"chimpanzee". American Heritage Dictionary (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 2011. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
allaboutwildlife.com
Guernsey, P. (4 July 2009). "What do chimps eat?". All About Wildlife. Archived from the original on 18 November 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
Mulchay, J. B. (8 March 2013). "How long do chimpanzees live?". Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
Lewis, J. C. M. (1993). "Medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)". Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia. 20: 18–20. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.1993.tb00103.x.
Post, Peter W.; Szabó, George; Keeling, M. E. (1975). "A quantitative and morphological study of the pigmentary system of the chimpanzee with the light and electron microscope". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 43 (3): 435–443. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430325. ISSN0002-9483. PMID1211438.
Hun, K. D. (1991). "Mechanical implications of chimpanzee positional behavior". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 86 (4): 521–536. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330860408. PMID1776659.
Poulsen, J. R.; Clark, C. J. (2004). "Densities, distributions, and seasonal movements of gorillas and chimpanzees in swamp forest in northern Congo". International Journal of Primatology. 25 (2): 285–306. doi:10.1023/B:IJOP.0000019153.50161.58. S2CID27022771.
Sugiyama, Y.; Koman, J. (1987). "A preliminary list of chimpanzees' alimentation at Bossou, Guinea". Primates. 28 (1): 133–47. doi:10.1007/BF02382192. S2CID6641715.
Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1992). "Insect-eating by sympatric lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan t. troglodytes) in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon". American Journal of Primatology. 28 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350280103. PMID31941221. S2CID85569302.
Deblauwe, I. (2007). "New insights in insect prey choice by chimpanzees and gorillas in Southeast Cameroon: the role of nutritional value". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 135 (1): 42–55. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20703. PMID17902166.
Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1993). "Composition of the diet of chimpanzees and comparisons with that of sympatric lowland gorillas in the Lopé reserve, Gabon". American Journal of Primatology. 30 (3): 195–211. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350300305. PMID31937009. S2CID84681736.
Stanford, C. B.; Nkurunungi, J. B. (2003). "Behavioral ecology of sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: Diet". International Journal of Primatology. 24 (4): 901–918. doi:10.1023/A:1024689008159. S2CID22587913.
Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M.; et al. (1986). "Aggression toward large carnivores by wild chimpanzees of Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania". Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology. 47 (1): 8–13. doi:10.1159/000156259. PMID3557232.
Tsukahara, T. (1992). "Lions eat chimpanzees: the first evidence of predation by lions on wild chimpanzees". American Journal of Primatology. 29 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350290102. PMID31941199. S2CID84565926.
Pepper, J. W.; Mitani, J. C.; Watts, D. P. (1999). "General gregariousness and specific social preferences among wild chimpanzees". International Journal of Primatology. 20 (5): 613–32. CiteSeerX10.1.1.1000.4734. doi:10.1023/A:1020760616641. S2CID25222840.
Pusey, A.; Williams, J.; Goodall, J. (August 1997). "The influence of dominance rank on the reproductive success of female chimpanzees". Science. 277 (5327): 828–831. doi:10.1126/science.277.5327.828. PMID9242614.
Newton-Fisher, N. E. (2006). "Female coalitions against male aggression in wild chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest". International Journal of Primatology. 27 (6): 1589–1599. doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9087-3. ISSN1573-8604. S2CID22066848.
Power, M. (December 1993). "Divergence population genetics of chimpanzees". American Anthropologist. 95 (4): 1010–11. doi:10.1525/aa.1993.95.4.02a00180.
Gagneux, P.; Boesch, C.; Woodruff, D. S. (1999). "Female reproductive strategies, paternity and community structure in wild West African chimpanzees". Animal Behaviour. 57 (1): 19–32. doi:10.1006/anbe.1998.0972. PMID10053068. S2CID25981874.
Watts, D. P.; Mitani, J. C. (2000). "Infanticide and cannibalism by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda". Primates. 41 (4): 357–365. doi:10.1007/BF02557646. PMID30545199. S2CID22595511.
Goodall, J. (1977). "Infant killing and cannibalism in free-living chimpanzees". Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology. 28 (4): 259–89. doi:10.1159/000155817. PMID564321.
Goetschi, F.; McClung, J.; Baumeyer, A.; Zuberbuhler, K. (1 February 2020). "Chimpanzee immigration: complex social strategies differ between zoo-based and wild animals". Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research. 8 (1). doi:10.19227/jzar.v8i1.326. hdl:10023/19397. ISSN2214-7594.
Povinelli, D.; de Veer, M.; Gallup Jr., G.; Theall, L.; van den Bos, R. (2003). "An 8-year longitudinal study of mirror self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)". Neuropsychologia. 41 (2): 229–334. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00153-7. PMID12459221. S2CID9400080.
Calhoun, S. & Thompson, R. L. (1988). "Long-term retention of self-recognition by chimpanzees". American Journal of Primatology. 15 (4): 361–365. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350150409. PMID31968884. S2CID84381806.
Povinelli, D. J.; Eddy, T. J. (1996). "What young chimpanzees know about seeing". Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 61 (3): 1–189. doi:10.2307/1166159. JSTOR1166159.
Humle, T.; Matsuzawa, T. (2001). "Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa". Folia Primatologica. 72 (2): 57–68. doi:10.1159/000049924. ISSN0015-5713. PMID11490130. S2CID19827175.
Boesch, C.; Kalan, A. K.; Agbor, A.; Arandjelovic, M.; Dieguez, P.; Lapeyre, V.; Kühl, H. S. (2016). "Chimpanzees routinely fish for algae with tools during the dry season in Bakoun, Guinea". American Journal of Primatology. 79 (3): e22613. doi:10.1002/ajp.22613. ISSN0275-2565. PMID27813136. S2CID24832972.
Stanford, C. B.; et al. (July 2000). "Chimpanzees in Bwindi-Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, use different tools to obtain different types of honey". Primates; Journal of Primatology. 41 (3): 337–341. doi:10.1007/BF02557602. PMID30545184. S2CID23000084.
Huffman, M. A.; Kalunde, M. S. (January 1993). "Tool-assisted predation on a squirrel by a female chimpanzee in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania". Primates. 34 (1): 93–98. doi:10.1007/BF02381285. S2CID28006860.
According to A. S. Vanesyan's "Anthropology" (2015), a study by "Vorden" (probably 'Worden' or 'Warden') reported that a 54 kg (119 lb) male chimpanzee squeezed 330 kg (730 lb) on a dynamometer, while an angry female squeezed 504 kg (1,111 lb) with both hands. Of the hundreds of human students who also participated in the experiment, only one could squeeze more than 200 kg (440 lb) with both hands.[51] The source is said to be "Jan Dembowskiy, The Psychology of Monkeys."[52] This study is listed in: Dembowski, J. (1946). "Psychology of Monkeys". The Chimpanzee: A Topical Bibliography(PDF) (2nd ed.). Warsaw: Ksrazka. p. 359. Archived from the original(PDF) on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
Goetschi, F.; McClung, J.; Baumeyer, A.; Zuberbuhler, K. (1 February 2020). "Chimpanzee immigration: complex social strategies differ between zoo-based and wild animals". Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research. 8 (1). doi:10.19227/jzar.v8i1.326. hdl:10023/19397. ISSN2214-7594.
Povinelli, D. J.; Eddy, T. J. (1996). "What young chimpanzees know about seeing". Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 61 (3): 1–189. doi:10.2307/1166159. JSTOR1166159.
Swenson, L.S.Jr.; Grimwood, J.M.; Alexander, C.C. (1989). Woods, D.; Gamble, C. (eds.). This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury. NASA History Series (Special Publication-4201). NASA. Archived from the original on 23 August 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
Post, Peter W.; Szabó, George; Keeling, M. E. (1975). "A quantitative and morphological study of the pigmentary system of the chimpanzee with the light and electron microscope". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 43 (3): 435–443. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430325. ISSN0002-9483. PMID1211438.
Hun, K. D. (1991). "Mechanical implications of chimpanzee positional behavior". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 86 (4): 521–536. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330860408. PMID1776659.
Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1992). "Insect-eating by sympatric lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan t. troglodytes) in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon". American Journal of Primatology. 28 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350280103. PMID31941221. S2CID85569302.
Deblauwe, I. (2007). "New insights in insect prey choice by chimpanzees and gorillas in Southeast Cameroon: the role of nutritional value". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 135 (1): 42–55. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20703. PMID17902166.
Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1993). "Composition of the diet of chimpanzees and comparisons with that of sympatric lowland gorillas in the Lopé reserve, Gabon". American Journal of Primatology. 30 (3): 195–211. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350300305. PMID31937009. S2CID84681736.
Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M.; et al. (1986). "Aggression toward large carnivores by wild chimpanzees of Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania". Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology. 47 (1): 8–13. doi:10.1159/000156259. PMID3557232.
Tsukahara, T. (1992). "Lions eat chimpanzees: the first evidence of predation by lions on wild chimpanzees". American Journal of Primatology. 29 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350290102. PMID31941199. S2CID84565926.
Pusey, A.; Williams, J.; Goodall, J. (August 1997). "The influence of dominance rank on the reproductive success of female chimpanzees". Science. 277 (5327): 828–831. doi:10.1126/science.277.5327.828. PMID9242614.
Gagneux, P.; Boesch, C.; Woodruff, D. S. (1999). "Female reproductive strategies, paternity and community structure in wild West African chimpanzees". Animal Behaviour. 57 (1): 19–32. doi:10.1006/anbe.1998.0972. PMID10053068. S2CID25981874.
Watts, D. P.; Mitani, J. C. (2000). "Infanticide and cannibalism by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda". Primates. 41 (4): 357–365. doi:10.1007/BF02557646. PMID30545199. S2CID22595511.
Goodall, J. (1977). "Infant killing and cannibalism in free-living chimpanzees". Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology. 28 (4): 259–89. doi:10.1159/000155817. PMID564321.
Povinelli, D.; de Veer, M.; Gallup Jr., G.; Theall, L.; van den Bos, R. (2003). "An 8-year longitudinal study of mirror self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)". Neuropsychologia. 41 (2): 229–334. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00153-7. PMID12459221. S2CID9400080.
Calhoun, S. & Thompson, R. L. (1988). "Long-term retention of self-recognition by chimpanzees". American Journal of Primatology. 15 (4): 361–365. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350150409. PMID31968884. S2CID84381806.
Humle, T.; Matsuzawa, T. (2001). "Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa". Folia Primatologica. 72 (2): 57–68. doi:10.1159/000049924. ISSN0015-5713. PMID11490130. S2CID19827175.
Boesch, C.; Kalan, A. K.; Agbor, A.; Arandjelovic, M.; Dieguez, P.; Lapeyre, V.; Kühl, H. S. (2016). "Chimpanzees routinely fish for algae with tools during the dry season in Bakoun, Guinea". American Journal of Primatology. 79 (3): e22613. doi:10.1002/ajp.22613. ISSN0275-2565. PMID27813136. S2CID24832972.
Stanford, C. B.; et al. (July 2000). "Chimpanzees in Bwindi-Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, use different tools to obtain different types of honey". Primates; Journal of Primatology. 41 (3): 337–341. doi:10.1007/BF02557602. PMID30545184. S2CID23000084.
Pepper, J. W.; Mitani, J. C.; Watts, D. P. (1999). "General gregariousness and specific social preferences among wild chimpanzees". International Journal of Primatology. 20 (5): 613–32. CiteSeerX10.1.1.1000.4734. doi:10.1023/A:1020760616641. S2CID25222840.
Poulsen, J. R.; Clark, C. J. (2004). "Densities, distributions, and seasonal movements of gorillas and chimpanzees in swamp forest in northern Congo". International Journal of Primatology. 25 (2): 285–306. doi:10.1023/B:IJOP.0000019153.50161.58. S2CID27022771.
Sugiyama, Y.; Koman, J. (1987). "A preliminary list of chimpanzees' alimentation at Bossou, Guinea". Primates. 28 (1): 133–47. doi:10.1007/BF02382192. S2CID6641715.
Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1992). "Insect-eating by sympatric lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) and chimpanzees (Pan t. troglodytes) in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon". American Journal of Primatology. 28 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350280103. PMID31941221. S2CID85569302.
Tutin, C. E. G.; Fernandez, M. (1993). "Composition of the diet of chimpanzees and comparisons with that of sympatric lowland gorillas in the Lopé reserve, Gabon". American Journal of Primatology. 30 (3): 195–211. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350300305. PMID31937009. S2CID84681736.
Stanford, C. B.; Nkurunungi, J. B. (2003). "Behavioral ecology of sympatric chimpanzees and gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: Diet". International Journal of Primatology. 24 (4): 901–918. doi:10.1023/A:1024689008159. S2CID22587913.
Tsukahara, T. (1992). "Lions eat chimpanzees: the first evidence of predation by lions on wild chimpanzees". American Journal of Primatology. 29 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350290102. PMID31941199. S2CID84565926.
Pepper, J. W.; Mitani, J. C.; Watts, D. P. (1999). "General gregariousness and specific social preferences among wild chimpanzees". International Journal of Primatology. 20 (5): 613–32. CiteSeerX10.1.1.1000.4734. doi:10.1023/A:1020760616641. S2CID25222840.
Newton-Fisher, N. E. (2006). "Female coalitions against male aggression in wild chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest". International Journal of Primatology. 27 (6): 1589–1599. doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9087-3. ISSN1573-8604. S2CID22066848.
Gagneux, P.; Boesch, C.; Woodruff, D. S. (1999). "Female reproductive strategies, paternity and community structure in wild West African chimpanzees". Animal Behaviour. 57 (1): 19–32. doi:10.1006/anbe.1998.0972. PMID10053068. S2CID25981874.
Watts, D. P.; Mitani, J. C. (2000). "Infanticide and cannibalism by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda". Primates. 41 (4): 357–365. doi:10.1007/BF02557646. PMID30545199. S2CID22595511.
Povinelli, D.; de Veer, M.; Gallup Jr., G.; Theall, L.; van den Bos, R. (2003). "An 8-year longitudinal study of mirror self-recognition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)". Neuropsychologia. 41 (2): 229–334. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00153-7. PMID12459221. S2CID9400080.
Calhoun, S. & Thompson, R. L. (1988). "Long-term retention of self-recognition by chimpanzees". American Journal of Primatology. 15 (4): 361–365. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350150409. PMID31968884. S2CID84381806.
Humle, T.; Matsuzawa, T. (2001). "Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa". Folia Primatologica. 72 (2): 57–68. doi:10.1159/000049924. ISSN0015-5713. PMID11490130. S2CID19827175.
Boesch, C.; Kalan, A. K.; Agbor, A.; Arandjelovic, M.; Dieguez, P.; Lapeyre, V.; Kühl, H. S. (2016). "Chimpanzees routinely fish for algae with tools during the dry season in Bakoun, Guinea". American Journal of Primatology. 79 (3): e22613. doi:10.1002/ajp.22613. ISSN0275-2565. PMID27813136. S2CID24832972.
Stanford, C. B.; et al. (July 2000). "Chimpanzees in Bwindi-Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, use different tools to obtain different types of honey". Primates; Journal of Primatology. 41 (3): 337–341. doi:10.1007/BF02557602. PMID30545184. S2CID23000084.
Huffman, M. A.; Kalunde, M. S. (January 1993). "Tool-assisted predation on a squirrel by a female chimpanzee in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania". Primates. 34 (1): 93–98. doi:10.1007/BF02381285. S2CID28006860.
According to A. S. Vanesyan's "Anthropology" (2015), a study by "Vorden" (probably 'Worden' or 'Warden') reported that a 54 kg (119 lb) male chimpanzee squeezed 330 kg (730 lb) on a dynamometer, while an angry female squeezed 504 kg (1,111 lb) with both hands. Of the hundreds of human students who also participated in the experiment, only one could squeeze more than 200 kg (440 lb) with both hands.[51] The source is said to be "Jan Dembowskiy, The Psychology of Monkeys."[52] This study is listed in: Dembowski, J. (1946). "Psychology of Monkeys". The Chimpanzee: A Topical Bibliography(PDF) (2nd ed.). Warsaw: Ksrazka. p. 359. Archived from the original(PDF) on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
"chimpanzee". Dictionary.reference.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
"chimpanzee". American Heritage Dictionary (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 2011. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
"chimpanzee". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
"Chimps on the hunt". BBC Wildlife Finder. 24 October 1990. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 22 September 2009.
Mulchay, J. B. (8 March 2013). "How long do chimpanzees live?". Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
Swenson, L.S.Jr.; Grimwood, J.M.; Alexander, C.C. (1989). Woods, D.; Gamble, C. (eds.). This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury. NASA History Series (Special Publication-4201). NASA. Archived from the original on 23 August 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
Post, Peter W.; Szabó, George; Keeling, M. E. (1975). "A quantitative and morphological study of the pigmentary system of the chimpanzee with the light and electron microscope". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 43 (3): 435–443. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330430325. ISSN0002-9483. PMID1211438.
Newton-Fisher, N. E. (2006). "Female coalitions against male aggression in wild chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest". International Journal of Primatology. 27 (6): 1589–1599. doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9087-3. ISSN1573-8604. S2CID22066848.
Bard, K. A. (2019) [1995]. "Parenting in nonhuman primates". In Bornstein, M. H. (ed.). Handbook of Parenting. Vol. 2. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN978-0-429-68588-0. OCLC1089683467.
Goetschi, F.; McClung, J.; Baumeyer, A.; Zuberbuhler, K. (1 February 2020). "Chimpanzee immigration: complex social strategies differ between zoo-based and wild animals". Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research. 8 (1). doi:10.19227/jzar.v8i1.326. hdl:10023/19397. ISSN2214-7594.
Humle, T.; Matsuzawa, T. (2001). "Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa". Folia Primatologica. 72 (2): 57–68. doi:10.1159/000049924. ISSN0015-5713. PMID11490130. S2CID19827175.
Boesch, C.; Kalan, A. K.; Agbor, A.; Arandjelovic, M.; Dieguez, P.; Lapeyre, V.; Kühl, H. S. (2016). "Chimpanzees routinely fish for algae with tools during the dry season in Bakoun, Guinea". American Journal of Primatology. 79 (3): e22613. doi:10.1002/ajp.22613. ISSN0275-2565. PMID27813136. S2CID24832972.