Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021)" in English language version.
The Geneva Declaration Secretariat, which closely examined data from armed conflicts occurring in the period of 2004-2007, suggests that, 'a reasonable average estimate would be a ratio of four indirect deaths to one direct death in contemporary conflicts.' If we use this ratio, the ongoing war in Afghanistan is perhaps responsible for as many as an additional 7 indirect deaths.
