Christianity among the Mongols (English Wikipedia)

For extensive detail and the testimony of Rabban Bar Sauma, see "The Monks of Kublai Khan Emperor of China", Sir E. A. Wallis Budge. Online
"The Monks of Kublai Khan". www.aina.org.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi. BRILL. pp. 670–. ISBN 978-90-04-28529-3.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Tang, Li (2006). "Sorkaktani Beki: A prominent Nestorian woman at the Mongol Court". In Malek, Roman; Hofrichter, Peter (eds.). Jingjiao: the Church of the East in China and central Asia. Collectanea Serica. Germany: Monumenta Serica Institute / Steyler Verlag. pp. 349–356. doi:10.4324/9781003204022-25. ISBN 978-3-8050-0534-0.

exploration-eurasia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Society for Exploration of EurAsia. "Archaeological Excavation (Usharal–Ilibalyk)". Retrieved 2025-09-30.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

Runciman 1954, p. 238: "Early in the eleventh century their ruler had been converted to Nestorian Christianity, together with most of his subjects; and the conversion brought the Keraits into touch with the Uighur Turks, amongst whom were many Nestorians" Runciman, Steven (1954). The Kingdom of Acre and the later crusades. A history of the crusades. Vol. 3. University Press.
Grousset, René (1970). The empire of the steppes: A history of central Asia. Rutgers University Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-8135-1304-1. Christianity flourished in the Kara-Khitai empire, side by side with Buddhism.
Runciman 1954, p. 246. Runciman, Steven (1954). The Kingdom of Acre and the later crusades. A history of the crusades. Vol. 3. University Press.
Under Mongka "The chief religious influence was that of the Nestorian Christians, to whom Mongka showed especial favour in memory of his mother Sorghaqtani, who had always remained loyal to her faith" (Runciman 1954, p. 296) Runciman, Steven (1954). The Kingdom of Acre and the later crusades. A history of the crusades. Vol. 3. University Press.
Runciman 1954, p. 293: "Sorghaqtani, a Kerait by birth and, like all her race, a devout Nestorian Christian" Runciman, Steven (1954). The Kingdom of Acre and the later crusades. A history of the crusades. Vol. 3. University Press.
Runciman 1954, p. 296: "His [Mongka's] principal Empress, Kutuktai, and many other of his wives also were Nestorians" Runciman, Steven (1954). The Kingdom of Acre and the later crusades. A history of the crusades. Vol. 3. University Press.
Runciman 1954, p. 299: "This remarkable lady was a Kerait princess, the granddaughter of Toghrul Khan and cousin, therefore of Hulagu's mother. She was a passionate Nestorian, who made no secret of her dislike of Islam and her eagerness to help Christians of every sect" Runciman, Steven (1954). The Kingdom of Acre and the later crusades. A history of the crusades. Vol. 3. University Press.
Runciman 1954, p. 280: "Early in 1253 a report reached Acre that one of the Mongol princes, Sartaq, son of Batu, had been converted to Christianity" Runciman, Steven (1954). The Kingdom of Acre and the later crusades. A history of the crusades. Vol. 3. University Press.
Runciman 1954, p. 308: "Kitbuqa, as a Christian himself, made no secret of his sympathies" Runciman, Steven (1954). The Kingdom of Acre and the later crusades. A history of the crusades. Vol. 3. University Press.
Tang, Li (2006). "Sorkaktani Beki: A prominent Nestorian woman at the Mongol Court". In Malek, Roman; Hofrichter, Peter (eds.). Jingjiao: the Church of the East in China and central Asia. Collectanea Serica. Germany: Monumenta Serica Institute / Steyler Verlag. pp. 349–356. doi:10.4324/9781003204022-25. ISBN 978-3-8050-0534-0.

iicas.int (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Medieval necropolis Ilibalyk". International Institute for Central Asian Studies (IICAS). Retrieved 2025-09-30.

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966^th place; English: 5,144^th place)

openaccess.leidenuniv.nl

Tjalling Halbertsma, Nestorian remains of Inner Mongolia : discovery, reconstruction and appropriation, p. 88ff

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

"Ancient City Ruled by Genghis Khan's Heirs Revealed". Live Science. 24 October 2014.

pacificu.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

mcel.pacificu.edu

"E-Aspac". Archived from the original on 2006-11-07. Retrieved 2007-09-08.

washington.edu (Global: 1,171^st place; English: 736^th place)

depts.washington.edu

"William of Rubruck's Account of the Mongols". depts.washington.edu.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"E-Aspac". Archived from the original on 2006-11-07. Retrieved 2007-09-08.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

World Religions: Eastern Traditions. Edited by Willard Gurdon Oxtoby (2nd ed.). Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press. 2002. p. 434. ISBN 0-19-541521-3. OCLC 46661540.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)

Christianity among the Mongols (English Wikipedia)

aina.org (Global: 9,655th place; English: 8,421st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

exploration-eurasia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

google.com (Global: 109th place; English: 87th place)

iicas.int (Global: low place; English: low place)

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966th place; English: 5,144th place)

openaccess.leidenuniv.nl

livescience.com (Global: 1,726th place; English: 1,417th place)

pacificu.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

mcel.pacificu.edu

washington.edu (Global: 1,171st place; English: 736th place)

depts.washington.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

aina.org (Global: 9,655^th place; English: 8,421^st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

leidenuniv.nl (Global: 5,966^th place; English: 5,144^th place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

washington.edu (Global: 1,171^st place; English: 736^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)