.01.026. PMID 24565430.
Kumar, Manoj; Paes, Bosco (July 2003). "Epidural Opioid Analgesia and Neonatal Respiratory Depression". Journal of Perinatology. 23 (5): 425–27. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7210905. ISSN 1476-5543. PMID 12847541.
Thorp JA, Breedlove G (June 1996). "Epidural analgesia in labor: an evaluation of risks and benefits". Birth. 23 (2): 63–83. doi:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1996.tb00833.x. PMID 8826170.
Anim-Somuah M, Smyth RM, Cyna AM, Cuthbert A (May 2018). "Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (5): CD000331. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000331.pub4. PMC 6494646. PMID 29781504.
Alehagen S, Wijma B, Lundberg U, Wijma K (September 2005). "Fear, pain and stress hormones during childbirth". Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 26 (3): 153–65. doi:10.1080/01443610400023072. PMID 16295513. S2CID 44646591.
Loftus JR, Hill H, Cohen SE (August 1995). "Placental transfer and neonatal effects of epidural sufentanil and fentanyl administered with bupivacaine during labor". Anesthesiology. 83 (2): 300–08. doi:10.1097/00000542-199508000-00010. PMID 7631952.
Wei SQ, Luo ZC, Xu H, Fraser WD (September 2009). "The effect of early oxytocin augmentation in labor: a meta-analysis". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 114 (3): 641–49. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b11cb8. PMID 19701046. S2CID 29571476.
Jiang H, Qian X, Carroli G, Garner P (February 2017). "Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (2): CD000081. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000081.pub3. PMC 5449575. PMID 28176333.
Alfirevic, Zarko; Gyte, Gillian ML; Cuthbert, Anna; Devane, Declan (2017). "Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2 (5): CD006066. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006066.pub3. PMC 6464257. PMID 28157275. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Glazener CM, Abdalla M, Stroud P, Naji S, Templeton A, Russell IT (April 1995). "Postnatal maternal morbidity: extent, causes, prevention and treatment". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 102 (4): 282–87. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09132.x. PMID 7612509. S2CID 38872754.
Thompson JF, Roberts CL, Currie M, Ellwood DA (June 2002). "Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth". Birth. 29 (2): 83–94. doi:10.1046/j.1523-536X.2002.00167.x. PMID 12051189.
Borders N (2006). "After the afterbirth: a critical review of postpartum health relative to method of delivery". Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 51 (4): 242–48. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.10.014. PMID 16814217.
Say, Lale; Chou, Doris; Gemmill, Alison; Tunçalp, Özge; Moller, Ann-Beth; Daniels, Jane; Gülmezoglu, A. Metin; Temmerman, Marleen; Alkema, Leontine (1 June 2014). "Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis". The Lancet Global Health. 2 (6): e323–e333. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X. hdl:1854/LU-5796925. ISSN 2214-109X. PMID 25103301. S2CID 8706769.
Bienstock, Jessica L.; Eke, Ahizechukwu C.; Hueppchen, Nancy A. (29 April 2021). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (17): 1635–1645. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1513247. ISSN 1533-4406. PMC 10181876. PMID 33913640. S2CID 233447661.
Ataman, A. D.; Vatanoğlu-Lutz, E. E.; Yıldırım, G. (2013). "Medicine in stamps-Ignaz Semmelweis and Puerperal Fever". Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association. 14 (1): 35–39. doi:10.5152/jtgga.2013.08. PMC 3881728. PMID 24592068.
Jaju S, Al Kharusi L, Gowri V (2015). "Antenatal prevalence of fear associated with childbirth and depressed mood in primigravid women". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 57 (2): 158–61. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.158152. PMC 4462784. PMID 26124521.
Lukasse M, Schei B, Ryding EL (October 2014). "Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six European countries". Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare. 5 (3): 99–106. doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2014.06.007. hdl:10642/2246. PMID 25200969.
Carlino, Elisa; Frisaldi, Elisa; Benedetti, Fabrizio (June 2014). "Pain and the Context". Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 10 (6): 348–355. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2014.17. PMID 24567065.
Lapp LK, Agbokou C, Peretti CS, Ferreri F (September 2010). "Management of post traumatic stress disorder after childbirth: a review". Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 31 (3): 113–22. doi:10.3109/0167482X.2010.503330. PMID 20653342. S2CID 23594561.
Condon J (February 2010). "Women's mental health: a "wish-list" for the DSM V". Archives of Women's Mental Health. 13 (1): 5–10. doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0114-1. PMID 20127444. S2CID 1102994.
Alder J, Stadlmayr W, Tschudin S, Bitzer J (June 2006). "Post-traumatic symptoms after childbirth: what should we offer?". Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 27 (2): 107–12. doi:10.1080/01674820600714632. PMID 16808085. S2CID 21859634.
Jones I, Chandra PS, Dazzan P, Howard LM (November 2014). "Bipolar disorder, affective psychosis, and schizophrenia in pregnancy and the post-partum period". Lancet. 384 (9956): 1789–99. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61278-2. PMID 25455249. S2CID 44481055.
Draper, Elizabeth S.; Manktelow, Bradley N.; Smith, Lucy; Rubayet, Sayed; Hirst, Jane; Neuman, Melissa; King, Carina; Osrin, David; Prost, Audrey (6 February 2016). "Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030". The Lancet. 387 (10018): 587–603. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00837-5. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 26794078.
Tsatsaris, Vassilis; Cabrol, Dominique; Carbonne, Bruno (2004). "Pharmacokinetics of tocolytic agents". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 43 (13): 833–844. doi:10.2165/00003088-200443130-00001. ISSN 0312-5963. PMID 15509182. S2CID 43377674. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Muglu, J; Rather, H; Arroyo-Manzano, D; Bhattacharya, S; Balchin, I; Khalil, A; Thilaganathan, B; Khan, KS; Zamora, J; Thangaratinam, S (July 2019). "Risks of stillbirth and neonatal death with advancing gestation at term: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of 15 million pregnancies". PLOS Medicine. 16 (7): e1002838. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002838. PMC 6605635. PMID 31265456.
"Practice Bulletin No. 146: Management of Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancies". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 124 (2 PART 1): 390–396. August 2014. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000452744.06088.48. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 25050770. S2CID 7149045. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Ohlsson A, Shah VS (June 2014). "Intrapartum antibiotics for known maternal Group B streptococcal colonization". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (6): CD007467. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007467.pub4. PMID 24915629. S2CID 205189572.
van Handel M, Swaab H, de Vries LS, Jongmans MJ (July 2007). "Long-term cognitive and behavioral consequences of neonatal encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia: a review". European Journal of Pediatrics. 166 (7): 645–54. doi:10.1007/s00431-007-0437-8. PMC 1914268. PMID 17426984.
Marret, Stéphane; Vanhulle, Catherine; Laquerriere, Annie (1 January 2013), Dulac, Olivier; Lassonde, Maryse; Sarnat, Harvey B. (eds.), "Chapter 16 - Pathophysiology of cerebral palsy", Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Pediatric Neurology Part I, 111, Elsevier: 169–176, doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00016-6, ISBN 9780444528919, PMID 23622161, retrieved 28 July 2022
Dye NS (Autumn 1980). "History of Childbirth in America". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 6 (1). The University of Chicago Press: 97–108. doi:10.1086/493779. JSTOR 3173968. PMID 21213655. S2CID 144068193.
Loudon I (July 2000). "Maternal mortality in the past and its relevance to developing countries today". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 72 (1 Suppl): 241S–246S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.1.241S. PMID 10871589.
Thompson CJ (2005). "Consumer Risk Perceptions in a Community of Reflexive Doubt". Journal of Consumer Research. 32 (2): 235–48. doi:10.1086/432233.
NIH (2006). "State-of-the-Science Conference Statement. Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request" (PDF). Obstetrics & Gynecology. 107 (6): 1386–97. doi:10.1097/00006250-200606000-00027. PMID 16738168. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
Murray, Christopher JL; Lopez, Alan D; Vos, Theo; et al. (GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
Weber SE (January 1996). "Cultural aspects of pain in childbearing women". Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 25 (1): 67–72. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1996.tb02515.x. PMID 8627405.
Callister LC, Khalaf I, Semenic S, Kartchner R, et al. (December 2003). "The pain of childbirth: perceptions of culturally diverse women". Pain Management Nursing. 4 (4): 145–54. doi:10.1016/S1524-9042(03)00028-6. PMID 14663792.
Hodnett ED (May 2002). "Pain and women's satisfaction with the experience of childbirth: a systematic review". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 186 (5 Suppl Nature): S160-72. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(02)70189-0. PMID 12011880. S2CID 33672391.
Hsia RY, Akosa Antwi Y, Weber E (January 2014). "Analysis of variation in charges and prices paid for vaginal and caesarean section births: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open. 4 (1): e004017. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004017. PMC 3902513. PMID 24435892.
Dziadosz M, Basch RS, Young BK (March 2016). "Human amniotic fluid: a source of stem cells for possible therapeutic use". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 214 (3): 321–27. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.061. PMID 26767797.

dx.doi.org

World Health Organization Human Reproduction Programme, 10 April 2015 (January 2015). "WHO Statement on caesarean section rates". Reproductive Health Matters. 23 (45): 149–150. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2015.07.007. hdl:11343/249912. ISSN 0968-8080. PMID 26278843. S2CID 40829330.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Tingåker, Berith K; Johansson, Olle; Cluff, Ann Hjelm; Ekman-Ordeberg, Gunvor (March 2006). "Unaltered innervation of the human cervix uteri in contrast to the corpus during pregnancy and labor as revealed by PGP 9.5 immunohistochemistry". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 125 (1): 66–71. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.07.020.

encyclopedia.com

"Birth". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (6 ed.). Columbia University Press. 2016. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016 – via Encyclopedia.com.

forbes.com

Rivelli, Elizabeth. "How Much Does It Cost To Have A Baby? 2023 Averages". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.

guttmacher.org

Ball H (June 2009). "Active management of the third state of labour is rare in some developing countries". International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 35 (2). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

World Health Organization Human Reproduction Programme, 10 April 2015 (January 2015). "WHO Statement on caesarean section rates". Reproductive Health Matters. 23 (45): 149–150. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2015.07.007. hdl:11343/249912. ISSN 0968-8080. PMID 26278843. S2CID 40829330.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus Newborn; American College of Obstetricians Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice (April 2014). "Immersion in water during labor and delivery". Pediatrics. 133 (4): 758–61. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3794. hdl:11573/1473752. PMID 24652300.
Say, Lale; Chou, Doris; Gemmill, Alison; Tunçalp, Özge; Moller, Ann-Beth; Daniels, Jane; Gülmezoglu, A. Metin; Temmerman, Marleen; Alkema, Leontine (1 June 2014). "Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis". The Lancet Global Health. 2 (6): e323–e333. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X. hdl:1854/LU-5796925. ISSN 2214-109X. PMID 25103301. S2CID 8706769.
Lukasse M, Schei B, Ryding EL (October 2014). "Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six European countries". Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare. 5 (3): 99–106. doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2014.06.007. hdl:10642/2246. PMID 25200969.

healthyamericans.org

Levi J, Kohn D, Johnson K (June 2011). "Healthy Women, Healthy Babies: How health reform can improve the health of women and babies in America" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Trust for America's Health. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2013.

hopkinsmedicine.org

"The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative". Johns Hopkins Medicine. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.

itg.be

dspace.itg.be

Van Lerberghe W, De Brouwere V (2001). "Of Blind Alleys and Things That Have Worked: History's Lessons on Reducing Maternal Mortality". In De Brouwere V, Van Lerberghe W (eds.). Safe Motherhood Strategies: A Review of the Evidence. Studies in Health Services Organisation and Policy. Vol. 17. Antwerp: ITG Press. pp. 7–33. ISBN 978-90-76070-19-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2013. Where nothing effective is done to avert maternal death, "natural" mortality is probably of the order of magnitude of 1,500/100,000.

jstor.org

Dye NS (Autumn 1980). "History of Childbirth in America". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 6 (1). The University of Chicago Press: 97–108. doi:10.1086/493779. JSTOR 3173968. PMID 21213655. S2CID 144068193.

kangaroomothercare.com

"Fathers and skin-to-skin contact". Kangaroo Mother Care. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2013.

lamaze.org

"Making Noise in Labor and Birth". Lamaze International. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.

legislation.gov.uk

"The Nursing and Midwifery Order 2001". London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, The National Archives, Ministry of Justice, Her Majesty's Government. 2002. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013.

llli.org

"Birth and Breastfeeding". La Leche League. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.

lumenlearning.com

courses.lumenlearning.com

"Birth (Parturition) | Boundless Anatomy and Physiology". courses.lumenlearning.com. Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.

lww.com

journals.lww.com

Tingåker, Berith K; Irestedt, Lars (June 2010). "Changes in uterine innervation in pregnancy and during labour". Current Opinion in Anesthesiology. 23 (3): 300–303. doi:10.1097/ACO.0b013e328337c881. ISSN 0952-7907.
"Practice Bulletin No. 146: Management of Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancies". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 124 (2 PART 1): 390–396. August 2014. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000452744.06088.48. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 25050770. S2CID 7149045. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.

mayoclinic.org

"Labor and delivery, postpartum care". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
"Baby's head shape: Cause for concern?". Mayo Clinic. 10 March 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
"Labor and delivery, postpartum care". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
Mayo clinic staff. "Cervical effacement and dilation". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 4 December 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Mayo clinic staff. "Postpartum care: What to expect after a vaginal delivery". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
"Labor and delivery, postpartum care". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

medscape.com

Phillips, Raylene. "Uninterrupted Skin-to-Skin Contact Immediately After Birth". Medscape. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
Zhang J, Troendle JF, Yancey MK (October 2002). "Reassessing the labor curve in nulliparous women". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 187 (4): 824–28. doi:10.1067/mob.2002.127142. PMID 12388957. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.

emedicine.medscape.com

Goldberg AE (2 March 2018). "Cervical Ripening". Medscape. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
"Abnormal Labour". Medscape. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2018.

merck.com

Kendig, James W (March 2007). "Postmature Infant". The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2008.

nhs.uk

"Where to give birth: the options". NHS. December 2020. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
"Forceps or vacuum delivery". NHS. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.

nice.org.uk

"Care of healthy women and their babies during childbirth". National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. December 2014. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
"Recommendations: Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies". National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 3 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.

nichq.org

"Rooming-in: An Essential Evolution in American Maternity Care". NICHO. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
"Rooming-in: An Essential Evolution in American Maternity Care", By Jennifer Usianov. National Institute for Children's Health Quality. {https://www.nichq.org/insight/rooming-essential-evolution-american-maternity-care}^{[permanent dead link‍]} Retrieved 1 November 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lunze K, Bloom DE, Jamison DT, Hamer DH (January 2013). "The global burden of neonatal hypothermia: systematic review of a major challenge for newborn survival". BMC Medicine. 11 (1): 24. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-24. PMC 3606398. PMID 23369256.
Memon HU, Handa VL (May 2013). "Vaginal childbirth and pelvic floor disorders". Women's Health. 9 (3): 265–77, quiz 276–77. doi:10.2217/whe.13.17. PMC 3877300. PMID 23638782.
Olsen, Ole; Clausen, Jette A. (8 March 2023). "Planned hospital birth compared with planned home birth for pregnant women at low risk of complications". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (3): CD000352. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000352.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 9994459. PMID 36884026.
McDonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, Morris PS (July 2013). "Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD004074. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub3. PMC 6544813. PMID 23843134.
Scatliffe, N.; Casavant, S.; Vittner, D.; Cong, X. (2019). "Oxytocin and early parent-infant interactions: A systematic review". International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 6 (4): 445–453. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.09.009. PMC 6838998. PMID 31728399.
Kupferminc M, Lessing JB, Yaron Y, Peyser MR (December 1993). "Nifedipine versus ritodrine for suppression of preterm labour". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 100 (12): 1090–94. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15171.x. PMID 8297841. S2CID 24521943.
Jokic M, Guillois B, Cauquelin B, Giroux JD, Bessis JL, Morello R, Levy G, Ballet JJ (March 2000). "Fetal distress increases interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 and decreases tumour necrosis factor-alpha cord blood levels in noninfected full-term neonates". BJOG. 107 (3): 420–25. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13241.x. PMID 10740342.
Lyrenäs S, Clason I, Ulmsten U (February 2001). "In vivo controlled release of PGE2 from a vaginal insert (0.8 mm, 10 mg) during induction of labour". BJOG. 108 (2): 169–78. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00039.x. PMID 11236117. S2CID 45247771.
Giacalone PL, Vignal J, Daures JP, Boulot P, Hedon B, Laffargue F (March 2000). "A randomised evaluation of two techniques of management of the third stage of labour in women at low risk of postpartum haemorrhage". BJOG. 107 (3): 396–400. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13236.x. PMID 10740337.
Hantoushzadeh S, Alhusseini N, Lebaschi AH (February 2007). "The effects of acupuncture during labour on nulliparous women: a randomised controlled trial". The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 47 (1): 26–30. doi:10.1111/j.1479-828X.2006.00674.x. PMID 17261096. S2CID 23495692.
Boyle A, Reddy UM, Landy HJ, Huang CC, Driggers RW, Laughon SK (July 2013). "Primary cesarean delivery in the United States". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 122 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182952242. PMC 3713634. PMID 23743454.
Zhang J, Troendle JF, Yancey MK (October 2002). "Reassessing the labor curve in nulliparous women". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 187 (4): 824–28. doi:10.1067/mob.2002.127142. PMID 12388957. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.
Rouse DJ, Weiner SJ, Bloom SL, Varner MW, et al. (October 2009). "Second-stage labor duration in nulliparous women: relationship to maternal and perinatal outcomes". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 201 (4): 357.e1–7. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.08.003. PMC 2768280. PMID 19788967.
Jangsten E, Mattsson LÅ, Lyckestam I, Hellström AL, et al. (February 2011). "A comparison of active management and expectant management of the third stage of labour: a Swedish randomised controlled trial". BJOG. 118 (3): 362–69. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02800.x. PMID 21134105.
Weeks AD (December 2008). "The retained placenta". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 22 (6): 1103–17. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.07.005. PMID 18793876.
Stanton C, Armbruster D, Knight R, Ariawan I, et al. (March 2009). "Use of active management of the third stage of labour in seven developing countries". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 87 (3): 207–15. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.052597 (inactive 5 December 2024). PMC 2654655. PMID 19377717.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link)
International Confederation of Midwives; International Federation of Gynaecologists Obstetricians (2004). "Joint statement: management of the third stage of labour to prevent post-partum haemorrhage". Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 49 (1): 76–77. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2003.11.005. PMID 14710151.
McDonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, Morris PS (July 2013). McDonald SJ (ed.). "Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD004074. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub3. PMC 6544813. PMID 23843134.
Gjerdingen DK, Froberg DG (January 1991). "The fourth stage of labor: the health of birth mothers and adoptive mothers at six-weeks postpartum". Family Medicine. 23 (1): 29–35. PMID 2001778.
Whitaker, Amy K.; Chen, Beatrice A. (5 October 2017). "Society of Family Planning Guidelines: Postplacental insertion of intrauterine devices". Contraception. 97 (1) (published January 2018): 2–13. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2017.09.014. ISSN 0010-7824. PMID 28987293.
Crenshaw J (2007). "Care practice #6: no separation of mother and baby, with unlimited opportunities for breastfeeding". The Journal of Perinatal Education. 16 (3): 39–43. doi:10.1624/105812407X217147. PMC 1948089. PMID 18566647.
Moore ER, Bergman N, Anderson GC, Medley N (November 2016). "Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (11): CD003519. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003519.pub4. PMC 3979156. PMID 27885658.
Scatliffe, N.; Casavant, S.; Vittner, D.; Cong, X. (2019). "Oxytocin and early parent-infant interactions: A systematic review". International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 6 (4): 445–453. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.09.009. PMC 6838998. PMID 31728399.
Mozurkewich EL, Chilimigras JL, Berman DR, Perni UC, Romero VC, King VJ, Keeton KL (October 2011). "Methods of induction of labour: a systematic review". BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 11: 84. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-11-84. PMC 3224350. PMID 22032440.
Trojano, Giuseppe; Damiani, Gianluca Raffaello; Olivieri, Claudiana; Villa, Mario; Malvasi, Antonio; Alfonso, Raffaello; Loverro, Matteo; Cicinelli, Ettore (6 September 2019). "VBAC: antenatal predictors of success". Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis. 90 (3): 300–309. doi:10.23750/abm.v90i3.7623. ISSN 2531-6745. PMC 7233729. PMID 31580319.
Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, Ventura SJ, Mathews TJ, Kirmeyer S, Osterman MJ (August 2010). "Births: final data for 2007" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. 58 (24): 1–85. PMID 21254725. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2013.
World Health Organization Human Reproduction Programme, 10 April 2015 (January 2015). "WHO Statement on caesarean section rates". Reproductive Health Matters. 23 (45): 149–150. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2015.07.007. hdl:11343/249912. ISSN 0968-8080. PMID 26278843. S2CID 40829330.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
MacKenzie, I. Z.; Cooke, Inez B; Annan, B. (2003). "Indications for caesarean section in a consultant obstetric unit over three decades". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 23 (3): 233–238. doi:10.1080/0144361031000098316. PMID 12850849. S2CID 25452611. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
Kozhimannil, K. B.; Graves, A. J.; Ecklund, A. M.; Shah, N.; Aggarwal, R.; Snowden, J. M. (2018). "Cesarean Delivery Rates and Costs of Childbirth in a State Medicaid Program After Implementation of a Blended Payment Policy". Medical Care. 56 (8): 658–664. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000937. PMID 29912840. S2CID 49305610. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
Bohren, MA; Hofmeyr, GJ; Sakala, C; Fukuzawa, RK; Cuthbert, A (6 July 2017). "Continuous support for women during childbirth". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (8): CD003766. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6. PMC 6483123. PMID 28681500.
Tranmer JE, Hodnett ED, Hannah ME, Stevens BJ (2005). "The effect of unrestricted oral carbohydrate intake on labor progress". Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 34 (3): 319–28. doi:10.1177/0884217505276155. PMID 15890830.
O'Sullivan G, Scrutton M (March 2003). "NPO during labor. Is there any scientific validation?". Anesthesiology Clinics of North America. 21 (1): 87–98. doi:10.1016/S0889-8537(02)00029-9. PMID 12698834.
Singata M, Tranmer J, Gyte GM (August 2013). Singata M (ed.). "Restricting oral fluid and food intake during labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8). Pregnancy and Childbirth Group: CD003930. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003930.pub3. PMC 4175539. PMID 23966209. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
Basevi V, Lavender T (November 2014). "Routine perineal shaving on admission in labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (11): CD001236. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001236.pub2. PMC 7076285. PMID 25398160.
Lumbiganon P, Thinkhamrop J, Thinkhamrop B, Tolosa JE (September 2014). "Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding Group B Streptococcal and HIV)". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (9): CD004070. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004070.pub3. PMC 7104295. PMID 25218725.
Haas, David M.; Morgan, Sarah; Contreras, Karenrose; Kimball, Savannah (26 April 2020). "Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution before cesarean section for preventing postoperative infections". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (4): CD007892. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007892.pub7. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 7195184. PMID 32335895.
Liabsuetrakul, T; Choobun, T; Peeyananjarassri, K; Islam, QM (26 March 2020). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (3): CD004455. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004455.pub5. PMC 7096725. PMID 32215906.
Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T, Alfirevic Z, Gates S, Newburn M, Jordan S, Lavender T, Neilson JP (March 2012). "Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3): CD009234. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2. PMC 7132546. PMID 22419342.
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus Newborn; American College of Obstetricians Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice (April 2014). "Immersion in water during labor and delivery". Pediatrics. 133 (4): 758–61. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3794. hdl:11573/1473752. PMID 24652300.
McKinney, Jordan; Vilchez, Gustavo; Jowers, Alicia; Atchoo, Amanda; Lin, Lifeng; Kaunitz, Andrew; Lewis, Kendall; Sanchez-Ramos, Luis (March 2024). "Water birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 230 (3): S961–S979.e33. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.08.034. PMID 38462266. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
Bohren MA, Hofmeyr GJ, Sakala C, Fukuzawa RK, Cuthbert A (July 2017). "Continuous support for women during childbirth". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (8): CD003766. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6. PMC 6483123. PMID 28681500.
Caughey AB, Cahill AG, Guise JM, Rouse DJ (March 2014). "Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 210 (3): 179–93. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.01.026. PMID 24565430.
Kumar, Manoj; Paes, Bosco (July 2003). "Epidural Opioid Analgesia and Neonatal Respiratory Depression". Journal of Perinatology. 23 (5): 425–27. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7210905. ISSN 1476-5543. PMID 12847541.
Thorp JA, Breedlove G (June 1996). "Epidural analgesia in labor: an evaluation of risks and benefits". Birth. 23 (2): 63–83. doi:10.1111/j.1523-536X.1996.tb00833.x. PMID 8826170.
Anim-Somuah M, Smyth RM, Cyna AM, Cuthbert A (May 2018). "Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (5): CD000331. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000331.pub4. PMC 6494646. PMID 29781504.
Alehagen S, Wijma B, Lundberg U, Wijma K (September 2005). "Fear, pain and stress hormones during childbirth". Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 26 (3): 153–65. doi:10.1080/01443610400023072. PMID 16295513. S2CID 44646591.
Loftus JR, Hill H, Cohen SE (August 1995). "Placental transfer and neonatal effects of epidural sufentanil and fentanyl administered with bupivacaine during labor". Anesthesiology. 83 (2): 300–08. doi:10.1097/00000542-199508000-00010. PMID 7631952.
Wei SQ, Luo ZC, Xu H, Fraser WD (September 2009). "The effect of early oxytocin augmentation in labor: a meta-analysis". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 114 (3): 641–49. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b11cb8. PMID 19701046. S2CID 29571476.
Jiang H, Qian X, Carroli G, Garner P (February 2017). "Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (2): CD000081. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000081.pub3. PMC 5449575. PMID 28176333.
Alfirevic, Zarko; Gyte, Gillian ML; Cuthbert, Anna; Devane, Declan (2017). "Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2 (5): CD006066. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006066.pub3. PMC 6464257. PMID 28157275. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Glazener CM, Abdalla M, Stroud P, Naji S, Templeton A, Russell IT (April 1995). "Postnatal maternal morbidity: extent, causes, prevention and treatment". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 102 (4): 282–87. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09132.x. PMID 7612509. S2CID 38872754.
Thompson JF, Roberts CL, Currie M, Ellwood DA (June 2002). "Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth". Birth. 29 (2): 83–94. doi:10.1046/j.1523-536X.2002.00167.x. PMID 12051189.
Borders N (2006). "After the afterbirth: a critical review of postpartum health relative to method of delivery". Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 51 (4): 242–48. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.10.014. PMID 16814217.
Say, Lale; Chou, Doris; Gemmill, Alison; Tunçalp, Özge; Moller, Ann-Beth; Daniels, Jane; Gülmezoglu, A. Metin; Temmerman, Marleen; Alkema, Leontine (1 June 2014). "Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis". The Lancet Global Health. 2 (6): e323–e333. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X. hdl:1854/LU-5796925. ISSN 2214-109X. PMID 25103301. S2CID 8706769.
Bienstock, Jessica L.; Eke, Ahizechukwu C.; Hueppchen, Nancy A. (29 April 2021). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (17): 1635–1645. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1513247. ISSN 1533-4406. PMC 10181876. PMID 33913640. S2CID 233447661.
Ataman, A. D.; Vatanoğlu-Lutz, E. E.; Yıldırım, G. (2013). "Medicine in stamps-Ignaz Semmelweis and Puerperal Fever". Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association. 14 (1): 35–39. doi:10.5152/jtgga.2013.08. PMC 3881728. PMID 24592068.
Jaju S, Al Kharusi L, Gowri V (2015). "Antenatal prevalence of fear associated with childbirth and depressed mood in primigravid women". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 57 (2): 158–61. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.158152. PMC 4462784. PMID 26124521.
Lukasse M, Schei B, Ryding EL (October 2014). "Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six European countries". Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare. 5 (3): 99–106. doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2014.06.007. hdl:10642/2246. PMID 25200969.
Carlino, Elisa; Frisaldi, Elisa; Benedetti, Fabrizio (June 2014). "Pain and the Context". Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 10 (6): 348–355. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2014.17. PMID 24567065.
Lapp LK, Agbokou C, Peretti CS, Ferreri F (September 2010). "Management of post traumatic stress disorder after childbirth: a review". Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 31 (3): 113–22. doi:10.3109/0167482X.2010.503330. PMID 20653342. S2CID 23594561.
Condon J (February 2010). "Women's mental health: a "wish-list" for the DSM V". Archives of Women's Mental Health. 13 (1): 5–10. doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0114-1. PMID 20127444. S2CID 1102994.
Alder J, Stadlmayr W, Tschudin S, Bitzer J (June 2006). "Post-traumatic symptoms after childbirth: what should we offer?". Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 27 (2): 107–12. doi:10.1080/01674820600714632. PMID 16808085. S2CID 21859634.
Jones I, Chandra PS, Dazzan P, Howard LM (November 2014). "Bipolar disorder, affective psychosis, and schizophrenia in pregnancy and the post-partum period". Lancet. 384 (9956): 1789–99. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61278-2. PMID 25455249. S2CID 44481055.
Draper, Elizabeth S.; Manktelow, Bradley N.; Smith, Lucy; Rubayet, Sayed; Hirst, Jane; Neuman, Melissa; King, Carina; Osrin, David; Prost, Audrey (6 February 2016). "Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030". The Lancet. 387 (10018): 587–603. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00837-5. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 26794078.
Tsatsaris, Vassilis; Cabrol, Dominique; Carbonne, Bruno (2004). "Pharmacokinetics of tocolytic agents". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 43 (13): 833–844. doi:10.2165/00003088-200443130-00001. ISSN 0312-5963. PMID 15509182. S2CID 43377674. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Muglu, J; Rather, H; Arroyo-Manzano, D; Bhattacharya, S; Balchin, I; Khalil, A; Thilaganathan, B; Khan, KS; Zamora, J; Thangaratinam, S (July 2019). "Risks of stillbirth and neonatal death with advancing gestation at term: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of 15 million pregnancies". PLOS Medicine. 16 (7): e1002838. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002838. PMC 6605635. PMID 31265456.
"Practice Bulletin No. 146: Management of Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancies". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 124 (2 PART 1): 390–396. August 2014. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000452744.06088.48. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 25050770. S2CID 7149045. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Wang, Mary; Fontaine, Patricia (1 August 2014). "Common Questions About Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancy". American Family Physician. 90 (3): 160–165. PMID 25077721. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Ohlsson A, Shah VS (June 2014). "Intrapartum antibiotics for known maternal Group B streptococcal colonization". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (6): CD007467. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007467.pub4. PMID 24915629. S2CID 205189572.
van Handel M, Swaab H, de Vries LS, Jongmans MJ (July 2007). "Long-term cognitive and behavioral consequences of neonatal encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia: a review". European Journal of Pediatrics. 166 (7): 645–54. doi:10.1007/s00431-007-0437-8. PMC 1914268. PMID 17426984.
Marret, Stéphane; Vanhulle, Catherine; Laquerriere, Annie (1 January 2013), Dulac, Olivier; Lassonde, Maryse; Sarnat, Harvey B. (eds.), "Chapter 16 - Pathophysiology of cerebral palsy", Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Pediatric Neurology Part I, 111, Elsevier: 169–176, doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00016-6, ISBN 9780444528919, PMID 23622161, retrieved 28 July 2022
Dye NS (Autumn 1980). "History of Childbirth in America". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 6 (1). The University of Chicago Press: 97–108. doi:10.1086/493779. JSTOR 3173968. PMID 21213655. S2CID 144068193.
Loudon I (July 2000). "Maternal mortality in the past and its relevance to developing countries today". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 72 (1 Suppl): 241S–246S. doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.1.241S. PMID 10871589.
NIH (2006). "State-of-the-Science Conference Statement. Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request" (PDF). Obstetrics & Gynecology. 107 (6): 1386–97. doi:10.1097/00006250-200606000-00027. PMID 16738168. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
Murray, Christopher JL; Lopez, Alan D; Vos, Theo; et al. (GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
Weber SE (January 1996). "Cultural aspects of pain in childbearing women". Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 25 (1): 67–72. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1996.tb02515.x. PMID 8627405.
Callister LC, Khalaf I, Semenic S, Kartchner R, et al. (December 2003). "The pain of childbirth: perceptions of culturally diverse women". Pain Management Nursing. 4 (4): 145–54. doi:10.1016/S1524-9042(03)00028-6. PMID 14663792.
Hodnett ED (May 2002). "Pain and women's satisfaction with the experience of childbirth: a systematic review". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 186 (5 Suppl Nature): S160-72. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(02)70189-0. PMID 12011880. S2CID 33672391.
Hsia RY, Akosa Antwi Y, Weber E (January 2014). "Analysis of variation in charges and prices paid for vaginal and caesarean section births: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open. 4 (1): e004017. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004017. PMC 3902513. PMID 24435892.
National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (2007). Intrapartum Care: Care of Healthy Women and Their Babies During Childbirth. NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 55. London: RCOG. ISBN 9781904752363. PMID 21250397. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2019.^{[page needed]}
Dziadosz M, Basch RS, Young BK (March 2016). "Human amniotic fluid: a source of stem cells for possible therapeutic use". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 214 (3): 321–27. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.061. PMID 26767797.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lunze K, Bloom DE, Jamison DT, Hamer DH (January 2013). "The global burden of neonatal hypothermia: systematic review of a major challenge for newborn survival". BMC Medicine. 11 (1): 24. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-24. PMC 3606398. PMID 23369256.
Memon HU, Handa VL (May 2013). "Vaginal childbirth and pelvic floor disorders". Women's Health. 9 (3): 265–77, quiz 276–77. doi:10.2217/whe.13.17. PMC 3877300. PMID 23638782.
Olsen, Ole; Clausen, Jette A. (8 March 2023). "Planned hospital birth compared with planned home birth for pregnant women at low risk of complications". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (3): CD000352. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000352.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 9994459. PMID 36884026.
McDonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, Morris PS (July 2013). "Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD004074. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub3. PMC 6544813. PMID 23843134.
Scatliffe, N.; Casavant, S.; Vittner, D.; Cong, X. (2019). "Oxytocin and early parent-infant interactions: A systematic review". International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 6 (4): 445–453. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.09.009. PMC 6838998. PMID 31728399.
Boyle A, Reddy UM, Landy HJ, Huang CC, Driggers RW, Laughon SK (July 2013). "Primary cesarean delivery in the United States". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 122 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182952242. PMC 3713634. PMID 23743454.
Rouse DJ, Weiner SJ, Bloom SL, Varner MW, et al. (October 2009). "Second-stage labor duration in nulliparous women: relationship to maternal and perinatal outcomes". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 201 (4): 357.e1–7. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.08.003. PMC 2768280. PMID 19788967.
Stanton C, Armbruster D, Knight R, Ariawan I, et al. (March 2009). "Use of active management of the third stage of labour in seven developing countries". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 87 (3): 207–15. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.052597 (inactive 5 December 2024). PMC 2654655. PMID 19377717.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2024 (link)
McDonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, Morris PS (July 2013). McDonald SJ (ed.). "Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD004074. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub3. PMC 6544813. PMID 23843134.
Crenshaw J (2007). "Care practice #6: no separation of mother and baby, with unlimited opportunities for breastfeeding". The Journal of Perinatal Education. 16 (3): 39–43. doi:10.1624/105812407X217147. PMC 1948089. PMID 18566647.
Moore ER, Bergman N, Anderson GC, Medley N (November 2016). "Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (11): CD003519. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003519.pub4. PMC 3979156. PMID 27885658.
Scatliffe, N.; Casavant, S.; Vittner, D.; Cong, X. (2019). "Oxytocin and early parent-infant interactions: A systematic review". International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 6 (4): 445–453. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.09.009. PMC 6838998. PMID 31728399.
Mozurkewich EL, Chilimigras JL, Berman DR, Perni UC, Romero VC, King VJ, Keeton KL (October 2011). "Methods of induction of labour: a systematic review". BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 11: 84. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-11-84. PMC 3224350. PMID 22032440.
Trojano, Giuseppe; Damiani, Gianluca Raffaello; Olivieri, Claudiana; Villa, Mario; Malvasi, Antonio; Alfonso, Raffaello; Loverro, Matteo; Cicinelli, Ettore (6 September 2019). "VBAC: antenatal predictors of success". Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis. 90 (3): 300–309. doi:10.23750/abm.v90i3.7623. ISSN 2531-6745. PMC 7233729. PMID 31580319.
Bohren, MA; Hofmeyr, GJ; Sakala, C; Fukuzawa, RK; Cuthbert, A (6 July 2017). "Continuous support for women during childbirth". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (8): CD003766. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6. PMC 6483123. PMID 28681500.
Singata M, Tranmer J, Gyte GM (August 2013). Singata M (ed.). "Restricting oral fluid and food intake during labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8). Pregnancy and Childbirth Group: CD003930. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003930.pub3. PMC 4175539. PMID 23966209. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
Basevi V, Lavender T (November 2014). "Routine perineal shaving on admission in labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (11): CD001236. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001236.pub2. PMC 7076285. PMID 25398160.
Lumbiganon P, Thinkhamrop J, Thinkhamrop B, Tolosa JE (September 2014). "Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding Group B Streptococcal and HIV)". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (9): CD004070. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004070.pub3. PMC 7104295. PMID 25218725.
Haas, David M.; Morgan, Sarah; Contreras, Karenrose; Kimball, Savannah (26 April 2020). "Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution before cesarean section for preventing postoperative infections". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (4): CD007892. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007892.pub7. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 7195184. PMID 32335895.
Liabsuetrakul, T; Choobun, T; Peeyananjarassri, K; Islam, QM (26 March 2020). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (3): CD004455. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004455.pub5. PMC 7096725. PMID 32215906.
Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T, Alfirevic Z, Gates S, Newburn M, Jordan S, Lavender T, Neilson JP (March 2012). "Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3): CD009234. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2. PMC 7132546. PMID 22419342.
Bohren MA, Hofmeyr GJ, Sakala C, Fukuzawa RK, Cuthbert A (July 2017). "Continuous support for women during childbirth". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (8): CD003766. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6. PMC 6483123. PMID 28681500.
Anim-Somuah M, Smyth RM, Cyna AM, Cuthbert A (May 2018). "Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (5): CD000331. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000331.pub4. PMC 6494646. PMID 29781504.
Jiang H, Qian X, Carroli G, Garner P (February 2017). "Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (2): CD000081. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000081.pub3. PMC 5449575. PMID 28176333.
Alfirevic, Zarko; Gyte, Gillian ML; Cuthbert, Anna; Devane, Declan (2017). "Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2 (5): CD006066. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006066.pub3. PMC 6464257. PMID 28157275. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Bienstock, Jessica L.; Eke, Ahizechukwu C.; Hueppchen, Nancy A. (29 April 2021). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (17): 1635–1645. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1513247. ISSN 1533-4406. PMC 10181876. PMID 33913640. S2CID 233447661.
Ataman, A. D.; Vatanoğlu-Lutz, E. E.; Yıldırım, G. (2013). "Medicine in stamps-Ignaz Semmelweis and Puerperal Fever". Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association. 14 (1): 35–39. doi:10.5152/jtgga.2013.08. PMC 3881728. PMID 24592068.
Jaju S, Al Kharusi L, Gowri V (2015). "Antenatal prevalence of fear associated with childbirth and depressed mood in primigravid women". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 57 (2): 158–61. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.158152. PMC 4462784. PMID 26124521.
Muglu, J; Rather, H; Arroyo-Manzano, D; Bhattacharya, S; Balchin, I; Khalil, A; Thilaganathan, B; Khan, KS; Zamora, J; Thangaratinam, S (July 2019). "Risks of stillbirth and neonatal death with advancing gestation at term: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of 15 million pregnancies". PLOS Medicine. 16 (7): e1002838. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002838. PMC 6605635. PMID 31265456.
van Handel M, Swaab H, de Vries LS, Jongmans MJ (July 2007). "Long-term cognitive and behavioral consequences of neonatal encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia: a review". European Journal of Pediatrics. 166 (7): 645–54. doi:10.1007/s00431-007-0437-8. PMC 1914268. PMID 17426984.
Murray, Christopher JL; Lopez, Alan D; Vos, Theo; et al. (GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
Hsia RY, Akosa Antwi Y, Weber E (January 2014). "Analysis of variation in charges and prices paid for vaginal and caesarean section births: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open. 4 (1): e004017. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004017. PMC 3902513. PMID 24435892.
National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (2007). Intrapartum Care: Care of Healthy Women and Their Babies During Childbirth. NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 55. London: RCOG. ISBN 9781904752363. PMID 21250397. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2019.^{[page needed]}

nichd.nih.gov

"Stillbirth: Overview". NICHD. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
"How do health care providers manage stillbirth?". NICHD. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
"Stillbirth: Other FAQs". NICHD. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.

nimh.nih.gov

"Postpartum Depression Facts". National Institute of Mental Health. Archived from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018.

consensus.nih.gov

NIH (2006). "State-of-the-Science Conference Statement. Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request" (PDF). Obstetrics & Gynecology. 107 (6): 1386–97. doi:10.1097/00006250-200606000-00027. PMID 16738168. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2008.

nmc-uk.org

"Our role". Nursing & Midwifery Council website. London, England. 31 August 2011 [Created 2010-02-24]. Archived from the original on 5 September 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.

nnuh.nhs.uk

Lancashire, Liz (9 July 2018). "Medicine Administration for Midwives". Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

npr.org

"Rate Of C-Sections Is Rising At An 'Alarming' Rate, Report Says". NPR. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
Propublica, Nina Martin; Montagne, Renee (12 May 2017). "U.S. Has The Worst Rate Of Maternal Deaths In The Developed World". NPR. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.

nytimes.com

Rosenthal E (30 June 2013). "American Way of Birth, Costliest in the World". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017.
Bennhold K, Louis CS (3 December 2014). "British Regulator Urges Home Births Over Hospitals for Uncomplicated Pregnancies - NYTimes.com". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017.

ourworldindata.org

"Number of births and deaths per year". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
"Share of births attended by skilled health staff". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.

oxforddictionaries.com

en.oxforddictionaries.com

"confinement – Definition of confinement in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries – English. Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.

parents.com

"What Are the Different Types of Contractions?". Parents. Retrieved 16 March 2024.

patientsafetycouncil.org

Main E, Oshiro B, Chagolla B, Bingham D, Dang-Kilduff L, Kowalewski L (July 2010). "Elimination of Non-medically Indicated (Elective) Deliveries Before 39 Weeks Gestational Age" (PDF). Patient Safety Council (1st ed.). March of Dimes. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2013.

rdcu.be

Kumar, Manoj; Paes, Bosco (July 2003). "Epidural Opioid Analgesia and Neonatal Respiratory Depression". Journal of Perinatology. 23 (5): 425–27. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7210905. ISSN 1476-5543. PMID 12847541.
Carlino, Elisa; Frisaldi, Elisa; Benedetti, Fabrizio (June 2014). "Pain and the Context". Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 10 (6): 348–355. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2014.17. PMID 24567065.

sciencedirect.com

McKinney, Jordan; Vilchez, Gustavo; Jowers, Alicia; Atchoo, Amanda; Lin, Lifeng; Kaunitz, Andrew; Lewis, Kendall; Sanchez-Ramos, Luis (March 2024). "Water birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 230 (3): S961–S979.e33. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.08.034. PMID 38462266. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
Marret, Stéphane; Vanhulle, Catherine; Laquerriere, Annie (1 January 2013), Dulac, Olivier; Lassonde, Maryse; Sarnat, Harvey B. (eds.), "Chapter 16 - Pathophysiology of cerebral palsy", Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Pediatric Neurology Part I, 111, Elsevier: 169–176, doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00016-6, ISBN 9780444528919, PMID 23622161, retrieved 28 July 2022

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Meyer D (2007). "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and their effects on relationship satisfaction". The Family Journal. 15 (4): 392–97. doi:10.1177/1066480707305470. S2CID 144945177.
Kupferminc M, Lessing JB, Yaron Y, Peyser MR (December 1993). "Nifedipine versus ritodrine for suppression of preterm labour". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 100 (12): 1090–94. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15171.x. PMID 8297841. S2CID 24521943.
Lyrenäs S, Clason I, Ulmsten U (February 2001). "In vivo controlled release of PGE2 from a vaginal insert (0.8 mm, 10 mg) during induction of labour". BJOG. 108 (2): 169–78. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00039.x. PMID 11236117. S2CID 45247771.
Hantoushzadeh S, Alhusseini N, Lebaschi AH (February 2007). "The effects of acupuncture during labour on nulliparous women: a randomised controlled trial". The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 47 (1): 26–30. doi:10.1111/j.1479-828X.2006.00674.x. PMID 17261096. S2CID 23495692.
World Health Organization Human Reproduction Programme, 10 April 2015 (January 2015). "WHO Statement on caesarean section rates". Reproductive Health Matters. 23 (45): 149–150. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2015.07.007. hdl:11343/249912. ISSN 0968-8080. PMID 26278843. S2CID 40829330.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
MacKenzie, I. Z.; Cooke, Inez B; Annan, B. (2003). "Indications for caesarean section in a consultant obstetric unit over three decades". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 23 (3): 233–238. doi:10.1080/0144361031000098316. PMID 12850849. S2CID 25452611. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
Kozhimannil, K. B.; Graves, A. J.; Ecklund, A. M.; Shah, N.; Aggarwal, R.; Snowden, J. M. (2018). "Cesarean Delivery Rates and Costs of Childbirth in a State Medicaid Program After Implementation of a Blended Payment Policy". Medical Care. 56 (8): 658–664. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000937. PMID 29912840. S2CID 49305610. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
Alehagen S, Wijma B, Lundberg U, Wijma K (September 2005). "Fear, pain and stress hormones during childbirth". Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 26 (3): 153–65. doi:10.1080/01443610400023072. PMID 16295513. S2CID 44646591.
Wei SQ, Luo ZC, Xu H, Fraser WD (September 2009). "The effect of early oxytocin augmentation in labor: a meta-analysis". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 114 (3): 641–49. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b11cb8. PMID 19701046. S2CID 29571476.
Glazener CM, Abdalla M, Stroud P, Naji S, Templeton A, Russell IT (April 1995). "Postnatal maternal morbidity: extent, causes, prevention and treatment". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 102 (4): 282–87. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09132.x. PMID 7612509. S2CID 38872754.
Say, Lale; Chou, Doris; Gemmill, Alison; Tunçalp, Özge; Moller, Ann-Beth; Daniels, Jane; Gülmezoglu, A. Metin; Temmerman, Marleen; Alkema, Leontine (1 June 2014). "Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis". The Lancet Global Health. 2 (6): e323–e333. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X. hdl:1854/LU-5796925. ISSN 2214-109X. PMID 25103301. S2CID 8706769.
Bienstock, Jessica L.; Eke, Ahizechukwu C.; Hueppchen, Nancy A. (29 April 2021). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (17): 1635–1645. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1513247. ISSN 1533-4406. PMC 10181876. PMID 33913640. S2CID 233447661.
Lapp LK, Agbokou C, Peretti CS, Ferreri F (September 2010). "Management of post traumatic stress disorder after childbirth: a review". Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 31 (3): 113–22. doi:10.3109/0167482X.2010.503330. PMID 20653342. S2CID 23594561.
Condon J (February 2010). "Women's mental health: a "wish-list" for the DSM V". Archives of Women's Mental Health. 13 (1): 5–10. doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0114-1. PMID 20127444. S2CID 1102994.
Alder J, Stadlmayr W, Tschudin S, Bitzer J (June 2006). "Post-traumatic symptoms after childbirth: what should we offer?". Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 27 (2): 107–12. doi:10.1080/01674820600714632. PMID 16808085. S2CID 21859634.
Jones I, Chandra PS, Dazzan P, Howard LM (November 2014). "Bipolar disorder, affective psychosis, and schizophrenia in pregnancy and the post-partum period". Lancet. 384 (9956): 1789–99. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61278-2. PMID 25455249. S2CID 44481055.
Tsatsaris, Vassilis; Cabrol, Dominique; Carbonne, Bruno (2004). "Pharmacokinetics of tocolytic agents". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 43 (13): 833–844. doi:10.2165/00003088-200443130-00001. ISSN 0312-5963. PMID 15509182. S2CID 43377674. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
"Practice Bulletin No. 146: Management of Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancies". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 124 (2 PART 1): 390–396. August 2014. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000452744.06088.48. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 25050770. S2CID 7149045. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Ohlsson A, Shah VS (June 2014). "Intrapartum antibiotics for known maternal Group B streptococcal colonization". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (6): CD007467. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007467.pub4. PMID 24915629. S2CID 205189572.
Dye NS (Autumn 1980). "History of Childbirth in America". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 6 (1). The University of Chicago Press: 97–108. doi:10.1086/493779. JSTOR 3173968. PMID 21213655. S2CID 144068193.
Hodnett ED (May 2002). "Pain and women's satisfaction with the experience of childbirth: a systematic review". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 186 (5 Suppl Nature): S160-72. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(02)70189-0. PMID 12011880. S2CID 33672391.

tandfonline.com

MacKenzie, I. Z.; Cooke, Inez B; Annan, B. (2003). "Indications for caesarean section in a consultant obstetric unit over three decades". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 23 (3): 233–238. doi:10.1080/0144361031000098316. PMID 12850849. S2CID 25452611. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.

theguardian.com

Campbell D (10 July 2013). "Hospitals warned to delay cutting umbilical cords after birth". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.

thelancet.com

"Ending preventable stillbirths An Executive Summary for The Lancet's Series" (PDF). The Lancet. January 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2020.

unfpa.org

"Maternal health". United Nations Population Fund. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
"Maternal health". United Nations Population Fund. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2017.

unicef.org

data.unicef.org

"Stillbirths and stillbirth rates". UNICEF DATA. Archived from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2022.

uptodate.com

Satin AJ (1 July 2013). "Latent phase of labor". UpToDate. Wolters Kluwer. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.(subscription required)

washingtonpost.com

"The U.S. rate of C-section births continues to climb". The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 November 2022.

web.archive.org

"confinement – Definition of confinement in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries – English. Archived from the original on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC (2014). Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-323-29537-6. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
Education material for teachers of midwifery: midwifery education modules (PDF) (2nd ed.). Geneva [Switzerland]: World Health Organisation. 2008. p. 3. ISBN 978-92-4-154666-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2015.
Martin E (2015). Concise Colour Medical l.p.Dictionary. Oxford University Press. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-19-968799-2. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
"The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. 11 July 2016. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
"Number of births and deaths per year". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
Co-Operation, Organisation for Economic; Development (2009). Doing better for children. Paris: OECD. p. 105. ISBN 978-92-64-05934-4. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
Fossard Ed, Bailey M (2016). Communication for Behavior Change: Volume lll: Using Entertainment–Education for Distance Education. Sage Publications India. ISBN 978-93-5150-758-1. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
"Birth". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (6 ed.). Columbia University Press. 2016. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016 – via Encyclopedia.com.
"Pregnancy Labor and Birth". Women's Health. 27 September 2010. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016. The first stage begins with the onset of labour and ends when the cervix is fully opened. It is the longest stage of labour, usually lasting about 12 to 19 hours
..
The second stage involves pushing and delivery of your baby. It usually lasts 20 minutes to two hours.
"Stages of Labor". www.bidmc.org. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
Phillips, Raylene. "Uninterrupted Skin-to-Skin Contact Immediately After Birth". Medscape. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
"Essential Antenatal, Perinatal and Postpartum Care" (PDF). Promoting Effective Perinatal Care. WHO. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
"Care of healthy women and their babies during childbirth". National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. December 2014. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
World Health Organization. "Newborns: reducing mortality". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
"Making Noise in Labor and Birth". Lamaze International. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
"Labor and delivery, postpartum care". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
"Water Breaking". Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
Bowen R (12 July 2010). "Oxytocin". Hypertexts for Biomedical Sciences. Archived from the original on 29 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Pillitteri A (2010). "Chapter 15: Nursing Care of a Family During Labor and Birth". Maternal & Child Health Nursing: Care of the Childbearing & Childrearing Family. Hagerstown, Maryland: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 350. ISBN 978-1-58255-999-5. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Goldberg AE (2 March 2018). "Cervical Ripening". Medscape. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
"Labor and delivery, postpartum care". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
Satin AJ (1 July 2013). "Latent phase of labor". UpToDate. Wolters Kluwer. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.(subscription required)
Mayo clinic staff. "Cervical effacement and dilation". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 4 December 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
"WHO recommendations Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience (Recommendation 5)" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Obstetric Data Definitions Issues and Rationale for Change Archived 6 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 2012 by ACOG.
"Birth (Parturition) | Boundless Anatomy and Physiology". courses.lumenlearning.com. Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
"WHO recommendations Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience (item #3.2.2.)" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Zhang J, Troendle JF, Yancey MK (October 2002). "Reassessing the labor curve in nulliparous women". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 187 (4): 824–28. doi:10.1067/mob.2002.127142. PMID 12388957. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.
"Abnormal Labour". Medscape. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
"WHO recommendations Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience (item #33)" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Ball H (June 2009). "Active management of the third state of labour is rare in some developing countries". International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 35 (2). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
Mathai M, Gülmezoglu AM, Hill S (2007). WHO recommendations for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (PDF) (Report). Geneva: World Health Organization, Department of Making Pregnancy Safer. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2009.
Campbell D (10 July 2013). "Hospitals warned to delay cutting umbilical cords after birth". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
WHO (2013). "WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
"Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception". www.acog.org. Archived from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
"Postpartum Assessment". ATI Nursing Education. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
Mayo clinic staff. "Postpartum care: What to expect after a vaginal delivery". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
"Rooming-in: An Essential Evolution in American Maternity Care". NICHO. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
Saloojee H (4 January 2008). "Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants". The WHO Reproductive Health Library. WHO. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
"Fathers and skin-to-skin contact". Kangaroo Mother Care. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
"Birth and Breastfeeding". La Leche League. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
Harrington, Rebecca. "American women giving birth leave the hospital as quickly as women in Haiti and Kenya". Insider. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
"Where to give birth: the options". NHS. December 2020. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
"Rates for total cesarean section, primary cesarean section, and vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), United States, 1989–2010" (PDF). Childbirth Connection website. Relentless Rise in Cesarian Rate. August 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
Main E, Oshiro B, Chagolla B, Bingham D, Dang-Kilduff L, Kowalewski L (July 2010). "Elimination of Non-medically Indicated (Elective) Deliveries Before 39 Weeks Gestational Age" (PDF). Patient Safety Council (1st ed.). March of Dimes. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
"Recent Declines in Induction of Labor by Gestational Age". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, Ventura SJ, Mathews TJ, Kirmeyer S, Osterman MJ (August 2010). "Births: final data for 2007" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. 58 (24): 1–85. PMID 21254725. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2013.
ACOG District II Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Committee (December 2011). "Oxytocin for Induction" (PDF). Optimizing Protocols in Obstetrics. Series 1. American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
"Rate Of C-Sections Is Rising At An 'Alarming' Rate, Report Says". NPR. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
MacKenzie, I. Z.; Cooke, Inez B; Annan, B. (2003). "Indications for caesarean section in a consultant obstetric unit over three decades". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 23 (3): 233–238. doi:10.1080/0144361031000098316. PMID 12850849. S2CID 25452611. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
Kozhimannil, K. B.; Graves, A. J.; Ecklund, A. M.; Shah, N.; Aggarwal, R.; Snowden, J. M. (2018). "Cesarean Delivery Rates and Costs of Childbirth in a State Medicaid Program After Implementation of a Blended Payment Policy". Medical Care. 56 (8): 658–664. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000937. PMID 29912840. S2CID 49305610. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
"Share of births attended by skilled health staff". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
Vernon D (6 February 2007). "Men At Birth – Should Your Bloke Be There?". BellyBelly.com.au. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
Singata M, Tranmer J, Gyte GM (August 2013). Singata M (ed.). "Restricting oral fluid and food intake during labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (8). Pregnancy and Childbirth Group: CD003930. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003930.pub3. PMC 4175539. PMID 23966209. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
"Forceps or vacuum delivery". NHS. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
Lancashire, Liz (9 July 2018). "Medicine Administration for Midwives". Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
"Recommendations for Augmentation of Labour" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
Hammond P, Johnson A (1986). "Tocodynamometer". In Brown M (ed.). The Medical Equipment Dictionary. London: Chapman & Hall. ISBN 978-0-412-28290-4. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2013. Online version accessed.
Alfirevic, Zarko; Gyte, Gillian ML; Cuthbert, Anna; Devane, Declan (2017). "Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2 (5): CD006066. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006066.pub3. PMC 6464257. PMID 28157275. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
"WHO recommendations Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience (Recommendation 17)" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
"Maternal health". United Nations Population Fund. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
Van Lerberghe W, De Brouwere V (2001). "Of Blind Alleys and Things That Have Worked: History's Lessons on Reducing Maternal Mortality". In De Brouwere V, Van Lerberghe W (eds.). Safe Motherhood Strategies: A Review of the Evidence. Studies in Health Services Organisation and Policy. Vol. 17. Antwerp: ITG Press. pp. 7–33. ISBN 978-90-76070-19-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2013. Where nothing effective is done to avert maternal death, "natural" mortality is probably of the order of magnitude of 1,500/100,000.
Propublica, Nina Martin; Montagne, Renee (12 May 2017). "U.S. Has The Worst Rate Of Maternal Deaths In The Developed World". NPR. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
Howard, Jacqueline (23 February 2022). "US sees continued rise in maternal deaths – and ongoing inequities, CDC report shows". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
"Sharp rise in deaths among pregnant women and new mothers". PBS Newshour. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
Levi J, Kohn D, Johnson K (June 2011). "Healthy Women, Healthy Babies: How health reform can improve the health of women and babies in America" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Trust for America's Health. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
Castillo, Michelle (7 May 2013). "U.S. has highest first-day infant mortality out of industrialized world, group reports". CBS News. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
Education material for teachers of midwifery: midwifery education modules (PDF) (2nd ed.). Geneva: World Health Organisation. 2008. pp. 38–44. ISBN 978-9241546669. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2015.
"Postpartum Depression Facts". National Institute of Mental Health. Archived from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
"Stillbirth: Overview". NICHD. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
"Stillbirths". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
"Ending preventable stillbirths An Executive Summary for The Lancet's Series" (PDF). The Lancet. January 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
"How do health care providers manage stillbirth?". NICHD. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
"Stillbirth: Other FAQs". NICHD. 23 September 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
"Stillbirths and stillbirth rates". UNICEF DATA. Archived from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
"Preterm birth Fact sheet N°363". WHO. November 2015. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
"Preterm Birth". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
Tsatsaris, Vassilis; Cabrol, Dominique; Carbonne, Bruno (2004). "Pharmacokinetics of tocolytic agents". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 43 (13): 833–844. doi:10.2165/00003088-200443130-00001. ISSN 0312-5963. PMID 15509182. S2CID 43377674. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Kendig, James W (March 2007). "Postmature Infant". The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
"Practice Bulletin No. 146: Management of Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancies". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 124 (2 PART 1): 390–396. August 2014. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000452744.06088.48. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 25050770. S2CID 7149045. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Neff, Matthew J. (1 December 2004). "ACOG Releases Guidelines on Management of Post-term Pregnancy". American Family Physician. 70 (11): 2221–2225. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Wang, Mary; Fontaine, Patricia (1 August 2014). "Common Questions About Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancy". American Family Physician. 90 (3): 160–165. PMID 25077721. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
"Mortality and Burden of Disease Estimates for WHO Member States in 2004" (xls). Department of Measurement and Health Information, World Health Organization. February 2009. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
"Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)". World Health Organization. May 2013. Archived from the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
"The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative". Johns Hopkins Medicine. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
"The CDC Guide to Breastfeeding Interventions" (PDF). CDC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
NIH (2006). "State-of-the-Science Conference Statement. Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request" (PDF). Obstetrics & Gynecology. 107 (6): 1386–97. doi:10.1097/00006250-200606000-00027. PMID 16738168. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2008.
"Maternal health". United Nations Population Fund. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
Rosenthal E (30 June 2013). "American Way of Birth, Costliest in the World". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017.
Rivelli, Elizabeth. "How Much Does It Cost To Have A Baby? 2023 Averages". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health (2007). Intrapartum Care: Care of Healthy Women and Their Babies During Childbirth. NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 55. London: RCOG. ISBN 9781904752363. PMID 21250397. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2019.^{[page needed]}
"Recommendations: Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies". National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 3 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
Bennhold K, Louis CS (3 December 2014). "British Regulator Urges Home Births Over Hospitals for Uncomplicated Pregnancies - NYTimes.com". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017.
Stearns PN, ed. (1993). Encyclopedia of Social History. Garland Reference Library of Social Sciences. Vol. V. 780. London: Taylor & Francis. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-8153-0342-8. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.
"About AMCB". Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
"Welcome to the College of Midwives of British Columbia". College of Midwives of British Columbia website. Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
Province of British Columbia (21 August 2013) [Revised Statues of British Columbia 1996]. "Health Professions Act". Statues and Regulations of British Columbia internet version. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Queens Printer. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
"Our role". Nursing & Midwifery Council website. London, England. 31 August 2011 [Created 2010-02-24]. Archived from the original on 5 September 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
"The Nursing and Midwifery Order 2001". London, England: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, The National Archives, Ministry of Justice, Her Majesty's Government. 2002. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013.
"Labor and delivery, postpartum care". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

who.int

World Health Organization. "Newborns: reducing mortality". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
WHO (2013). "WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
"Stillbirths". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
"Preterm birth Fact sheet N°363". WHO. November 2015. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
"Preterm Birth". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
"Mortality and Burden of Disease Estimates for WHO Member States in 2004" (xls). Department of Measurement and Health Information, World Health Organization. February 2009. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
"Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)". World Health Organization. May 2013. Archived from the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2013.

apps.who.int

"WHO recommendations Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience (Recommendation 5)" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
"WHO recommendations Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience (item #3.2.2.)" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
"WHO recommendations Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience (item #33)" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
Saloojee H (4 January 2008). "Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants". The WHO Reproductive Health Library. WHO. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
"Recommendations for Augmentation of Labour" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
"WHO recommendations Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience (Recommendation 17)" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

whqlibdoc.who.int

Education material for teachers of midwifery: midwifery education modules (PDF) (2nd ed.). Geneva [Switzerland]: World Health Organisation. 2008. p. 3. ISBN 978-92-4-154666-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2015.
Mathai M, Gülmezoglu AM, Hill S (2007). WHO recommendations for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (PDF) (Report). Geneva: World Health Organization, Department of Making Pregnancy Safer. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2009.
Education material for teachers of midwifery: midwifery education modules (PDF) (2nd ed.). Geneva: World Health Organisation. 2008. pp. 38–44. ISBN 978-9241546669. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2015.

euro.who.int

"Essential Antenatal, Perinatal and Postpartum Care" (PDF). Promoting Effective Perinatal Care. WHO. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2014.

womenshealth.gov

"Pregnancy Labor and Birth". Women's Health. 27 September 2010. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016. The first stage begins with the onset of labour and ends when the cervix is fully opened. It is the longest stage of labour, usually lasting about 12 to 19 hours
..
The second stage involves pushing and delivery of your baby. It usually lasts 20 minutes to two hours.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Olsen, Ole; Clausen, Jette A. (8 March 2023). "Planned hospital birth compared with planned home birth for pregnant women at low risk of complications". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (3): CD000352. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000352.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 9994459. PMID 36884026.
Tingåker, Berith K; Irestedt, Lars (June 2010). "Changes in uterine innervation in pregnancy and during labour". Current Opinion in Anesthesiology. 23 (3): 300–303. doi:10.1097/ACO.0b013e328337c881. ISSN 0952-7907.
Whitaker, Amy K.; Chen, Beatrice A. (5 October 2017). "Society of Family Planning Guidelines: Postplacental insertion of intrauterine devices". Contraception. 97 (1) (published January 2018): 2–13. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2017.09.014. ISSN 0010-7824. PMID 28987293.
Trojano, Giuseppe; Damiani, Gianluca Raffaello; Olivieri, Claudiana; Villa, Mario; Malvasi, Antonio; Alfonso, Raffaello; Loverro, Matteo; Cicinelli, Ettore (6 September 2019). "VBAC: antenatal predictors of success". Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis. 90 (3): 300–309. doi:10.23750/abm.v90i3.7623. ISSN 2531-6745. PMC 7233729. PMID 31580319.
World Health Organization Human Reproduction Programme, 10 April 2015 (January 2015). "WHO Statement on caesarean section rates". Reproductive Health Matters. 23 (45): 149–150. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2015.07.007. hdl:11343/249912. ISSN 0968-8080. PMID 26278843. S2CID 40829330.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Haas, David M.; Morgan, Sarah; Contreras, Karenrose; Kimball, Savannah (26 April 2020). "Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution before cesarean section for preventing postoperative infections". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (4): CD007892. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007892.pub7. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 7195184. PMID 32335895.
Kumar, Manoj; Paes, Bosco (July 2003). "Epidural Opioid Analgesia and Neonatal Respiratory Depression". Journal of Perinatology. 23 (5): 425–27. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7210905. ISSN 1476-5543. PMID 12847541.
Say, Lale; Chou, Doris; Gemmill, Alison; Tunçalp, Özge; Moller, Ann-Beth; Daniels, Jane; Gülmezoglu, A. Metin; Temmerman, Marleen; Alkema, Leontine (1 June 2014). "Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis". The Lancet Global Health. 2 (6): e323–e333. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X. hdl:1854/LU-5796925. ISSN 2214-109X. PMID 25103301. S2CID 8706769.
Bienstock, Jessica L.; Eke, Ahizechukwu C.; Hueppchen, Nancy A. (29 April 2021). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (17): 1635–1645. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1513247. ISSN 1533-4406. PMC 10181876. PMID 33913640. S2CID 233447661.
Draper, Elizabeth S.; Manktelow, Bradley N.; Smith, Lucy; Rubayet, Sayed; Hirst, Jane; Neuman, Melissa; King, Carina; Osrin, David; Prost, Audrey (6 February 2016). "Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030". The Lancet. 387 (10018): 587–603. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00837-5. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 26794078.
Tsatsaris, Vassilis; Cabrol, Dominique; Carbonne, Bruno (2004). "Pharmacokinetics of tocolytic agents". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 43 (13): 833–844. doi:10.2165/00003088-200443130-00001. ISSN 0312-5963. PMID 15509182. S2CID 43377674. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
"Practice Bulletin No. 146: Management of Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancies". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 124 (2 PART 1): 390–396. August 2014. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000452744.06088.48. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 25050770. S2CID 7149045. Archived from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
Tait HN, Cidro J (2018). Indigenous experiences of pregnancy and birth. Demeter Press. ISBN 978-1772581355. OCLC 1012401274.
Burton N (2015). Natal signs: cultural representations of pregnancy, birth and parenting. Demeter Press. ISBN 978-1926452326. OCLC 949328683.
Barbara R (2011). Developing destinies: a Mayan midwife and town. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-531990-3. OCLC 779676136.^{[page needed]}
Inge B (2006). Growing up in a culture of respect child rearing in highland Peru. University of Texas Press. OCLC 748863692.^{[page needed]}