References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Cholangiocarcinoma" in the English version

cancer.gov (Global: 1,684^th place; English: 1,350^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Razumilava N, Gores GJ (June 2014). "Cholangiocarcinoma". Lancet. 383 (9935): 2168–79. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61903-0. PMC 4069226. PMID 24581682.

Bridgewater JA, Goodman KA, Kalyan A, Mulcahy MF (2016). "Biliary Tract Cancer: Epidemiology, Radiotherapy, and Molecular Profiling". American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting. 35 (36): e194-203. doi:10.1200/EDBK_160831. PMID 27249723.

Benavides M, Antón A, Gallego J, Gómez MA, Jiménez-Gordo A, La Casta A, et al. (December 2015). "Biliary tract cancers: SEOM clinical guidelines". Clinical & Translational Oncology. 17 (12): 982–7. doi:10.1007/s12094-015-1436-2. PMC 4689747. PMID 26607930.

Steele JA, Richter CH, Echaubard P, Saenna P, Stout V, Sithithaworn P, et al. (May 2018). "Thinking beyond Opisthorchis viverrini for risk of cholangiocarcinoma in the lower Mekong region: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Infectious Diseases of Poverty. 7 (1): 44. doi:10.1186/s40249-018-0434-3. PMC 5956617. PMID 29769113.

Zhang, Tan; Zhang, Sina; Jin, Chen; et al. (2021). "A Predictive Model Based on the Gut Microbiota Improves the Diagnostic Effect in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 11 751795. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.751795. PMC 8650695. PMID 34888258.

Nagorney DM, Donohue JH, Farnell MB, Schleck CD, Ilstrup DM (August 1993). "Outcomes after curative resections of cholangiocarcinoma". Archives of Surgery. 128 (8): 871–7, discussion 877–9. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1993.01420200045008. PMID 8393652.

Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, Coleman J, Abrams RA, Piantadosi S, et al. (October 1996). "Cholangiocarcinoma. A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors". Annals of Surgery. 224 (4): 463–73, discussion 473–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199610000-00005. PMC 1235406. PMID 8857851.

Chapman RW (1999). "Risk factors for biliary tract carcinogenesis". Annals of Oncology. 10 (Suppl 4): 308–11. doi:10.1023/A:1008313809752. PMID 10436847.

Epidemiologic studies which have addressed the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in people with primary sclerosing cholangitis include the following:

Bergquist A, Ekbom A, Olsson R, Kornfeldt D, Lööf L, Danielsson A, et al. (March 2002). "Hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis". Journal of Hepatology. 36 (3): 321–7. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00288-4. PMID 11867174.
Rosen CB, Nagorney DM, Wiesner RH, Coffey RJ, LaRusso NF (January 1991). "Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis". Annals of Surgery. 213 (1): 21–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199101000-00004. PMC 1358305. PMID 1845927.
Labib, Peter L.; Goodchild, George; Pereira, Stephen P. (2019). "Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma". BMC Cancer. 19 (1): 185. doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5391-0. PMC 6394015. PMID 30819129.
Wu N, Bayatpour S, Hylemon PB, Aseem SO, Brindley PJ, Zhou H (March 2025). "Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Interactions: Mechanistic Implications for Cholangiocarcinoma Development, Immune Resistance, and Therapy". Am J Pathol. 195 (3): 397–408. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.11.004. PMID 39730075.
Watanapa P, Watanapa WB (August 2002). "Liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma". British Journal of Surgery. 89 (8): 962–70. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.02143.x. PMID 12153620. S2CID 5606131.
Sripa B, Kaewkes S, Sithithaworn P, Mairiang E, Laha T, Smout M, et al. (July 2007). "Liver fluke induces cholangiocarcinoma". PLOS Medicine. 4 (7) e201. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040201. PMC 1913093. PMID 17622191.
Sripa B, Kaewkes S, Intapan PM, Maleewong W, Brindley PJ (2010). Food-borne trematodiases in Southeast Asia epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestation and control. Advances in Parasitology. Vol. 72. pp. 305–50. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(10)72011-X. ISBN 978-0-12-381513-2. PMID 20624536.
Rustagi T, Dasanu CA (June 2012). "Risk factors for gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma: similarities, differences and updates". Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer. 43 (2): 137–47. doi:10.1007/s12029-011-9284-y. PMID 21597894. S2CID 31590872.
Hong ST, Fang Y (March 2012). "Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis, an update". Parasitology International. 61 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.007. PMID 21741496.
Sripa B, Tangkawattana S, Sangnikul T (August 2017). "The Lawa model: A sustainable, integrated opisthorchiasis control program using the EcoHealth approach in the Lawa Lake region of Thailand". Parasitology International. 66 (4): 346–354. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.013. PMC 5443708. PMID 27890720.
Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Suzuki F, Tsubota A, Suzuki Y, et al. (June 2000). "Incidence of primary cholangiocellular carcinoma of the liver in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis". Cancer. 88 (11): 2471–7. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20000601)88:11<2471::AID-CNCR7>3.0.CO;2-T. PMID 10861422. S2CID 22206944.
Yamamoto S, Kubo S, Hai S, Uenishi T, Yamamoto T, Shuto T, et al. (July 2004). "Hepatitis C virus infection as a likely etiology of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma". Cancer Science. 95 (7): 592–5. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb02492.x. PMC 11158843. PMID 15245596.
Shaib YH, El-Serag HB, Davila JA, Morgan R, McGlynn KA (March 2005). "Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a case-control study". Gastroenterology. 128 (3): 620–6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.12.048. PMID 15765398.
Sorensen HT, Friis S, Olsen JH, Thulstrup AM, Mellemkjaer L, Linet M, et al. (October 1998). "Risk of liver and other types of cancer in patients with cirrhosis: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark". Hepatology. 28 (4): 921–5. doi:10.1002/hep.510280404. PMID 9755226. S2CID 72842845.
Chang AH, Parsonnet J (October 2010). "Role of bacteria in oncogenesis". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 23 (4): 837–57. doi:10.1128/CMR.00012-10. PMC 2952975. PMID 20930075.
Lipsett PA, Pitt HA, Colombani PM, Boitnott JK, Cameron JL (November 1994). "Choledochal cyst disease. A changing pattern of presentation". Annals of Surgery. 220 (5): 644–52. doi:10.1097/00000658-199411000-00007. PMC 1234452. PMID 7979612.
Dayton MT, Longmire WP, Tompkins RK (January 1983). "Caroli's Disease: a premalignant condition?". American Journal of Surgery. 145 (1): 41–8. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(83)90164-2. PMID 6295196.
Mecklin JP, Järvinen HJ, Virolainen M (March 1992). "The association between cholangiocarcinoma and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma". Cancer. 69 (5): 1112–4. doi:10.1002/cncr.2820690508. PMID 1310886. S2CID 23468163.
Lee SS, Kim MH, Lee SK, Jang SJ, Song MH, Kim KP, et al. (February 2004). "Clinicopathologic review of 58 patients with biliary papillomatosis". Cancer. 100 (4): 783–93. doi:10.1002/cncr.20031. PMID 14770435.
Lee CC, Wu CY, Chen GH (September 2002). "What is the impact of coexistence of hepatolithiasis on cholangiocarcinoma?". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 17 (9): 1015–20. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02779.x. PMID 12167124. S2CID 25753564.
Su CH, Shyr YM, Lui WY, P'Eng FK (July 1997). "Hepatolithiasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma". British Journal of Surgery. 84 (7): 969–73. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800840717. PMID 9240138. S2CID 29475282.
Donato F, Gelatti U, Tagger A, Favret M, Ribero ML, Callea F, et al. (December 2001). "Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatitis C and B virus infection, alcohol intake, and hepatolithiasis: a case-control study in Italy". Cancer Causes & Control. 12 (10): 959–64. doi:10.1023/A:1013747228572. PMID 11808716. S2CID 12117363.
Sahani D, Prasad SR, Tannabe KK, Hahn PF, Mueller PR, Saini S (2003). "Thorotrast-induced cholangiocarcinoma: case report". Abdominal Imaging. 28 (1): 72–4. doi:10.1007/s00261-001-0148-y. PMID 12483389. S2CID 23531547.
Zhu AX, Lauwers GY, Tanabe KK (2004). "Cholangiocarcinoma in association with Thorotrast exposure". Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery. 11 (6): 430–3. doi:10.1007/s00534-004-0924-5. PMID 15619021.
Lipshutz GS, Brennan TV, Warren RS (November 2002). "Thorotrast-induced liver neoplasia: a collective review". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 195 (5): 713–8. doi:10.1016/S1072-7515(02)01287-5. PMID 12437262.
Klatskin G (February 1965). "Adenocarcinoma of the Hepatic Duct at Its Bifurcation Within The Porta Hepatis. An Unusual Tumor With Distinctive Clinical And Pathological Features". American Journal of Medicine. 38 (2): 241–56. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(65)90178-6. PMID 14256720.
Roskams T (June 2006). "Liver stem cells and their implication in hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma". Oncogene. 25 (27): 3818–22. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209558. PMID 16799623.
Liu C, Wang J, Ou QJ (November 2004). "Possible stem cell origin of human cholangiocarcinoma". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 10 (22): 3374–6. doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i22.3374. PMC 4572317. PMID 15484322.
Sirica AE (January 2005). "Cholangiocarcinoma: molecular targeting strategies for chemoprevention and therapy". Hepatology. 41 (1): 5–15. doi:10.1002/hep.20537. PMID 15690474. S2CID 10903371.
Holzinger F, Z'graggen K, Büchler MW (1999). "Mechanisms of biliary carcinogenesis: a pathogenetic multi-stage cascade towards cholangiocarcinoma". Annals of Oncology. 10 (Suppl 4): 122–6. doi:10.1023/A:1008321710719. PMID 10436802.
Gores GJ (May 2003). "Cholangiocarcinoma: current concepts and insights". Hepatology. 37 (5): 961–9. doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50200. PMID 12717374. S2CID 5441766.
de Groen PC, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF, Gunderson LL, Nagorney DM (October 1999). "Biliary tract cancers". New England Journal of Medicine. 341 (18): 1368–78. doi:10.1056/NEJM199910283411807. PMID 10536130.
Henson DE, Albores-Saavedra J, Corle D (September 1992). "Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Histologic types, stage of disease, grade, and survival rates". Cancer. 70 (6): 1498–501. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19920915)70:6<1498::AID-CNCR2820700609>3.0.CO;2-C. PMID 1516001. S2CID 10348568.
Studies of the performance of serum markers for cholangiocarcinoma (such as carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9) in patients with and without primary sclerosing cholangitis include the following:
- Nehls O, Gregor M, Klump B (May 2004). "Serum and bile markers for cholangiocarcinoma". Seminars in Liver Disease. 24 (2): 139–54. doi:10.1055/s-2004-828891. PMID 15192787. S2CID 260316851.
- Saini S (June 1997). "Imaging of the hepatobiliary tract". New England Journal of Medicine. 336 (26): 1889–94. doi:10.1056/NEJM199706263362607. PMID 9197218.
- Bloom CM, Langer B, Wilson SR (1999). "Role of US in the detection, characterization, and staging of cholangiocarcinoma". Radiographics. 19 (5): 1199–218. doi:10.1148/radiographics.19.5.g99se081199. PMID 10489176.
- Valls C, Gumà A, Puig I, Sanchez A, Andía E, Serrano T, et al. (2000). "Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: CT evaluation". Abdominal Imaging. 25 (5): 490–6. doi:10.1007/s002610000079. PMID 10931983. S2CID 12010522.
- Tillich M, Mischinger HJ, Preisegger KH, Rabl H, Szolar DH (September 1998). "Multiphasic helical CT in diagnosis and staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 171 (3): 651–8. doi:10.2214/ajr.171.3.9725291. PMID 9725291.
- Zhang Y, Uchida M, Abe T, Nishimura H, Hayabuchi N, Nakashima Y (1999). "Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of dynamic CT and dynamic MRI". Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 23 (5): 670–7. doi:10.1097/00004728-199909000-00004. PMID 10524843.
- Sugiyama M, Hagi H, Atomi Y, Saito M (1997). "Diagnosis of portal venous invasion by pancreatobiliary carcinoma: value of endoscopic ultrasonography". Abdominal Imaging. 22 (4): 434–8. doi:10.1007/s002619900227. PMID 9157867. S2CID 19988847.
- Schwartz LH, Coakley FV, Sun Y, Blumgart LH, Fong Y, Panicek DM (June 1998). "Neoplastic pancreaticobiliary duct obstruction: evaluation with breath-hold MR cholangiopancreatography". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 170 (6): 1491–5. doi:10.2214/ajr.170.6.9609160. PMID 9609160.
- Zidi SH, Prat F, Le Guen O, Rondeau Y, Pelletier G (January 2000). "Performance characteristics of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the staging of malignant hilar strictures". Gut. 46 (1): 103–6. doi:10.1136/gut.46.1.103. PMC 1727781. PMID 10601064.
- Lee MG, Park KB, Shin YM, Yoon HK, Sung KB, Kim MH, et al. (March 2003). "Preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fast imaging with steady-state precession magnetic resonance angiography: comparison with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography". World Journal of Surgery. 27 (3): 278–83. doi:10.1007/s00268-002-6701-1. PMID 12607051. S2CID 25092608.
- Yeh TS, Jan YY, Tseng JH, Chiu CT, Chen TC, Hwang TL, et al. (February 2000). "Malignant perihilar biliary obstruction: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographic findings". American Journal of Gastroenterology. 95 (2): 432–40. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01763.x. PMID 10685746. S2CID 25350361.
- Szklaruk J, Tamm E, Charnsangavej C (October 2002). "Preoperative imaging of biliary tract cancers". Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America. 11 (4): 865–76. doi:10.1016/S1055-3207(02)00032-7. PMID 12607576.
- Weber SM, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Blumgart LH, Jarnagin WR (March 2002). "Staging laparoscopy in patients with extrahepatic biliary carcinoma. Analysis of 100 patients". Annals of Surgery. 235 (3): 392–9. doi:10.1097/00000658-200203000-00011. PMC 1422445. PMID 11882761.
- Callery MP, Strasberg SM, Doherty GM, Soper NJ, Norton JA (July 1997). "Staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography: optimizing resectability in hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancy". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 185 (1): 33–9. doi:10.1016/s1072-7515(97)00003-3. PMID 9208958.
- Länger F, von Wasielewski R, Kreipe HH (July 2006). "[The importance of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinomas]". Der Pathologe (in German). 27 (4): 244–50. doi:10.1007/s00292-006-0836-z. PMID 16758167. S2CID 7571236.
- Zervos EE, Osborne D, Goldin SB, Villadolid DV, Thometz DP, Durkin A, et al. (November 2005). "Stage does not predict survival after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinomas promoting an aggressive operative approach". American Journal of Surgery. 190 (5): 810–5. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.07.025. PMID 16226963.
- Tsao JI, Nimura Y, Kamiya J, Hayakawa N, Kondo S, Nagino M, et al. (August 2000). "Management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of an American and a Japanese experience". Annals of Surgery. 232 (2): 166–74. doi:10.1097/00000658-200008000-00003. PMC 1421125. PMID 10903592.
- Su CH, Tsay SH, Wu CC, Shyr YM, King KL, Lee CH, et al. (April 1996). "Factors influencing postoperative morbidity, mortality, and survival after resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma". Annals of Surgery. 223 (4): 384–94. doi:10.1097/00000658-199604000-00007. PMC 1235134. PMID 8633917.
- Rosen CB, Heimbach JK, Gores GJ (2008). "Surgery for cholangiocarcinoma: the role of liver transplantation". HPB. 10 (3): 186–9. doi:10.1080/13651820801992542. PMC 2504373. PMID 18773052.
- Heimbach JK, Gores GJ, Haddock MG, Alberts SR, Pedersen R, Kremers W, et al. (December 2006). "Predictors of disease recurrence following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma". Transplantation. 82 (12): 1703–7. doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000253551.43583.d1. PMID 17198263. S2CID 25466829.
- Kuhlmann JB, Blum HE (May 2013). "Locoregional therapy for cholangiocarcinoma". Current Opinion in Gastroenterology. 29 (3): 324–8. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835d9dea. PMID 23337933. S2CID 37403999.
- Todoroki T, Ohara K, Kawamoto T, Koike N, Yoshida S, Kashiwagi H, et al. (February 2000). "Benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy after radical resection of locally advanced main hepatic duct carcinoma". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 46 (3): 581–7. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00472-1. PMID 10701737.
- Alden ME, Mohiuddin M (March 1994). "The impact of radiation dose in combined external beam and intraluminal Ir-192 brachytherapy for bile duct cancer". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 28 (4): 945–51. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(94)90115-5. PMID 8138448.
- González González D, Gouma DJ, Rauws EA, van Gulik TM, Bosma A, Koedooder C (1999). "Role of radiotherapy, in particular intraluminal brachytherapy, in the treatment of proximal bile duct carcinoma". Annals of Oncology. 10 (Suppl 4): 215–20. doi:10.1023/A:1008339709327. PMID 10436826.
- Pitt HA, Nakeeb A, Abrams RA, Coleman J, Piantadosi S, Yeo CJ, et al. (June 1995). "Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Postoperative radiotherapy does not improve survival". Annals of Surgery. 221 (6): 788–97, discussion 797–8. doi:10.1097/00000658-199506000-00017. PMC 1234714. PMID 7794082.
- Luvira, V; Satitkarnmanee, E; Pugkhem, A; Kietpeerakool, C; Lumbiganon, P; Pattanittum, P (13 September 2021). "Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (9) CD012814. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012814.pub2. PMC 8437098. PMID 34515993.
- Takada T, Amano H, Yasuda H, Nimura Y, Matsushiro T, Kato H, et al. (October 2002). "Is postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy useful for gallbladder carcinoma? A phase III multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial in patients with resected pancreaticobiliary carcinoma". Cancer. 95 (8): 1685–95. doi:10.1002/cncr.10831. PMID 12365016.
- Vauthey JN, Blumgart LH (May 1994). "Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas". Seminars in Liver Disease. 14 (2): 109–14. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1007302. PMID 8047893. S2CID 37111064.
- Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, et al. (August 1996). "Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer". Annals of Oncology. 7 (6): 593–600. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a010676. PMID 8879373.
- Choi CW, Choi IK, Seo JH, Kim BS, Kim JS, Kim CD, et al. (August 2000). "Effects of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in the treatment of pancreatic-biliary tract adenocarcinomas". American Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23 (4): 425–8. doi:10.1097/00000421-200008000-00023. PMID 10955877.
- Park JS, Oh SY, Kim SH, Kwon HC, Kim JS, Jin-Kim H, et al. (February 2005). "Single-agent gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers: a phase II study". Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 35 (2): 68–73. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyi021. PMID 15709089.
- Giuliani F, Gebbia V, Maiello E, Borsellino N, Bajardi E, Colucci G (June 2006). "Gemcitabine and cisplatin for inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas: a multicenter phase II study of the Gruppo Oncologico dell'Italia Meridionale (GOIM)". Annals of Oncology. 17 (Suppl 7): vii73–7. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdl956. PMID 16760299.
- Knox JJ, Hedley D, Oza A, Feld R, Siu LL, Chen E, et al. (April 2005). "Combining gemcitabine and capecitabine in patients with advanced biliary cancer: a phase II trial". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23 (10): 2332–8. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.51.008. PMID 15800324.
- Philip PA, Mahoney MR, Allmer C, Thomas J, Pitot HC, Kim G, et al. (July 2006). "Phase II study of erlotinib in patients with advanced biliary cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 24 (19): 3069–74. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.05.3579. PMID 16809731.
- Bonet Beltrán M, Allal AS, Gich I, et al. (2012). "Is adjuvant radiotherapy needed after curative resection of extrahepatic biliary tract cancers? A systematic review with a meta-analysis of observational studies". Cancer Treat Rev. 38 (2): 111–119. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.05.003. PMID 21652148.
- Yamamoto M, Takasaki K, Yoshikawa T (March 1999). "Lymph node metastasis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma". Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 29 (3): 147–50. doi:10.1093/jjco/29.3.147. PMID 10225697.
- Farley DR, Weaver AL, Nagorney DM (May 1995). "'Natural history' of unresected cholangiocarcinoma: patient outcome after noncurative intervention". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 70 (5): 425–9. doi:10.4065/70.5.425. PMID 7537346.
- Grove MK, Hermann RE, Vogt DP, Broughan TA (April 1991). "Role of radiation after operative palliation in cancer of the proximal bile ducts". American Journal of Surgery. 161 (4): 454–8. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(91)91111-U. PMID 1709795.
- Studies of surgical outcomes in distal cholangiocarcinoma include:
  - Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, Coleman J, Abrams RA, Piantadosi S, et al. (October 1996). "Cholangiocarcinoma. A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors". Annals of Surgery. 224 (4): 463–73, discussion 473–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199610000-00005. PMC 1235406. PMID 8857851.
  - Studies of outcome in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma include:
    - Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, Coleman J, Abrams RA, Piantadosi S, et al. (October 1996). "Cholangiocarcinoma. A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors". Annals of Surgery. 224 (4): 463–73, discussion 473–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199610000-00005. PMC 1235406. PMID 8857851.
    - Estimates of survival after surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma include:
      - Burke EC, Jarnagin WR, Hochwald SN, Pisters PW, Fong Y, Blumgart LH (September 1998). "Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: patterns of spread, the importance of hepatic resection for curative operation, and a presurgical clinical staging system". Annals of Surgery. 228 (3): 385–94. doi:10.1097/00000658-199809000-00011. PMC 1191497. PMID 9742921.
      - Kaya M, de Groen PC, Angulo P, Nagorney DM, Gunderson LL, Gores GJ, et al. (April 2001). "Treatment of cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis: the Mayo Clinic experience". American Journal of Gastroenterology. 96 (4): 1164–9. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03696.x. PMID 11316165. S2CID 295347.
      - Nakeeb A, Tran KQ, Black MJ, Erickson BA, Ritch PS, Quebbeman EJ, et al. (October 2002). "Improved survival in resected biliary malignancies". Surgery. 132 (4): 555–63, discission 563–4. doi:10.1067/msy.2002.127555. PMID 12407338.
      - Khan SA, Taylor-Robinson SD, Toledano MB, Beck A, Elliott P, Thomas HC (December 2002). "Changing international trends in mortality rates for liver, biliary and pancreatic tumours". Journal of Hepatology. 37 (6): 806–13. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00297-0. PMID 12445422.
      - Landis SH, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingo PA (1998). "Cancer statistics, 1998". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 48 (1): 6–29. doi:10.3322/canjclin.48.1.6. PMID 9449931.
      - Multiple independent studies have documented a steady increase in the worldwide incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. Some relevant journal articles include:
        Patel T (May 2002). "Worldwide trends in mortality from biliary tract malignancies". BMC Cancer. 2: 10. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-2-10. PMC 113759. PMID 11991810.

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Razumilava N, Gores GJ (June 2014). "Cholangiocarcinoma". Lancet. 383 (9935): 2168–79. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61903-0. PMC 4069226. PMID 24581682.

Chapman RW (1999). "Risk factors for biliary tract carcinogenesis". Annals of Oncology. 10 (Suppl 4): 308–11. doi:10.1023/A:1008313809752. PMID 10436847.

Epidemiologic studies which have addressed the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in people with primary sclerosing cholangitis include the following:

Bergquist A, Ekbom A, Olsson R, Kornfeldt D, Lööf L, Danielsson A, et al. (March 2002). "Hepatic and extrahepatic malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis". Journal of Hepatology. 36 (3): 321–7. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00288-4. PMID 11867174.
Rosen CB, Nagorney DM, Wiesner RH, Coffey RJ, LaRusso NF (January 1991). "Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis". Annals of Surgery. 213 (1): 21–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199101000-00004. PMC 1358305. PMID 1845927.
Labib, Peter L.; Goodchild, George; Pereira, Stephen P. (2019). "Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma". BMC Cancer. 19 (1): 185. doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5391-0. PMC 6394015. PMID 30819129.
Wu N, Bayatpour S, Hylemon PB, Aseem SO, Brindley PJ, Zhou H (March 2025). "Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Interactions: Mechanistic Implications for Cholangiocarcinoma Development, Immune Resistance, and Therapy". Am J Pathol. 195 (3): 397–408. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.11.004. PMID 39730075.
Watanapa P, Watanapa WB (August 2002). "Liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma". British Journal of Surgery. 89 (8): 962–70. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.02143.x. PMID 12153620. S2CID 5606131.
Sripa B, Kaewkes S, Sithithaworn P, Mairiang E, Laha T, Smout M, et al. (July 2007). "Liver fluke induces cholangiocarcinoma". PLOS Medicine. 4 (7) e201. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040201. PMC 1913093. PMID 17622191.
Sripa B, Kaewkes S, Intapan PM, Maleewong W, Brindley PJ (2010). Food-borne trematodiases in Southeast Asia epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestation and control. Advances in Parasitology. Vol. 72. pp. 305–50. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(10)72011-X. ISBN 978-0-12-381513-2. PMID 20624536.
Rustagi T, Dasanu CA (June 2012). "Risk factors for gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma: similarities, differences and updates". Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer. 43 (2): 137–47. doi:10.1007/s12029-011-9284-y. PMID 21597894. S2CID 31590872.
Hong ST, Fang Y (March 2012). "Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis, an update". Parasitology International. 61 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.007. PMID 21741496.
Sripa B, Tangkawattana S, Sangnikul T (August 2017). "The Lawa model: A sustainable, integrated opisthorchiasis control program using the EcoHealth approach in the Lawa Lake region of Thailand". Parasitology International. 66 (4): 346–354. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.013. PMC 5443708. PMID 27890720.
Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Suzuki F, Tsubota A, Suzuki Y, et al. (June 2000). "Incidence of primary cholangiocellular carcinoma of the liver in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis". Cancer. 88 (11): 2471–7. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20000601)88:11<2471::AID-CNCR7>3.0.CO;2-T. PMID 10861422. S2CID 22206944.
Yamamoto S, Kubo S, Hai S, Uenishi T, Yamamoto T, Shuto T, et al. (July 2004). "Hepatitis C virus infection as a likely etiology of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma". Cancer Science. 95 (7): 592–5. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb02492.x. PMC 11158843. PMID 15245596.
Lu H, Ye MQ, Thung SN, Dash S, Gerber MA (December 2000). "Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA sequences in cholangiocarcinomas in Chinese and American patients". Chinese Medical Journal. 113 (12): 1138–41. PMID 11776153.
Shaib YH, El-Serag HB, Davila JA, Morgan R, McGlynn KA (March 2005). "Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a case-control study". Gastroenterology. 128 (3): 620–6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.12.048. PMID 15765398.
Sorensen HT, Friis S, Olsen JH, Thulstrup AM, Mellemkjaer L, Linet M, et al. (October 1998). "Risk of liver and other types of cancer in patients with cirrhosis: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark". Hepatology. 28 (4): 921–5. doi:10.1002/hep.510280404. PMID 9755226. S2CID 72842845.
Chang AH, Parsonnet J (October 2010). "Role of bacteria in oncogenesis". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 23 (4): 837–57. doi:10.1128/CMR.00012-10. PMC 2952975. PMID 20930075.
Lipsett PA, Pitt HA, Colombani PM, Boitnott JK, Cameron JL (November 1994). "Choledochal cyst disease. A changing pattern of presentation". Annals of Surgery. 220 (5): 644–52. doi:10.1097/00000658-199411000-00007. PMC 1234452. PMID 7979612.
Dayton MT, Longmire WP, Tompkins RK (January 1983). "Caroli's Disease: a premalignant condition?". American Journal of Surgery. 145 (1): 41–8. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(83)90164-2. PMID 6295196.
Mecklin JP, Järvinen HJ, Virolainen M (March 1992). "The association between cholangiocarcinoma and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma". Cancer. 69 (5): 1112–4. doi:10.1002/cncr.2820690508. PMID 1310886. S2CID 23468163.
Lee SS, Kim MH, Lee SK, Jang SJ, Song MH, Kim KP, et al. (February 2004). "Clinicopathologic review of 58 patients with biliary papillomatosis". Cancer. 100 (4): 783–93. doi:10.1002/cncr.20031. PMID 14770435.
Lee CC, Wu CY, Chen GH (September 2002). "What is the impact of coexistence of hepatolithiasis on cholangiocarcinoma?". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 17 (9): 1015–20. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02779.x. PMID 12167124. S2CID 25753564.
Su CH, Shyr YM, Lui WY, P'Eng FK (July 1997). "Hepatolithiasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma". British Journal of Surgery. 84 (7): 969–73. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800840717. PMID 9240138. S2CID 29475282.
Donato F, Gelatti U, Tagger A, Favret M, Ribero ML, Callea F, et al. (December 2001). "Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatitis C and B virus infection, alcohol intake, and hepatolithiasis: a case-control study in Italy". Cancer Causes & Control. 12 (10): 959–64. doi:10.1023/A:1013747228572. PMID 11808716. S2CID 12117363.
Sahani D, Prasad SR, Tannabe KK, Hahn PF, Mueller PR, Saini S (2003). "Thorotrast-induced cholangiocarcinoma: case report". Abdominal Imaging. 28 (1): 72–4. doi:10.1007/s00261-001-0148-y. PMID 12483389. S2CID 23531547.
Zhu AX, Lauwers GY, Tanabe KK (2004). "Cholangiocarcinoma in association with Thorotrast exposure". Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery. 11 (6): 430–3. doi:10.1007/s00534-004-0924-5. PMID 15619021.
Lipshutz GS, Brennan TV, Warren RS (November 2002). "Thorotrast-induced liver neoplasia: a collective review". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 195 (5): 713–8. doi:10.1016/S1072-7515(02)01287-5. PMID 12437262.
Klatskin G (February 1965). "Adenocarcinoma of the Hepatic Duct at Its Bifurcation Within The Porta Hepatis. An Unusual Tumor With Distinctive Clinical And Pathological Features". American Journal of Medicine. 38 (2): 241–56. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(65)90178-6. PMID 14256720.
Roskams T (June 2006). "Liver stem cells and their implication in hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma". Oncogene. 25 (27): 3818–22. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209558. PMID 16799623.
Liu C, Wang J, Ou QJ (November 2004). "Possible stem cell origin of human cholangiocarcinoma". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 10 (22): 3374–6. doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i22.3374. PMC 4572317. PMID 15484322.
Sell S, Dunsford HA (June 1989). "Evidence for the stem cell origin of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma". American Journal of Pathology. 134 (6): 1347–63. PMC 1879951. PMID 2474256.
Sirica AE (January 2005). "Cholangiocarcinoma: molecular targeting strategies for chemoprevention and therapy". Hepatology. 41 (1): 5–15. doi:10.1002/hep.20537. PMID 15690474. S2CID 10903371.
Holzinger F, Z'graggen K, Büchler MW (1999). "Mechanisms of biliary carcinogenesis: a pathogenetic multi-stage cascade towards cholangiocarcinoma". Annals of Oncology. 10 (Suppl 4): 122–6. doi:10.1023/A:1008321710719. PMID 10436802.
Gores GJ (May 2003). "Cholangiocarcinoma: current concepts and insights". Hepatology. 37 (5): 961–9. doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50200. PMID 12717374. S2CID 5441766.
de Groen PC, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF, Gunderson LL, Nagorney DM (October 1999). "Biliary tract cancers". New England Journal of Medicine. 341 (18): 1368–78. doi:10.1056/NEJM199910283411807. PMID 10536130.
Henson DE, Albores-Saavedra J, Corle D (September 1992). "Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Histologic types, stage of disease, grade, and survival rates". Cancer. 70 (6): 1498–501. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19920915)70:6<1498::AID-CNCR2820700609>3.0.CO;2-C. PMID 1516001. S2CID 10348568.
Studies of the performance of serum markers for cholangiocarcinoma (such as carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9) in patients with and without primary sclerosing cholangitis include the following:
- Nehls O, Gregor M, Klump B (May 2004). "Serum and bile markers for cholangiocarcinoma". Seminars in Liver Disease. 24 (2): 139–54. doi:10.1055/s-2004-828891. PMID 15192787. S2CID 260316851.
- Saini S (June 1997). "Imaging of the hepatobiliary tract". New England Journal of Medicine. 336 (26): 1889–94. doi:10.1056/NEJM199706263362607. PMID 9197218.
- Sharma MP, Ahuja V (1999). "Aetiological spectrum of obstructive jaundice and diagnostic ability of ultrasonography: a clinician's perspective". Tropical Gastroenterology. 20 (4): 167–9. PMID 10769604.
- Bloom CM, Langer B, Wilson SR (1999). "Role of US in the detection, characterization, and staging of cholangiocarcinoma". Radiographics. 19 (5): 1199–218. doi:10.1148/radiographics.19.5.g99se081199. PMID 10489176.
- Valls C, Gumà A, Puig I, Sanchez A, Andía E, Serrano T, et al. (2000). "Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: CT evaluation". Abdominal Imaging. 25 (5): 490–6. doi:10.1007/s002610000079. PMID 10931983. S2CID 12010522.
- Tillich M, Mischinger HJ, Preisegger KH, Rabl H, Szolar DH (September 1998). "Multiphasic helical CT in diagnosis and staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 171 (3): 651–8. doi:10.2214/ajr.171.3.9725291. PMID 9725291.
- Zhang Y, Uchida M, Abe T, Nishimura H, Hayabuchi N, Nakashima Y (1999). "Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of dynamic CT and dynamic MRI". Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 23 (5): 670–7. doi:10.1097/00004728-199909000-00004. PMID 10524843.
- Sugiyama M, Hagi H, Atomi Y, Saito M (1997). "Diagnosis of portal venous invasion by pancreatobiliary carcinoma: value of endoscopic ultrasonography". Abdominal Imaging. 22 (4): 434–8. doi:10.1007/s002619900227. PMID 9157867. S2CID 19988847.
- Schwartz LH, Coakley FV, Sun Y, Blumgart LH, Fong Y, Panicek DM (June 1998). "Neoplastic pancreaticobiliary duct obstruction: evaluation with breath-hold MR cholangiopancreatography". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 170 (6): 1491–5. doi:10.2214/ajr.170.6.9609160. PMID 9609160.
- Zidi SH, Prat F, Le Guen O, Rondeau Y, Pelletier G (January 2000). "Performance characteristics of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the staging of malignant hilar strictures". Gut. 46 (1): 103–6. doi:10.1136/gut.46.1.103. PMC 1727781. PMID 10601064.
- Lee MG, Park KB, Shin YM, Yoon HK, Sung KB, Kim MH, et al. (March 2003). "Preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fast imaging with steady-state precession magnetic resonance angiography: comparison with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography". World Journal of Surgery. 27 (3): 278–83. doi:10.1007/s00268-002-6701-1. PMID 12607051. S2CID 25092608.
- Yeh TS, Jan YY, Tseng JH, Chiu CT, Chen TC, Hwang TL, et al. (February 2000). "Malignant perihilar biliary obstruction: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographic findings". American Journal of Gastroenterology. 95 (2): 432–40. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01763.x. PMID 10685746. S2CID 25350361.
- Freeman ML, Sielaff TD (2003). "A modern approach to malignant hilar biliary obstruction". Reviews in Gastroenterological Disorders. 3 (4): 187–201. PMID 14668691.
- Szklaruk J, Tamm E, Charnsangavej C (October 2002). "Preoperative imaging of biliary tract cancers". Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America. 11 (4): 865–76. doi:10.1016/S1055-3207(02)00032-7. PMID 12607576.
- Weber SM, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Blumgart LH, Jarnagin WR (March 2002). "Staging laparoscopy in patients with extrahepatic biliary carcinoma. Analysis of 100 patients". Annals of Surgery. 235 (3): 392–9. doi:10.1097/00000658-200203000-00011. PMC 1422445. PMID 11882761.
- Callery MP, Strasberg SM, Doherty GM, Soper NJ, Norton JA (July 1997). "Staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography: optimizing resectability in hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancy". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 185 (1): 33–9. doi:10.1016/s1072-7515(97)00003-3. PMID 9208958.
- Länger F, von Wasielewski R, Kreipe HH (July 2006). "[The importance of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinomas]". Der Pathologe (in German). 27 (4): 244–50. doi:10.1007/s00292-006-0836-z. PMID 16758167. S2CID 7571236.
- Zervos EE, Osborne D, Goldin SB, Villadolid DV, Thometz DP, Durkin A, et al. (November 2005). "Stage does not predict survival after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinomas promoting an aggressive operative approach". American Journal of Surgery. 190 (5): 810–5. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.07.025. PMID 16226963.
- Tsao JI, Nimura Y, Kamiya J, Hayakawa N, Kondo S, Nagino M, et al. (August 2000). "Management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of an American and a Japanese experience". Annals of Surgery. 232 (2): 166–74. doi:10.1097/00000658-200008000-00003. PMC 1421125. PMID 10903592.
- Rajagopalan V, Daines WP, Grossbard ML, Kozuch P (June 2004). "Gallbladder and biliary tract carcinoma: A comprehensive update, Part 1". Oncology. 18 (7): 889–96. PMID 15255172.
- Su CH, Tsay SH, Wu CC, Shyr YM, King KL, Lee CH, et al. (April 1996). "Factors influencing postoperative morbidity, mortality, and survival after resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma". Annals of Surgery. 223 (4): 384–94. doi:10.1097/00000658-199604000-00007. PMC 1235134. PMID 8633917.
- Rosen CB, Heimbach JK, Gores GJ (2008). "Surgery for cholangiocarcinoma: the role of liver transplantation". HPB. 10 (3): 186–9. doi:10.1080/13651820801992542. PMC 2504373. PMID 18773052.
- Heimbach JK, Gores GJ, Haddock MG, Alberts SR, Pedersen R, Kremers W, et al. (December 2006). "Predictors of disease recurrence following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma". Transplantation. 82 (12): 1703–7. doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000253551.43583.d1. PMID 17198263. S2CID 25466829.
- Kuhlmann JB, Blum HE (May 2013). "Locoregional therapy for cholangiocarcinoma". Current Opinion in Gastroenterology. 29 (3): 324–8. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835d9dea. PMID 23337933. S2CID 37403999.
- Todoroki T, Ohara K, Kawamoto T, Koike N, Yoshida S, Kashiwagi H, et al. (February 2000). "Benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy after radical resection of locally advanced main hepatic duct carcinoma". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 46 (3): 581–7. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00472-1. PMID 10701737.
- Alden ME, Mohiuddin M (March 1994). "The impact of radiation dose in combined external beam and intraluminal Ir-192 brachytherapy for bile duct cancer". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 28 (4): 945–51. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(94)90115-5. PMID 8138448.
- González González D, Gouma DJ, Rauws EA, van Gulik TM, Bosma A, Koedooder C (1999). "Role of radiotherapy, in particular intraluminal brachytherapy, in the treatment of proximal bile duct carcinoma". Annals of Oncology. 10 (Suppl 4): 215–20. doi:10.1023/A:1008339709327. PMID 10436826.
- Pitt HA, Nakeeb A, Abrams RA, Coleman J, Piantadosi S, Yeo CJ, et al. (June 1995). "Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Postoperative radiotherapy does not improve survival". Annals of Surgery. 221 (6): 788–97, discussion 797–8. doi:10.1097/00000658-199506000-00017. PMC 1234714. PMID 7794082.
- Luvira, V; Satitkarnmanee, E; Pugkhem, A; Kietpeerakool, C; Lumbiganon, P; Pattanittum, P (13 September 2021). "Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (9) CD012814. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012814.pub2. PMC 8437098. PMID 34515993.
- Takada T, Amano H, Yasuda H, Nimura Y, Matsushiro T, Kato H, et al. (October 2002). "Is postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy useful for gallbladder carcinoma? A phase III multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial in patients with resected pancreaticobiliary carcinoma". Cancer. 95 (8): 1685–95. doi:10.1002/cncr.10831. PMID 12365016.
- Vauthey JN, Blumgart LH (May 1994). "Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas". Seminars in Liver Disease. 14 (2): 109–14. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1007302. PMID 8047893. S2CID 37111064.
- Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, et al. (August 1996). "Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer". Annals of Oncology. 7 (6): 593–600. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.annonc.a010676. PMID 8879373.
- Choi CW, Choi IK, Seo JH, Kim BS, Kim JS, Kim CD, et al. (August 2000). "Effects of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in the treatment of pancreatic-biliary tract adenocarcinomas". American Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23 (4): 425–8. doi:10.1097/00000421-200008000-00023. PMID 10955877.
- Park JS, Oh SY, Kim SH, Kwon HC, Kim JS, Jin-Kim H, et al. (February 2005). "Single-agent gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers: a phase II study". Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 35 (2): 68–73. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyi021. PMID 15709089.
- Giuliani F, Gebbia V, Maiello E, Borsellino N, Bajardi E, Colucci G (June 2006). "Gemcitabine and cisplatin for inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas: a multicenter phase II study of the Gruppo Oncologico dell'Italia Meridionale (GOIM)". Annals of Oncology. 17 (Suppl 7): vii73–7. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdl956. PMID 16760299.
- Bhargava P, Jani CR, Savarese DM, O'Donnell JL, Stuart KE, Rocha Lima CM (September 2003). "Gemcitabine and irinotecan in locally advanced or metastatic biliary cancer: preliminary report". Oncology. 17 (9 Suppl 8): 23–6. PMID 14569844.
- Knox JJ, Hedley D, Oza A, Feld R, Siu LL, Chen E, et al. (April 2005). "Combining gemcitabine and capecitabine in patients with advanced biliary cancer: a phase II trial". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23 (10): 2332–8. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.51.008. PMID 15800324.
- Philip PA, Mahoney MR, Allmer C, Thomas J, Pitot HC, Kim G, et al. (July 2006). "Phase II study of erlotinib in patients with advanced biliary cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 24 (19): 3069–74. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.05.3579. PMID 16809731.
- Bonet Beltrán M, Allal AS, Gich I, et al. (2012). "Is adjuvant radiotherapy needed after curative resection of extrahepatic biliary tract cancers? A systematic review with a meta-analysis of observational studies". Cancer Treat Rev. 38 (2): 111–119. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.05.003. PMID 21652148.
- Yamamoto M, Takasaki K, Yoshikawa T (March 1999). "Lymph node metastasis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma". Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 29 (3): 147–50. doi:10.1093/jjco/29.3.147. PMID 10225697.
- Farley DR, Weaver AL, Nagorney DM (May 1995). "'Natural history' of unresected cholangiocarcinoma: patient outcome after noncurative intervention". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 70 (5): 425–9. doi:10.4065/70.5.425. PMID 7537346.
- Grove MK, Hermann RE, Vogt DP, Broughan TA (April 1991). "Role of radiation after operative palliation in cancer of the proximal bile ducts". American Journal of Surgery. 161 (4): 454–8. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(91)91111-U. PMID 1709795.
- Studies of surgical outcomes in distal cholangiocarcinoma include:
  - Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, Coleman J, Abrams RA, Piantadosi S, et al. (October 1996). "Cholangiocarcinoma. A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors". Annals of Surgery. 224 (4): 463–73, discussion 473–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199610000-00005. PMC 1235406. PMID 8857851.
  - Studies of outcome in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma include:
    - Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, Coleman J, Abrams RA, Piantadosi S, et al. (October 1996). "Cholangiocarcinoma. A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors". Annals of Surgery. 224 (4): 463–73, discussion 473–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199610000-00005. PMC 1235406. PMID 8857851.
    - Estimates of survival after surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma include:
      - Burke EC, Jarnagin WR, Hochwald SN, Pisters PW, Fong Y, Blumgart LH (September 1998). "Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: patterns of spread, the importance of hepatic resection for curative operation, and a presurgical clinical staging system". Annals of Surgery. 228 (3): 385–94. doi:10.1097/00000658-199809000-00011. PMC 1191497. PMID 9742921.
      - Kaya M, de Groen PC, Angulo P, Nagorney DM, Gunderson LL, Gores GJ, et al. (April 2001). "Treatment of cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis: the Mayo Clinic experience". American Journal of Gastroenterology. 96 (4): 1164–9. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03696.x. PMID 11316165. S2CID 295347.
      - Nakeeb A, Tran KQ, Black MJ, Erickson BA, Ritch PS, Quebbeman EJ, et al. (October 2002). "Improved survival in resected biliary malignancies". Surgery. 132 (4): 555–63, discission 563–4. doi:10.1067/msy.2002.127555. PMID 12407338.
      - Khan SA, Taylor-Robinson SD, Toledano MB, Beck A, Elliott P, Thomas HC (December 2002). "Changing international trends in mortality rates for liver, biliary and pancreatic tumours". Journal of Hepatology. 37 (6): 806–13. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00297-0. PMID 12445422.
      - Landis SH, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingo PA (1998). "Cancer statistics, 1998". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 48 (1): 6–29. doi:10.3322/canjclin.48.1.6. PMID 9449931.
      - Multiple independent studies have documented a steady increase in the worldwide incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. Some relevant journal articles include:
        Patel T (May 2002). "Worldwide trends in mortality from biliary tract malignancies". BMC Cancer. 2: 10. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-2-10. PMC 113759. PMID 11991810.
        ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
        Razumilava N, Gores GJ (June 2014). "Cholangiocarcinoma". Lancet. 383 (9935): 2168–79. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61903-0. PMC 4069226. PMID 24581682.
        Benavides M, Antón A, Gallego J, Gómez MA, Jiménez-Gordo A, La Casta A, et al. (December 2015). "Biliary tract cancers: SEOM clinical guidelines". Clinical & Translational Oncology. 17 (12): 982–7. doi:10.1007/s12094-015-1436-2. PMC 4689747. PMID 26607930.
        Steele JA, Richter CH, Echaubard P, Saenna P, Stout V, Sithithaworn P, et al. (May 2018). "Thinking beyond Opisthorchis viverrini for risk of cholangiocarcinoma in the lower Mekong region: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Infectious Diseases of Poverty. 7 (1): 44. doi:10.1186/s40249-018-0434-3. PMC 5956617. PMID 29769113.
        Zhang, Tan; Zhang, Sina; Jin, Chen; et al. (2021). "A Predictive Model Based on the Gut Microbiota Improves the Diagnostic Effect in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 11 751795. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.751795. PMC 8650695. PMID 34888258.
        Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, Coleman J, Abrams RA, Piantadosi S, et al. (October 1996). "Cholangiocarcinoma. A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors". Annals of Surgery. 224 (4): 463–73, discussion 473–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199610000-00005. PMC 1235406. PMID 8857851.
        Rosen CB, Nagorney DM, Wiesner RH, Coffey RJ, LaRusso NF (January 1991). "Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis". Annals of Surgery. 213 (1): 21–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199101000-00004. PMC 1358305. PMID 1845927.
        Labib, Peter L.; Goodchild, George; Pereira, Stephen P. (2019). "Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma". BMC Cancer. 19 (1): 185. doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5391-0. PMC 6394015. PMID 30819129.
        Sripa B, Kaewkes S, Sithithaworn P, Mairiang E, Laha T, Smout M, et al. (July 2007). "Liver fluke induces cholangiocarcinoma". PLOS Medicine. 4 (7) e201. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040201. PMC 1913093. PMID 17622191.
        Sripa B, Tangkawattana S, Sangnikul T (August 2017). "The Lawa model: A sustainable, integrated opisthorchiasis control program using the EcoHealth approach in the Lawa Lake region of Thailand". Parasitology International. 66 (4): 346–354. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.013. PMC 5443708. PMID 27890720.
        Yamamoto S, Kubo S, Hai S, Uenishi T, Yamamoto T, Shuto T, et al. (July 2004). "Hepatitis C virus infection as a likely etiology of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma". Cancer Science. 95 (7): 592–5. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb02492.x. PMC 11158843. PMID 15245596.
        Chang AH, Parsonnet J (October 2010). "Role of bacteria in oncogenesis". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 23 (4): 837–57. doi:10.1128/CMR.00012-10. PMC 2952975. PMID 20930075.
        Lipsett PA, Pitt HA, Colombani PM, Boitnott JK, Cameron JL (November 1994). "Choledochal cyst disease. A changing pattern of presentation". Annals of Surgery. 220 (5): 644–52. doi:10.1097/00000658-199411000-00007. PMC 1234452. PMID 7979612.
        Liu C, Wang J, Ou QJ (November 2004). "Possible stem cell origin of human cholangiocarcinoma". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 10 (22): 3374–6. doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i22.3374. PMC 4572317. PMID 15484322.
        Sell S, Dunsford HA (June 1989). "Evidence for the stem cell origin of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma". American Journal of Pathology. 134 (6): 1347–63. PMC 1879951. PMID 2474256.
        Zidi SH, Prat F, Le Guen O, Rondeau Y, Pelletier G (January 2000). "Performance characteristics of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the staging of malignant hilar strictures". Gut. 46 (1): 103–6. doi:10.1136/gut.46.1.103. PMC 1727781. PMID 10601064.
        Weber SM, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Blumgart LH, Jarnagin WR (March 2002). "Staging laparoscopy in patients with extrahepatic biliary carcinoma. Analysis of 100 patients". Annals of Surgery. 235 (3): 392–9. doi:10.1097/00000658-200203000-00011. PMC 1422445. PMID 11882761.
        Tsao JI, Nimura Y, Kamiya J, Hayakawa N, Kondo S, Nagino M, et al. (August 2000). "Management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of an American and a Japanese experience". Annals of Surgery. 232 (2): 166–74. doi:10.1097/00000658-200008000-00003. PMC 1421125. PMID 10903592.
        Su CH, Tsay SH, Wu CC, Shyr YM, King KL, Lee CH, et al. (April 1996). "Factors influencing postoperative morbidity, mortality, and survival after resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma". Annals of Surgery. 223 (4): 384–94. doi:10.1097/00000658-199604000-00007. PMC 1235134. PMID 8633917.
        Rosen CB, Heimbach JK, Gores GJ (2008). "Surgery for cholangiocarcinoma: the role of liver transplantation". HPB. 10 (3): 186–9. doi:10.1080/13651820801992542. PMC 2504373. PMID 18773052.
        Pitt HA, Nakeeb A, Abrams RA, Coleman J, Piantadosi S, Yeo CJ, et al. (June 1995). "Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Postoperative radiotherapy does not improve survival". Annals of Surgery. 221 (6): 788–97, discussion 797–8. doi:10.1097/00000658-199506000-00017. PMC 1234714. PMID 7794082.
        Luvira, V; Satitkarnmanee, E; Pugkhem, A; Kietpeerakool, C; Lumbiganon, P; Pattanittum, P (13 September 2021). "Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (9) CD012814. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012814.pub2. PMC 8437098. PMID 34515993.
        Studies of surgical outcomes in distal cholangiocarcinoma include:
        Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, Coleman J, Abrams RA, Piantadosi S, et al. (October 1996). "Cholangiocarcinoma. A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors". Annals of Surgery. 224 (4): 463–73, discussion 473–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199610000-00005. PMC 1235406. PMID 8857851.
        Studies of outcome in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma include:
        Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, Coleman J, Abrams RA, Piantadosi S, et al. (October 1996). "Cholangiocarcinoma. A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors". Annals of Surgery. 224 (4): 463–73, discussion 473–5. doi:10.1097/00000658-199610000-00005. PMC 1235406. PMID 8857851.
        Estimates of survival after surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma include:
        Burke EC, Jarnagin WR, Hochwald SN, Pisters PW, Fong Y, Blumgart LH (September 1998). "Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: patterns of spread, the importance of hepatic resection for curative operation, and a presurgical clinical staging system". Annals of Surgery. 228 (3): 385–94. doi:10.1097/00000658-199809000-00011. PMC 1191497. PMID 9742921.
        Multiple independent studies have documented a steady increase in the worldwide incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. Some relevant journal articles include:
        Patel T (May 2002). "Worldwide trends in mortality from biliary tract malignancies". BMC Cancer. 2: 10. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-2-10. PMC 113759. PMID 11991810.

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Watanapa P, Watanapa WB (August 2002). "Liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma". British Journal of Surgery. 89 (8): 962–70. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.02143.x. PMID 12153620. S2CID 5606131.

Rustagi T, Dasanu CA (June 2012). "Risk factors for gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma: similarities, differences and updates". Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer. 43 (2): 137–47. doi:10.1007/s12029-011-9284-y. PMID 21597894. S2CID 31590872.

Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Suzuki F, Tsubota A, Suzuki Y, et al. (June 2000). "Incidence of primary cholangiocellular carcinoma of the liver in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis". Cancer. 88 (11): 2471–7. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20000601)88:11<2471::AID-CNCR7>3.0.CO;2-T. PMID 10861422. S2CID 22206944.

Sorensen HT, Friis S, Olsen JH, Thulstrup AM, Mellemkjaer L, Linet M, et al. (October 1998). "Risk of liver and other types of cancer in patients with cirrhosis: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark". Hepatology. 28 (4): 921–5. doi:10.1002/hep.510280404. PMID 9755226. S2CID 72842845.

Mecklin JP, Järvinen HJ, Virolainen M (March 1992). "The association between cholangiocarcinoma and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma". Cancer. 69 (5): 1112–4. doi:10.1002/cncr.2820690508. PMID 1310886. S2CID 23468163.

Lee CC, Wu CY, Chen GH (September 2002). "What is the impact of coexistence of hepatolithiasis on cholangiocarcinoma?". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 17 (9): 1015–20. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02779.x. PMID 12167124. S2CID 25753564.

Su CH, Shyr YM, Lui WY, P'Eng FK (July 1997). "Hepatolithiasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma". British Journal of Surgery. 84 (7): 969–73. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800840717. PMID 9240138. S2CID 29475282.

Donato F, Gelatti U, Tagger A, Favret M, Ribero ML, Callea F, et al. (December 2001). "Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatitis C and B virus infection, alcohol intake, and hepatolithiasis: a case-control study in Italy". Cancer Causes & Control. 12 (10): 959–64. doi:10.1023/A:1013747228572. PMID 11808716. S2CID 12117363.

Sahani D, Prasad SR, Tannabe KK, Hahn PF, Mueller PR, Saini S (2003). "Thorotrast-induced cholangiocarcinoma: case report". Abdominal Imaging. 28 (1): 72–4. doi:10.1007/s00261-001-0148-y. PMID 12483389. S2CID 23531547.

Sirica AE (January 2005). "Cholangiocarcinoma: molecular targeting strategies for chemoprevention and therapy". Hepatology. 41 (1): 5–15. doi:10.1002/hep.20537. PMID 15690474. S2CID 10903371.

Gores GJ (May 2003). "Cholangiocarcinoma: current concepts and insights". Hepatology. 37 (5): 961–9. doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50200. PMID 12717374. S2CID 5441766.

Henson DE, Albores-Saavedra J, Corle D (September 1992). "Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Histologic types, stage of disease, grade, and survival rates". Cancer. 70 (6): 1498–501. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19920915)70:6<1498::AID-CNCR2820700609>3.0.CO;2-C. PMID 1516001. S2CID 10348568.

Studies of the performance of serum markers for cholangiocarcinoma (such as carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9) in patients with and without primary sclerosing cholangitis include the following:

Nehls O, Gregor M, Klump B (May 2004). "Serum and bile markers for cholangiocarcinoma". Seminars in Liver Disease. 24 (2): 139–54. doi:10.1055/s-2004-828891. PMID 15192787. S2CID 260316851.
Valls C, Gumà A, Puig I, Sanchez A, Andía E, Serrano T, et al. (2000). "Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: CT evaluation". Abdominal Imaging. 25 (5): 490–6. doi:10.1007/s002610000079. PMID 10931983. S2CID 12010522.
Sugiyama M, Hagi H, Atomi Y, Saito M (1997). "Diagnosis of portal venous invasion by pancreatobiliary carcinoma: value of endoscopic ultrasonography". Abdominal Imaging. 22 (4): 434–8. doi:10.1007/s002619900227. PMID 9157867. S2CID 19988847.
Lee MG, Park KB, Shin YM, Yoon HK, Sung KB, Kim MH, et al. (March 2003). "Preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fast imaging with steady-state precession magnetic resonance angiography: comparison with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography". World Journal of Surgery. 27 (3): 278–83. doi:10.1007/s00268-002-6701-1. PMID 12607051. S2CID 25092608.
Yeh TS, Jan YY, Tseng JH, Chiu CT, Chen TC, Hwang TL, et al. (February 2000). "Malignant perihilar biliary obstruction: magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographic findings". American Journal of Gastroenterology. 95 (2): 432–40. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01763.x. PMID 10685746. S2CID 25350361.
Länger F, von Wasielewski R, Kreipe HH (July 2006). "[The importance of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinomas]". Der Pathologe (in German). 27 (4): 244–50. doi:10.1007/s00292-006-0836-z. PMID 16758167. S2CID 7571236.
Heimbach JK, Gores GJ, Haddock MG, Alberts SR, Pedersen R, Kremers W, et al. (December 2006). "Predictors of disease recurrence following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma". Transplantation. 82 (12): 1703–7. doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000253551.43583.d1. PMID 17198263. S2CID 25466829.
Kuhlmann JB, Blum HE (May 2013). "Locoregional therapy for cholangiocarcinoma". Current Opinion in Gastroenterology. 29 (3): 324–8. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835d9dea. PMID 23337933. S2CID 37403999.
Vauthey JN, Blumgart LH (May 1994). "Recent advances in the management of cholangiocarcinomas". Seminars in Liver Disease. 14 (2): 109–14. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1007302. PMID 8047893. S2CID 37111064.
Kaya M, de Groen PC, Angulo P, Nagorney DM, Gunderson LL, Gores GJ, et al. (April 2001). "Treatment of cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis: the Mayo Clinic experience". American Journal of Gastroenterology. 96 (4): 1164–9. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03696.x. PMID 11316165. S2CID 295347.

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