Cigarette (English Wikipedia)

Hoffmann D (March 1997). "The changing cigarette, 1950-1995". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 50 (4): 307–364. Bibcode:1997JTEHA..50..307H. doi:10.1080/009841097160393. PMID 9120872.
Bhatnagar A, Whitsel L, Ribisl K, Bullen C, Chaloupka F, Piano M, Robertson R, McAuley T, Goff D, Benowitz N (August 24, 2014). "Electronic Cigarettes: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association" (PDF). Circulation. 130 (16): 1418–1436. Bibcode:2014Circu.130.1418B. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000107. PMC 7643636. PMID 25156991. S2CID 16075813. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 14, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
Farsalinos KE, Spyrou A, Tsimopoulou K, Stefopoulos C, Romagna G, Voudris V (2014). "Nicotine absorption from electronic cigarette use: Comparison between first and new-generation devices". Scientific Reports. 4 4133. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4.4133F. doi:10.1038/srep04133. PMC 3935206. PMID 24569565.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (January 23, 2018). Stratton K, Kwan LY, Eaton DL (eds.). Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes (PDF). Bibcode:2018nap..book24952N. doi:10.17226/24952. ISBN 978-0-309-46834-3. PMID 29894118. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 27, 2018.
Fernández E, Ballbè M, Sureda X, Fu M, Saltó E, Martínez-Sánchez JM (2015). "Particulate Matter from Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Cigarettes: a Systematic Review and Observational Study". Current Environmental Health Reports. 2 (4): 423–9. Bibcode:2015CEHR....2..423F. doi:10.1007/s40572-015-0072-x. ISSN 2196-5412. PMID 26452675.
Rom O, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G, Reznick AZ (2014). "Are E-cigarettes a safe and good alternative to cigarette smoking?". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1340 (1): 65–74. Bibcode:2015NYASA1340...65R. doi:10.1111/nyas.12609. ISSN 0077-8923. PMID 25557889. S2CID 26187171.
Tompkins EM, McLuckie KI, Jones DJ, Farmer PB, Brown K (2009). "Mutagenicity of DNA adducts derived from ethylene oxide exposure in the pSP189 shuttle vector replicated in human Ad293 cells". Mutat. Res. 678 (2): 129–37. Bibcode:2009MRGTE.678..129T. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.05.011. PMID 19477295.
Fabiani R, Rosignoli P, De Bartolomeo A, Fuccelli R, Morozzi G (2007). "DNA-damaging ability of isoprene and isoprene mono-epoxide (EPOX I) in human cells evaluated with the comet assay". Mutat. Res. 629 (1): 7–13. Bibcode:2007MRGTE.629....7F. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.12.007. PMID 17317274.
Ng M, Freeman MK, Fleming TD, Robinson M, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Thomson B, Wollum A, Sanman E, Wulf S (January 8, 2014). "Smoking Prevalence and Cigarette Consumption in 187 Countries, 1980-2012". JAMA. 311 (2): 183–92. Bibcode:2014JAMA..311..183N. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284692. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 24399557.^{[permanent dead link]}

aljazeera.com (Global: 165^th place; English: 119^th place)

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archive-it.org (Global: 1,292^nd place; English: 869^th place)

wayback.archive-it.org

"WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Goodman, Jordan Elliot (1993). Tobacco in history: the cultures of dependence. New York: Routledge. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-415-04963-4.
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How Cigarettes Are Made: A Presentation by David E. Merrill [Parts 1- 2], retrieved November 26, 2025
Brandt AM (2007). The cigarette century: the rise, fall, and deadly persistence of the product that defined America. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 9780465070473. OCLC 71275531.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

"BBC News | HEALTH | Cigarettes 'cut life by 11 minutes'". news.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved November 26, 2025.
"BBC NEWS | England | Bristol | Retailers sell tobacco to youths". news.bbc.co.uk. September 2005. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. Retrieved November 26, 2025.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Roberts M (2014). "Smokers edge close to one billion". BBC News. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
"Tobacco firms challenge plain packaging rules". BBC News. December 10, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2025.

bloomberg.com (Global: 118^th place; English: 85^th place)

"Australia's Top Court Backs Plain-Pack Tobacco Laws". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2025.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Gilman SL, Zhou X (2004). Smoke: A Global History of Smoking. Reaktion Books. pp. 30–37. ISBN 978-1-86189-200-3.
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cancer.gov (Global: 1,906^th place; English: 1,649^th place)

"Secondhand Smoke and Cancer - National Cancer Institute". Cancer.gov. August 18, 2005. Archived from the original on March 25, 2012. Retrieved March 25, 2012.

cancer.org (Global: 4,631^st place; English: 3,828^th place)

"The Study That Helped Spur the U.S. Stop-Smoking Movement". www.cancer.org. Archived from the original on May 20, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
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cbc.ca (Global: 110^th place; English: 65^th place)

"A legal history of smoking in Canada". CBC News. November 9, 2012. Archived from the original on January 1, 2015. Retrieved December 29, 2014. On Jan. 19, 2005, The Supreme Court of Canada rules that Saskatchewan can reinstate a controversial law that forces store owners to keep tobacco products behind curtains or doors. The so-called "shower curtain law" was passed in 2002 to hide cigarettes from children, but was struck down a year later by an appeals court.

cdc.gov (Global: 251^st place; English: 248^th place)

"Outbreak of Lung Illness Associated with Using E-cigarette Products". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. January 28, 2020. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2019. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
"2014 SGR: The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 5, 2018. Archived from the original on December 1, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
"Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Facts". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. January 5, 2021. Archived from the original on August 19, 2022. Retrieved November 26, 2025.
"Cigarette Smoking Among Adults - United States, 2006". Cdc.gov. Archived from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2009.

cdlib.org (Global: 2,017^th place; English: 1,105^th place)

repositories.cdlib.org

Board (June 24, 2005). Proposed Identification of Environmental Tobacco Smoke as a Toxic Air Contaminant (Report). California Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved January 12, 2009 – via University of California San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.

channelnewsasia.com (Global: 1,005^th place; English: 573^rd place)

"Australia unveils tough new cigarette pack rules". Channel NewsAsia. April 7, 2011. Archived from the original on August 30, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2012.

chron.com (Global: 782^nd place; English: 402^nd place)

blog.chron.com

"The world litters 4.5 trillion cigarette butts a year. Can we stop this?". The Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014.

cnbc.com (Global: 303^rd place; English: 191^st place)

LaVito A (December 17, 2019). "FDA authorizes low-nicotine cigarettes by 22nd Century Group for public sale". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 19, 2019.

ctvnews.ca (Global: 779^th place; English: 408^th place)

"Penny for your butts? Vancouver group pushes cigarette-butt recycling plan". CTVNews. Archived from the original on July 6, 2015. Retrieved November 26, 2025.
"Ontario set to ban cigarette display cases". CTV News. April 20, 2008. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2009. The new ban prevents all tobacco products from being displayed in any way and prohibits customers from even touching them before they're paid for.

dawn.com (Global: 315^th place; English: 155^th place)

Junaidi I (October 2, 2015). "Enlarged health warning on cigarette packs delayed again". Archived from the original on June 1, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Butry DT, Thomas DS (2017). "Cigarette Fires Involving Upholstered Furniture in Residences: The Role that Smokers, Smoker Behavior, and Fire Standard Compliant Cigarettes Play". Fire Technology. 53 (3): 1123–1146. doi:10.1007/s10694-016-0621-3. PMC 5524378. PMID 28751788.
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Hoffmann D (March 1997). "The changing cigarette, 1950-1995". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 50 (4): 307–364. Bibcode:1997JTEHA..50..307H. doi:10.1080/009841097160393. PMID 9120872.
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Micevska T, Warne MS, Pablo F, Patra R (2005). "Variation in, and Causes of, Toxicity of Cigarette Butts to a Cladoceran and Microtox". Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 50 (2): 205–212. doi:10.1007/s00244-004-0132-y. PMID 16328625. S2CID 26207468.
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wsj.com (Global: 94^th place; English: 66^th place)

O'Connell V (April 23, 2004). "U.S. Suit Alleges Philip Morris Hid Cigarette-Fire Risk - WSJ". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2025.

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