Christianity in the 1st century (English Wikipedia)

Eusebius, Church History 3, 5, 3; Epiphanius, Panarion 29,7,7–8; 30, 2, 7; On Weights and Measures 15. On the flight to Pella see: Bourgel, Jonathan (2010). "The Jewish Christians' Move from Jerusalem as a pragmatic choice". In Dan Jaffe (ed.). Studies in Rabbinic Judaism and Early Christianity. Leyden: Brill. pp. 107–138.; P. H. R. van Houwelingen, "Fleeing forward: The departure of Christians from Jerusalem to Pella," Westminster Theological Journal 65 (2003), 181–200.

archive.org

Mack 1995, p. ^{[page needed]}. Mack, Burton L. (1995), Who wrote the New Testament? The making of the Christian myth, Harper San Francisco, ISBN 978-0-06-065517-4
Fredriksen 1999, pp. 119–121. Fredriksen, Paula (1999). Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews: A Jewish Life and the Emergence of Christianity. Vintage Books. ISBN 0-679-76746-0.
Fredriksen 1999, p. 124. Fredriksen, Paula (1999). Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews: A Jewish Life and the Emergence of Christianity. Vintage Books. ISBN 0-679-76746-0.
Powell 1998, p. 181. Powell, Mark Allan (1998). Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-25703-3.
Bockmuehl, Markus N. A. (2001). The Cambridge Companion to Jesus. Cambridge University Press. pp. 121–25. ISBN 978-0521796781.
Dunn 2003, p. 339 states that baptism and crucifixion are "two facts in the life of Jesus [which] command almost universal assent". Dunn, James D. G. (2003), Christianity in the Making: Jesus Remembered, vol. 1, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8028-3931-2
Crossan 1995, p. 145: "That he was crucified is as sure as anything historical can ever be, since both Josephus and Tacitus ... agree with the Christian accounts on at least that basic fact." Crossan, John Dominic (1995). Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography. HarperOne. ISBN 978-0-06-061662-5.
Levine 2006, p. 4; Herzog 2005, pp. 1–6; Craig 2001, pp. 2–5; Tuckett 2001, pp. 122–26; Ehrman 1999, pp. 100–101;Chilton & Evans 2002, p. 3–7 Levine, Amy-Jill (2006). Amy-Jill Levine; et al. (eds.). The Historical Jesus in Context. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00992-6. Herzog, William R. (2005). Prophet and Teacher: An Introduction to the Historical Jesus. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 0664225284. Craig, A. Evans (2001). Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies. BRILL. ISBN 978-0391041189. Tuckett, Christopher M. (2001). "Sources and Methods". In Bockmuehl, Markus N. A. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Jesus. Cambridge University Press. pp. 121–137. ISBN 978-0521796781. Ehrman, Bart D. (1999). Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195124736. Chilton, Bruce; Evans, Craig A., eds. (2002). Authenticating the Activities of Jesus. BRILL. ISBN 978-0391041646.
Ehrman 1999, pp. ix–x. Ehrman, Bart D. (1999). Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195124736.
Perkins, Pheme (1988). Reading the New Testament: An Introduction (originally published 1978). Mahwah NJ: Paulist Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0809129393.
Dunn 2003. Dunn, James D. G. (2003), Christianity in the Making: Jesus Remembered, vol. 1, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8028-3931-2
Latourette 1941, vol. I, p. 103. Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1941) [1937]. A History of the Expansion of Christianity. Vol. 1. New York and London: Harper and Brothers.

biblegateway.com

It appears in the Acts of the Apostles, Acts 9:2, Acts 19:9 and Acts 19:23). Some English translations of the New Testament capitalize "the Way" (e.g. the New King James Version and the English Standard Version), indicating that this was how "the new religion seemed then to be designated"^{[web 3]} whereas others treat the phrase as indicative—"the way",^[10] "that way"^{[web 4]} or "the way of the Lord".^{[web 5]} The Syriac version reads, "the way of God" and the Vulgate Latin version, "the way of the Lord".^{[web 6]}
See also Sect of "The Way", "The Nazarenes" and "Christians": Names given to the Early Church.

biblehub.com

"Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary on Acts 19". Bible Hub. Retrieved 2015-10-08. See also: Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary.
"Gill's Exposition, commentary on Acts 19:23". Bible Hub. Retrieved 2015-10-08.

biblestudy.org

"Apostle Paul's Third Missionary Journey Map". biblestudy.org.

biblethingsinbibleways.wordpress.com

It appears in the Acts of the Apostles, Acts 9:2, Acts 19:9 and Acts 19:23). Some English translations of the New Testament capitalize "the Way" (e.g. the New King James Version and the English Standard Version), indicating that this was how "the new religion seemed then to be designated"^{[web 3]} whereas others treat the phrase as indicative—"the way",^[10] "that way"^{[web 4]} or "the way of the Lord".^{[web 5]} The Syriac version reads, "the way of God" and the Vulgate Latin version, "the way of the Lord".^{[web 6]}
See also Sect of "The Way", "The Nazarenes" and "Christians": Names given to the Early Church.

biblica.com

books.google.com

Fredriksen 2018. Fredriksen, Paula (2018), When Christians Were Jews: The First Generation, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-19051-9
Bromiley 1979, p. 689. Bromiley, Geoffrey W., ed. (1979). International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: A-D. Vol. 1 (Fully Revised ed.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. ISBN 0-8028-3781-6.
Klutz 2002, pp. 178–190. Klutz, Todd (2002) [2000]. "Part II: Christian Origins and Development – Paul and the Development of Gentile Christianity". In Esler, Philip F. (ed.). The Early Christian World. Routledge Worlds (1st ed.). New York and London: Routledge. pp. 178–190. ISBN 9781032199344.
Seifrid 1992, pp. 210–211, 246–247. Seifrid, Mark A. (1992). "'Justification by Faith' and The Disposition of Paul's Argument". Justification by Faith: The Origin and Development of a Central Pauline Theme. Novum Testamentum, Supplements. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 90-04-09521-7. ISSN 0167-9732.
McGrath 2006, p. 174. McGrath, Alister E. (2006), Christianity: An Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 1-4051-0899-1
Ehrman 2005. Ehrman, Bart D. (2005) [2003]. "At Polar Ends of the Spectrum: Early Christian Ebionites and Marcionites". Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew. Oxford: Oxford University Pressvpages=95–112. ISBN 978-0-19-518249-1.
Hurtado 2005, pp. 13–55. Hurtado, Larry W. (2005), How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus, Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3
Freeman, Charles (2010). "Breaking Away: The First Christianities". A New History of Early Christianity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 31–46. doi:10.12987/9780300166583. ISBN 978-0-300-12581-8. JSTOR j.ctt1nq44w. LCCN 2009012009. S2CID 170124789. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
Wilken 2013a. Wilken, Robert Louis (2013a). "Beginning in Jerusalem". The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 6–16. ISBN 978-0-300-11884-1. JSTOR j.ctt32bd7m. LCCN 2012021755. S2CID 160590164.
Lietaert Peerbolte, Bert Jan (2013). "How Antichrist Defeated Death: The Development of Christian Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Early Church". In Krans, Jan; Lietaert Peerbolte, L. J.; Smit, Peter-Ben; Zwiep, Arie W. (eds.). Paul, John, and Apocalyptic Eschatology: Studies in Honour of Martinus C. de Boer. Novum Testamentum: Supplements. Vol. 149. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 238–255. doi:10.1163/9789004250369_016. ISBN 978-90-04-25026-0. ISSN 0167-9732. S2CID 191738355. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
González 1987, p. 37. González, Justo L. (1987). A History of Christian Thought. Vol. 1: From the Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon (revised ed.). Abingdon Press. ISBN 0-687-17182-2.
Ehrman 2012, pp. 272–273. Ehrman, Bart (2012), Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth, Harper Collins, ISBN 978-0-06-208994-6
Burkett 2002, p. 3. Burkett, Delbert (2002), An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of Christianity, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-00720-7
González 2010, p. 14. González, Justo L. (2010). The Story of Christianity. Vol. 1 The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation (revised and updated ed.). HarperCollins. ISBN 9780061855887.
MacCulloch 2010, p. 72. MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2010). Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1-101-18999-3.
Ehrman 2012, pp. 283 & 285. Ehrman, Bart (2012), Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth, Harper Collins, ISBN 978-0-06-208994-6
Bond 2012, pp. 62–64. Bond, Helen K. (2012). The Historical Jesus: A Guide for the Perplexed. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9780567125101.
Bond 2012, p. 63. Bond, Helen K. (2012). The Historical Jesus: A Guide for the Perplexed. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9780567125101.
González 1987, p. 38. González, Justo L. (1987). A History of Christian Thought. Vol. 1: From the Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon (revised ed.). Abingdon Press. ISBN 0-687-17182-2.
Stanton 2002, p. 145. Stanton, Graham (2002). The Gospels and Jesus (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191661686.
Ehrman (2012), p. 71. Ehrman, Bart (2012), Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth, Harper Collins, ISBN 978-0-06-208994-6
Stanton 2002, p. xxiii. Stanton, Graham (2002). The Gospels and Jesus (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191661686.
Mitchell & Young 2006, p. 23. Mitchell, Margaret M.; Young, Frances M., eds. (2006). The Cambridge History of Christianity. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81239-9.
McGrath 2006, pp. 16–22. McGrath, Alister E. (2006), Christianity: An Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 1-4051-0899-1
Theissen, Gerd; Merz, Annette (1998). The Historical Jesus : a Comprehensive Guide. Fortress Press. pp. 316–46. ISBN 978-1-4514-0863-8. Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
Hurtado 2005, p. 160. Hurtado, Larry W. (2005), How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus, Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3
Dunn 2009, pp. 246–47. Dunn, James D. G. (2009), Christianity in the Making: Beginning from Jerusalem, vol. 2, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8028-3932-9
Dunn 2009, p. 277. Dunn, James D. G. (2009), Christianity in the Making: Beginning from Jerusalem, vol. 2, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8028-3932-9
Burkett 2002. Burkett, Delbert (2002), An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of Christianity, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-00720-7
Horsley, Richard A., Whoever Hears You Hears Me: Prophets, Performance and Tradition in Q, Horsley, Richard A. and Draper, Jonathan A. (eds.), Trinity Press, 1999, ISBN 978-1-56338-272-7, "Recent Studies of Oral-Derived Literature and Q", pp. 150–74
Dunn, James D. G., Jesus Remembered, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2003, ISBN 978-0-8028-3931-2, "Oral Tradition", pp. 192–210
Mournet, Terence C., Oral Tradition and Literary Dependency: Variability and Stability in the Synoptic Tradition and Q, Mohr Siebeck, 2005, ISBN 978-3-16-148454-4, "A Brief History of the Problem of Oral Tradition", pp. 54–99
Loke 2017. Loke, Andrew Ter Ern (2017), The Origin of Divine Christology, vol. 169, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-108-19142-5
Loke 2017, p. 3. Loke, Andrew Ter Ern (2017), The Origin of Divine Christology, vol. 169, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-108-19142-5
Ehrman 2003. Ehrman, Bart D. (2003), Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-972712-4, LCCN 2003053097
Loke 2017, pp. 3–4. Loke, Andrew Ter Ern (2017), The Origin of Divine Christology, vol. 169, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-108-19142-5
Hurtado 2005, p. 650. Hurtado, Larry W. (2005), How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus, Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3
Hurtado 2005, p. 155. Hurtado, Larry W. (2005), How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus, Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3
Ehrman 2005, p. 187. Ehrman, Bart D. (2005) [2003]. "At Polar Ends of the Spectrum: Early Christian Ebionites and Marcionites". Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew. Oxford: Oxford University Pressvpages=95–112. ISBN 978-0-19-518249-1.
Dunn 2009, p. 297. Dunn, James D. G. (2009), Christianity in the Making: Beginning from Jerusalem, vol. 2, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8028-3932-9
Bokenkotter 2004, p. 18. Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004), A Concise History of the Catholic Church (Revised and expanded ed.), Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-50584-1
Ehrman 2012, pp. 87–90. Ehrman, Bart (2012), Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth, Harper Collins, ISBN 978-0-06-208994-6
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Duffy 2015, p. 3. Duffy, Eamon (13 January 2015) [1997]. Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes; Fourth Edition. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-20708-8.
Dunn 2009, p. 302. Dunn, James D. G. (2009), Christianity in the Making: Beginning from Jerusalem, vol. 2, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8028-3932-9
Dunn 2009, p. 308. Dunn, James D. G. (2009), Christianity in the Making: Beginning from Jerusalem, vol. 2, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8028-3932-9
Ronald Y.K. Fung as cited in John Piper; Wayne Grudem (2006). Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood: A Response to Evangelical Feminism. Crossway. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-4335-1918-5. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
Cross & Livingstone 2005, "Paul". Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A., eds. (2005), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd Revised ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3
Black, C. Clifton; Smith, D. Moody; Spivey, Robert A., eds. (2019) [1969]. "Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles". Anatomy of the New Testament (8th ed.). Minneapolis: Fortress Press. pp. 187–226. doi:10.2307/j.ctvcb5b9q.17. ISBN 978-1-5064-5711-6. OCLC 1082543536. S2CID 242771713.
Mack, Burton L. (1988), "The Congregations of the Christ", A Myth of Innocence: Mark and Christian Origins, Fortress Press, p. 98, ISBN 978-0-8006-2549-8
Hurtado 2005, pp. 156–157. Hurtado, Larry W. (2005), How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus, Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3
Hurtado 2005, p. 168. Hurtado, Larry W. (2005), How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus, Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3
Cross & Livingstone 2005, pp. 1243–1245. Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A., eds. (2005), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd Revised ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3
Bokenkotter 2004, pp. 19–21. Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004), A Concise History of the Catholic Church (Revised and expanded ed.), Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-50584-1
Hurtado 2005, pp. 162–165. Hurtado, Larry W. (2005), How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus, Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3
McGrath 2006, pp. 174–175. McGrath, Alister E. (2006), Christianity: An Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 1-4051-0899-1
Bokenkotter 2004, p. 19. Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004), A Concise History of the Catholic Church (Revised and expanded ed.), Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-50584-1
McGrath 2006, pp. 174–75. McGrath, Alister E. (2006), Christianity: An Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 1-4051-0899-1
Fredriksen 2018, pp. 10–11. Fredriksen, Paula (2018), When Christians Were Jews: The First Generation, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-19051-9
McGrath 2006, pp. 174–76. McGrath, Alister E. (2006), Christianity: An Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 1-4051-0899-1
Cross & Livingstone 2005, pp. 1244–1245. Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A., eds. (2005), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd Revised ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3
Hurtado 2005, p. 131. Hurtado, Larry W. (2005), How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus, Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3
Cross & Livingstone 2005, p. 1244. Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A., eds. (2005), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd Revised ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3
Burkett 2002, p. 263. Burkett, Delbert (2002), An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of Christianity, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-00720-7
Bart D. Ehrman (1997). The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings. Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-19-508481-8. The New Testament contains twenty-seven books, written in Greek, by fifteen or sixteen different authors, who were addressing other Christian individuals or communities between the years 50 and 120 (see box 1.4). As we will see, it is difficult to know whether any of these books was written by Jesus' own disciples.
Milavec 2003, p. vii. Milavec, Aaron (2003). The Didache: Faith, Hope, & Life of the Earliest Christian Communities, 50-70 C.E. Newman Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-0537-3.
Hurtado 2005, pp. 15, 38–39, 41–42. Hurtado, Larry W. (2005), How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Historical Questions about Earliest Devotion to Jesus, Grand Rapids, Michigan and Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-0-8028-2861-3

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Hodges, Frederick M. (2001). "The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme" (PDF). Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 75 (Fall 2001). Johns Hopkins University Press: 375–405. doi:10.1353/bhm.2001.0119. PMID 11568485. S2CID 29580193. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
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directionjournal.org

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doi.org

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Black, C. Clifton; Smith, D. Moody; Spivey, Robert A., eds. (2019) [1969]. "Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles". Anatomy of the New Testament (8th ed.). Minneapolis: Fortress Press. pp. 187–226. doi:10.2307/j.ctvcb5b9q.17. ISBN 978-1-5064-5711-6. OCLC 1082543536. S2CID 242771713.
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Hodges, Frederick M. (2001). "The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme" (PDF). Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 75 (Fall 2001). Johns Hopkins University Press: 375–405. doi:10.1353/bhm.2001.0119. PMID 11568485. S2CID 29580193. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
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published by J. P. Audet in JTS 1950, v1, pp. 135–54, cited in The Council of Jamnia and the Old Testament Canon Archived February 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Robert C. Newman, 1983.

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"Baptism". jewishencyclopedia.com.
"Liturgy". jewishencyclopedia.com.
Kohler, Kaufmann; Hirsch, Emil G.; Jacobs, Joseph; Friedenwald, Aaron; Broydé, Isaac. "Circumcision: In Apocryphal and Rabbinical Literature". Jewish Encyclopedia. Kopelman Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-03. Contact with Grecian life, especially at the games of the arena [which involved nudity], made this distinction obnoxious to the Hellenists, or antinationalists; and the consequence was their attempt to appear like the Greeks by epispasm ("making themselves foreskins"; I Macc. i. 15; Josephus, "Ant." xii. 5, § 1; Assumptio Mosis, viii.; I Cor. vii. 18; Tosef., Shab. xv. 9; Yeb. 72a, b; Yer. Peah i. 16b; Yeb. viii. 9a). All the more did the law-observing Jews defy the edict of Antiochus Epiphanes prohibiting circumcision (I Macc. i. 48, 60; ii. 46); and the Jewish women showed their loyalty to the Law, even at the risk of their lives, by themselves circumcising their sons.
"Rome". jewishencyclopedia.com.
"Fiscus Judaicus". jewishencyclopedia.com.

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Flusser, David. "Second Temple Period". Messiah. Encyclopaedia Judaica 2008 The Gale Group. Retrieved 2012-12-02.
Blidstein, Gerald J. (2008). "Messiah". Encyclopaedia Judaica. The Gale Group. Retrieved 2012-12-02 – via Jewish Virtual Library and.
"Christianity: Severance from Judaism". Jewish Virtual Library. AICE. 2008. Retrieved 2018-12-17.

jstor.org

Freeman, Charles (2010). "Breaking Away: The First Christianities". A New History of Early Christianity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 31–46. doi:10.12987/9780300166583. ISBN 978-0-300-12581-8. JSTOR j.ctt1nq44w. LCCN 2009012009. S2CID 170124789. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
Wilken 2013a. Wilken, Robert Louis (2013a). "Beginning in Jerusalem". The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 6–16. ISBN 978-0-300-11884-1. JSTOR j.ctt32bd7m. LCCN 2012021755. S2CID 160590164.
Bermejo-Rubio 2017. Bermejo-Rubio, Fernando (2017). Feldt, Laura; Valk, Ülo (eds.). "The Process of Jesus' Deification and Cognitive Dissonance Theory". Numen. 64 (2–3). Leiden: Brill Publishers: 119–152. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341457. eISSN 1568-5276. ISSN 0029-5973. JSTOR 44505332. S2CID 148616605.
Stendahl 1963. Stendahl, Krister (July 1963). "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West" (PDF). Harvard Theological Review. 56 (3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Harvard Divinity School: 199–215. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024779. ISSN 1475-4517. JSTOR 1508631. LCCN 09003793. S2CID 170331485. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-24. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
Decock, Paul B. (2008). "Jerome's turn to the Hebraica Veritas and his rejection of the traditional view of the Septuagint". Neotestamentica. 42 (2): 205–222. ISSN 0254-8356. JSTOR 43048677. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
Dunn, James D. G. (Autumn 1993). Reinhartz, Adele (ed.). "Echoes of Intra-Jewish Polemic in Paul's Letter to the Galatians". Journal of Biblical Literature. 112 (3). Society of Biblical Literature: 459–477. doi:10.2307/3267745. ISSN 0021-9231. JSTOR 3267745.

larryhurtado.wordpress.com

Larry Hurtado (August 17, 2017), "Paul, the Pagans' Apostle"
Larry Hurtado (December 4, 2018), {{"'When Christians were Jews": Paula Fredriksen on "The First Generation'"
Larry Hurtado, The Origin of "Divine Christology"?

leaderu.com

Craig

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Freeman, Charles (2010). "Breaking Away: The First Christianities". A New History of Early Christianity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 31–46. doi:10.12987/9780300166583. ISBN 978-0-300-12581-8. JSTOR j.ctt1nq44w. LCCN 2009012009. S2CID 170124789. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
Wilken 2013a. Wilken, Robert Louis (2013a). "Beginning in Jerusalem". The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 6–16. ISBN 978-0-300-11884-1. JSTOR j.ctt32bd7m. LCCN 2012021755. S2CID 160590164.
Ehrman 2003. Ehrman, Bart D. (2003), Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-972712-4, LCCN 2003053097
Stendahl 1963. Stendahl, Krister (July 1963). "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West" (PDF). Harvard Theological Review. 56 (3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Harvard Divinity School: 199–215. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024779. ISSN 1475-4517. JSTOR 1508631. LCCN 09003793. S2CID 170331485. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-24. Retrieved 2022-02-12.

newadvent.org

Catholic Encyclopedia: Proselyte: "The English term "proselyte" occurs only in the New Testament where it signifies a convert to the Jewish religion (Matthew 23:15; Acts 2:11; 6:5; etc.), though the same Greek word is commonly used in the Septuagint to designate a foreigner living in Judea. The term seems to have passed from an original local and chiefly political sense, in which it was used as early as 300 BC, to a technical and religious meaning in the Judaism of the New Testament epoch."
Catholic Encyclopedia: Judaizers see section titled: "The Incident at Antioch"
"Pope St. Clement I". newadvent.org.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hodges, Frederick M. (2001). "The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme" (PDF). Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 75 (Fall 2001). Johns Hopkins University Press: 375–405. doi:10.1353/bhm.2001.0119. PMID 11568485. S2CID 29580193. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
Rubin, Jody P. (July 1980). "Celsus' Decircumcision Operation: Medical and Historical Implications". Urology. 16 (1). Elsevier: 121–24. doi:10.1016/0090-4295(80)90354-4. PMID 6994325. Retrieved 2020-01-03.

oremus.org

bible.oremus.org

The Kingdom is described as both imminent (Mark 1:15) and already present in the ministry of Jesus (Luke 17:21) (Others interpret "Kingdom of God" to mean a way of living, or as a period of evangelization; no overall consensus among scholars has emerged on its meaning.^[66]^[67]) Jesus promises inclusion in the Kingdom for those who accept his message (Mark 10:13–27)
Acts 15 and Acts 21
See Why was Resurrection on "the Third Day"? Two Insights for explanations on the phrase "third day." According to Pinchas Lapide, "third day" may refer to Hosea 6:1–2:

"Come, let us return to the Lord;
for he has torn us, that he may heal us;
he has struck us down, and he will bind us up.
After two days he will revive us;
on the third day he will raise us up,
that we may live before him."

See also 2 Kings 20:8: "Hezekiah said to Isaiah, 'What shall be the sign that the Lord will heal me, and that I shall go up to the house of the Lord on the third day?'"
Four years after the Council of Jerusalem, Paul wrote to the Galatians about the issue, which had become a serious controversy in their region. There was a burgeoning movement of Judaizers in the area that advocated adherence to the Mosaic Law, including circumcision. According to McGrath, Paul identified James the Just as the motivating force behind the Judaizing movement. Paul considered it a great threat to his doctrine of salvation through faith and addressed the issue with great detail in Galatians 3.^[181]
Matt 24:34
Acts 11:26
Galatians 1:15–16, 2:7–9; Romans 11:13; 1 Timothy 2:7; 2 Timothy 1:11.
Acts 15:1
Acts 15
"1 Corinthians 15:3–15:41". oremus Bible Browser.

ourrabbijesus.com

See Why was Resurrection on "the Third Day"? Two Insights for explanations on the phrase "third day." According to Pinchas Lapide, "third day" may refer to Hosea 6:1–2:

"Come, let us return to the Lord;
for he has torn us, that he may heal us;
he has struck us down, and he will bind us up.
After two days he will revive us;
on the third day he will raise us up,
that we may live before him."

See also 2 Kings 20:8: "Hezekiah said to Isaiah, 'What shall be the sign that the Lord will heal me, and that I shall go up to the house of the Lord on the third day?'"

patheos.com

Jordan Cooper, E.P. Sanders and the New Perspective on Paul

religionfacts.com

"Persecution in the Early Church". Religion Facts. Archived from the original on 2014-03-25. Retrieved 2014-03-26.

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Stendahl 1963. Stendahl, Krister (July 1963). "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West" (PDF). Harvard Theological Review. 56 (3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Harvard Divinity School: 199–215. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024779. ISSN 1475-4517. JSTOR 1508631. LCCN 09003793. S2CID 170331485. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-24. Retrieved 2022-02-12.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Freeman, Charles (2010). "Breaking Away: The First Christianities". A New History of Early Christianity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 31–46. doi:10.12987/9780300166583. ISBN 978-0-300-12581-8. JSTOR j.ctt1nq44w. LCCN 2009012009. S2CID 170124789. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
Wilken 2013a. Wilken, Robert Louis (2013a). "Beginning in Jerusalem". The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 6–16. ISBN 978-0-300-11884-1. JSTOR j.ctt32bd7m. LCCN 2012021755. S2CID 160590164.
Lietaert Peerbolte, Bert Jan (2013). "How Antichrist Defeated Death: The Development of Christian Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Early Church". In Krans, Jan; Lietaert Peerbolte, L. J.; Smit, Peter-Ben; Zwiep, Arie W. (eds.). Paul, John, and Apocalyptic Eschatology: Studies in Honour of Martinus C. de Boer. Novum Testamentum: Supplements. Vol. 149. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 238–255. doi:10.1163/9789004250369_016. ISBN 978-90-04-25026-0. ISSN 0167-9732. S2CID 191738355. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
Smith 1969, p. 406. Smith, J. L. (September 1969). "Resurrection Faith Today" (PDF). Theological Studies. 30 (3): 393–419. doi:10.1177/004056396903000301. S2CID 59022803. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
Bermejo-Rubio 2017. Bermejo-Rubio, Fernando (2017). Feldt, Laura; Valk, Ülo (eds.). "The Process of Jesus' Deification and Cognitive Dissonance Theory". Numen. 64 (2–3). Leiden: Brill Publishers: 119–152. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341457. eISSN 1568-5276. ISSN 0029-5973. JSTOR 44505332. S2CID 148616605.
Black, C. Clifton; Smith, D. Moody; Spivey, Robert A., eds. (2019) [1969]. "Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles". Anatomy of the New Testament (8th ed.). Minneapolis: Fortress Press. pp. 187–226. doi:10.2307/j.ctvcb5b9q.17. ISBN 978-1-5064-5711-6. OCLC 1082543536. S2CID 242771713.
Stendahl 1963. Stendahl, Krister (July 1963). "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West" (PDF). Harvard Theological Review. 56 (3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Harvard Divinity School: 199–215. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024779. ISSN 1475-4517. JSTOR 1508631. LCCN 09003793. S2CID 170331485. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-24. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
Hodges, Frederick M. (2001). "The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme" (PDF). Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 75 (Fall 2001). Johns Hopkins University Press: 375–405. doi:10.1353/bhm.2001.0119. PMID 11568485. S2CID 29580193. Retrieved 2020-01-03.

theologicalstudies.net

cdn.theologicalstudies.net

Smith 1969, p. 406. Smith, J. L. (September 1969). "Resurrection Faith Today" (PDF). Theological Studies. 30 (3): 393–419. doi:10.1177/004056396903000301. S2CID 59022803. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2022-02-10.

uncc.edu

religiousstudies.uncc.edu

Tabor 1998. Tabor, James D. (1998), "Ancient Judaism: Nazarenes and Ebionites", The Jewish Roman World of Jesus, Department of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte

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Catholic Encyclopedia: Proselyte: "The English term "proselyte" occurs only in the New Testament where it signifies a convert to the Jewish religion (Matthew 23:15; Acts 2:11; 6:5; etc.), though the same Greek word is commonly used in the Septuagint to designate a foreigner living in Judea. The term seems to have passed from an original local and chiefly political sense, in which it was used as early as 300 BC, to a technical and religious meaning in the Judaism of the New Testament epoch."

web.archive.org

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wikisource.org

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The Kingdom is described as both imminent (Mark 1:15) and already present in the ministry of Jesus (Luke 17:21) (Others interpret "Kingdom of God" to mean a way of living, or as a period of evangelization; no overall consensus among scholars has emerged on its meaning.^[66]^[67]) Jesus promises inclusion in the Kingdom for those who accept his message (Mark 10:13–27)

worldcat.org

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Lietaert Peerbolte, Bert Jan (2013). "How Antichrist Defeated Death: The Development of Christian Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Early Church". In Krans, Jan; Lietaert Peerbolte, L. J.; Smit, Peter-Ben; Zwiep, Arie W. (eds.). Paul, John, and Apocalyptic Eschatology: Studies in Honour of Martinus C. de Boer. Novum Testamentum: Supplements. Vol. 149. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 238–255. doi:10.1163/9789004250369_016. ISBN 978-90-04-25026-0. ISSN 0167-9732. S2CID 191738355. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
Bermejo-Rubio 2017. Bermejo-Rubio, Fernando (2017). Feldt, Laura; Valk, Ülo (eds.). "The Process of Jesus' Deification and Cognitive Dissonance Theory". Numen. 64 (2–3). Leiden: Brill Publishers: 119–152. doi:10.1163/15685276-12341457. eISSN 1568-5276. ISSN 0029-5973. JSTOR 44505332. S2CID 148616605.
Hitchcock, James (2012). History of the Catholic Church : from the Apostolic Age to the Third Millennium. Ignatius Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-58617-664-8. OCLC 796754060.
Black, C. Clifton; Smith, D. Moody; Spivey, Robert A., eds. (2019) [1969]. "Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles". Anatomy of the New Testament (8th ed.). Minneapolis: Fortress Press. pp. 187–226. doi:10.2307/j.ctvcb5b9q.17. ISBN 978-1-5064-5711-6. OCLC 1082543536. S2CID 242771713.
Stendahl 1963. Stendahl, Krister (July 1963). "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West" (PDF). Harvard Theological Review. 56 (3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Harvard Divinity School: 199–215. doi:10.1017/S0017816000024779. ISSN 1475-4517. JSTOR 1508631. LCCN 09003793. S2CID 170331485. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-24. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
Decock, Paul B. (2008). "Jerome's turn to the Hebraica Veritas and his rejection of the traditional view of the Septuagint". Neotestamentica. 42 (2): 205–222. ISSN 0254-8356. JSTOR 43048677. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
Dunn, James D. G. (Autumn 1993). Reinhartz, Adele (ed.). "Echoes of Intra-Jewish Polemic in Paul's Letter to the Galatians". Journal of Biblical Literature. 112 (3). Society of Biblical Literature: 459–477. doi:10.2307/3267745. ISSN 0021-9231. JSTOR 3267745.

youtube.com

Martin, D. 2010. "The 'Afterlife' of the New Testament and Postmodern Interpretation" Archived 2016-06-08 at the Wayback Machine (lecture transcript Archived 2016-08-12 at the Wayback Machine). Yale University.

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