Class action (English Wikipedia)

Klauser, Alexander (24 February 2006). Group litigation in Austria (PDF). Effective Legal Redress – The Consumer Protection Instruments of Actions for Injunction and Group Damages Action. Vienna, Austria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-08-11. Retrieved 2006-07-29.

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von Mehren, Arthur T.; Murray, Peter L. (2007). Law in the United States (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 182. ISBN 9781139462198.
Coffee, John C. (2015). Entrepreneurial Litigation: Its Rise, Fall, and Future. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780674736795.
Sullivan, E. Thomas (2009). Complex Litigation. LexisNexis. p. 441. ISBN 978-1422411469. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
Bahe-Jachna, Ruth A. (2010). "Chapter 3.B: Numerosity, Commonality, and Typicality". In Greer, Marcy Hogan (ed.). A Practitioner's Guide to Class Actions. Chicago: American Bar Association. pp. 57–68. ISBN 9781604429558. Retrieved May 8, 2025. (At p. 57.)
Bahe-Jachna, Ruth A. (2010). "Chapter 3.B: Numerosity, Commonality, and Typicality". In Greer, Marcy Hogan (ed.). A Practitioner's Guide to Class Actions. Chicago: American Bar Association. pp. 57–68. ISBN 9781604429558. Retrieved May 8, 2025. (At p. 58.)

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Webber, David H. (2012). "The Plight of the Individual Investor". Northwestern University Law Review. 106: 181. Retrieved 21 November 2019. (Quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(3) (emphasis added)).

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"Sachstand WD 7 –3000/070 –12" (PDF) (in German). Deutscher Bundestag: Wissenschaftliche Dienste. 2012-03-19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2019-10-20.

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"Class Action Italia, Dalle origini ad oggi". ". : : Class Action : :". Archived from the original on 2008-02-12. Retrieved 2007-12-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

classactionprofessor.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rubenstein, William B. "Understanding the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005" (PDF) (briefing paper). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2006-11-02. Retrieved 2013-10-03.

claytonutz.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Clark, Stuart; Loveday, Colin (2004). "Class Actions in Australia – An Overnew" (PDF). Clayton Utz. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2 October 2015.

communityclassaction.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Class Action Community". Archived 2010-01-31 at the Wayback Machine

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"Class Action". Wex Legal Dictionary. 2007-08-06. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
Class Action Fairness Act (§ 1712). U.S.C. Vol. 28. 2005.
28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(2)
"Rule 23. Class Actions". Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute. February 28, 1966. Retrieved April 15, 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Yeazell, Stephen C. (1987). From Medieval Group Litigation to the Modern Class Action. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt2250x10. ISBN 9780300037760. JSTOR j.ctt2250x10. OCLC 15549646.
Fitzpatrick, Brian T. (2010-12-01). "An Empirical Study of Class Action Settlements and Their Fee Awards". Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. 7 (4): 811–846. doi:10.1111/j.1740-1461.2010.01196.x. ISSN 1740-1461. S2CID 4611237.
Molavi, Michael (26 July 2023). "Collective Legal Mobilisation: Exploring Class Actions in Sweden and Canada". Nordic Journal of Human Rights. 42 (1): 32–51. doi:10.1080/18918131.2023.2229697.
Barroilhet, Agustin (2016-05-27). "Self-interested gatekeeping? Clashes between public and private enforcers in two Chilean class actions". Class Actions in Context. Edward Elgar. pp. 362–384. doi:10.4337/9781783470440.00027. ISBN 9781783470440.
Guseva, Yuliya (2017). "Russian Capital Markets and Shareholder Litigation: Quo Vadis?". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3073811. ISSN 1556-5068.
Mulheron, Rachael (2017). "The United Kingdom's New Opt-Out Class Action". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 37 (4): 814–843. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqx016.
Miller, Scott D. (1984). "Certification of Defendant Classes under Rule 23(b)(2)". Columbia Law Review. 84 (5): 1371–1401. doi:10.2307/1122354. JSTOR 1122354.

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Shen, Francis X. (January 2010). "The Overlooked Utility of the Defendant Class Action". Denver University Law Review. 88 (1): 73.

eci.nic.in (Global: 364^th place; English: 196^th place)

Shah, M. B. (2 May 2002). "Union of India vs. Association for Democratic Reforms & Another" (PDF). Supreme Court of India Judgement on Civil Appeal No. 7178 of 2001.

elgaronline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Barroilhet, Agustin (2016-05-27). "Self-interested gatekeeping? Clashes between public and private enforcers in two Chilean class actions". Class Actions in Context. Edward Elgar. pp. 362–384. doi:10.4337/9781783470440.00027. ISBN 9781783470440.

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"Rule 23". Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Retrieved 2016-01-11.

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"FindLaw Class Action and Mass Tort Center: Legal Research: Cohelan on California Class Actions". Classaction.findlaw.com. 1966-07-01. Archived from the original on 2006-02-06. Retrieved 2013-10-03.

gesetze-im-internet.de (Global: 1,764^th place; English: 5,286^th place)

"Zivilprozessordnung § 147 Prozessverbindung". Bundesministerium der Justiz (in German). Retrieved 2025-01-03.

globalnews.ca (Global: 1,016^th place; English: 518^th place)

Lau, Rebecca (11 December 2022). "Late Mi'kmaw activist Nora Bernard recommended as new name for Halifax's Cornwallis Street". Global News. Global News. Retrieved 16 December 2024.

gov.uk (Global: 401^st place; English: 228^th place)

"List of group litigation orders". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2025-01-25.

gpo.gov (Global: 1,819^th place; English: 1,036^th place)

frwebgate.access.gpo.gov

"Class Action Fairness Act Public Law 109-2, 119 Stat. 4". United States Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 2013-10-03.

instituteforlegalreform.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Do Class Actions Benefit Class Members?". www.instituteforlegalreform.com. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 2016-01-17.

irishlegal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

McKeown, Andrew (31 January 2020). "Chief Justice launches report on litigation funding and class actions". Irish Legal News. Retrieved 17 August 2020.

irishtimes.com (Global: 252^nd place; English: 133^rd place)

Boland, James (12 October 2018). "Revisiting the potential of class actions". The Irish Times. Retrieved 17 August 2020.

jamesholmeslaw.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ethical Issues In Class Action Settlements" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2013-10-03.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Yeazell, Stephen C. (1987). From Medieval Group Litigation to the Modern Class Action. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt2250x10. ISBN 9780300037760. JSTOR j.ctt2250x10. OCLC 15549646.
Miller, Scott D. (1984). "Certification of Defendant Classes under Rule 23(b)(2)". Columbia Law Review. 84 (5): 1371–1401. doi:10.2307/1122354. JSTOR 1122354.

justia.com (Global: 673^rd place; English: 333^rd place)

supreme.justia.com

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 564 U.S. 338 (2011).

justice.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,443^rd place)

"CPR, Part 19". Ministry of Justice. 2024-04-06. Retrieved 2025-01-25.

karmayog.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Introduction to Public Interest Litigation". Karmayog. Archived from the original on 2013-10-05. Retrieved 2013-10-04.

kollektiverrechtsschutz.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"KapMuG-Verfahren" [KapMuG proceedings]. Kollektiver Rechtsschutz (in German). Retrieved 2021-05-30.

latercera.com (Global: 822^nd place; English: 1,817^th place)

"BancoEstado devolverá US$12 millones a clientes por cobro de comisiones en cuentas de ahorro". La Tercera (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2016-10-25.

law.harvard.edu (Global: 4,438^th place; English: 3,142^nd place)

corpgov.law.harvard.edu

Grundfest, Joseph A. (September 2019). "The Limits of Delaware Corporate Law: Internal Affairs, Federal Forum Provisions, and Sciabacucchi". Harvard Law School on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation.

lawsociety.ie (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Law firms excluded from EU consumer class actions". Law Society Gazette. 4 January 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2020.

legalserviceindia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"PIL A Boon Or A Bane". Legal Service India. Retrieved 2013-10-04.

legifrance.gouv.fr (Global: 148^th place; English: 731^st place)

LOI n° 2014-344 du 17 mars 2014 relative à la consommation (in French), March 17, 2014, retrieved 2017-12-12

legislation.gov.uk (Global: 728^th place; English: 375^th place)

Scottish Parliament. Civil Litigation (Expenses and Group Proceedings) (Scotland) Act 2018 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.

lexology.com (Global: low place; English: 6,907^th place)

McClusky, Aoife; McClements, April (28 May 2019). "Class action procedure in Ireland". Lexology. Law Business Research. Retrieved 17 August 2020.

manhattan-institute.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Richard Epstein, "Class Actions: The Need for a Hard Second Look"

mfiles.pl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pozew zbiorowy – Encyklopedia Zarządzania". mfiles.pl. Retrieved 2025-01-26.

michiganlawreview.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Giles M. (2005). Opting Out of Liability Archived 2009-04-02 at the Wayback Machine. Michigan Law Review.

natlawreview.com (Global: low place; English: 5,683^rd place)

"The Legislation Enacting Virginia's New Class Action Statute Should Be Amended to Protect Virginia Businesses from In Terrorem Statutory Damages". The National Law Review. March 7, 2024. Retrieved April 15, 2024.

newyorker.com (Global: 191^st place; English: 122^nd place)

Larson, Sarah (2023-09-04). "The Lies in Your Grocery Store". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2024-10-04.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Silver-greenberg, Jessica; Gebeloff, Robert (2015-10-31). "Arbitration Everywhere, Stacking the Deck of Justice". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2015-11-15. Retrieved 2015-10-31.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

academic.oup.com

Mulheron, Rachael (2017). "The United Kingdom's New Opt-Out Class Action". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 37 (4): 814–843. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqx016.

pointoflaw.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Jim Copland, "Class Actions"

prospect.org (Global: 7,630^th place; English: 4,173^rd place)

"Unintended Precedents". The American Prospect. February 28, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2018.

questia.com (Global: 1,682^nd place; English: 967^th place)

Grundfest, Joseph A. (September 22, 2015). "Morrison, the Restricted Scope of Securities Act Section 11 Liability, and Prospects for Regulatory Reform". Journal of Corporation Law. 41 (1): 38. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

Stempel, Jonathan (27 March 2013). "Supreme Court rules for Comcast in class action". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2024.

scotcourts.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Group Proceedings | Scottish Courts". Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service. Retrieved 2025-01-25.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Fitzpatrick, Brian T. (2010-12-01). "An Empirical Study of Class Action Settlements and Their Fee Awards". Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. 7 (4): 811–846. doi:10.1111/j.1740-1461.2010.01196.x. ISSN 1740-1461. S2CID 4611237.

slatergordon.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Slater and Gordon announces launch of New Zealand class action against ANZ". Slater and Gordon. 18 June 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2015.

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

papers.ssrn.com

Barroilhet, Agustin (2012-01-30). "Class Actions in Chile". Law & Business Review of the Americas. 18 (275). Rochester, New York. SSRN 1995906.

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

globalclassactions.stanford.edu

"Class Actions in Chile: Update". Global Class Actions Exchange. Archived from the original on 2021-10-25. Retrieved 2016-10-25.

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"CITIC Trust_FIC_Order_PACER.pdf" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-10-08.(registration required)

stuff.co.nz (Global: 387^th place; English: 194^th place)

Meadows, Richard (11 March 2013). "Thousands sign up for bank class action". Stuff.co.nz. Fairfax Digital. Retrieved 12 March 2013.

supremecourt.gov (Global: 3,581^st place; English: 1,811^th place)

Slack v. Prani, Supreme Court of the United States (2023).

tcpaworld.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Troutman, Eric J. (September 18, 2020). "Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals Holds that Incentive Payments Commonly Awarded to Class Representatives are Impermissible in a Classwide Settlement". TCPA World. Retrieved September 19, 2020.

tedioli.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"art. 140 bis" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-10-05. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
"Italy introduces consumer class actions". www.tedioli.com. 2009-04-21. Retrieved 2025-07-13.
"La class action nel codice di procedura civile" (in Italian). Studio legale Tedioli. December 10, 2019.

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uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com

"Class/collective actions in Ireland: overview". Practical Law. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
Collins, Niall; Johnston, Peter; Gilvarry, Ailbhe; Farrell, Kevin (1 December 2019). "Class/collective actions in Ireland: overview". Practical Law. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 17 August 2020.

uscourts.gov (Global: 2,525^th place; English: 1,257^th place)

jpml.uscourts.gov

Heyburn, John G. II. "A View from the Panel: Part of the Solution" (PDF). Tulane Law Review. 82: 2225–2331. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-12.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Giles M. (2005). Opting Out of Liability Archived 2009-04-02 at the Wayback Machine. Michigan Law Review.
Stempel, Jonathan (27 March 2013). "Supreme Court rules for Comcast in class action". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
Silver-greenberg, Jessica; Gebeloff, Robert (2015-10-31). "Arbitration Everywhere, Stacking the Deck of Justice". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2015-11-15. Retrieved 2015-10-31.
Association of Trial Lawyers of America, Class Action Press Kit Archived 2006-12-03 at the Wayback Machine
"FindLaw Class Action and Mass Tort Center: Legal Research: Cohelan on California Class Actions". Classaction.findlaw.com. 1966-07-01. Archived from the original on 2006-02-06. Retrieved 2013-10-03.
Michael Greve, "Harm-Less Lawsuits? What's Wrong with Consumer Class Actions" Archived 2009-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
"Ethical Issues In Class Action Settlements" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2013-10-03.
"Parishioners Notified of Class Action". Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon. August 18, 2005. Archived from the original on January 6, 2009.
Clark, Stuart; Loveday, Colin (2004). "Class Actions in Australia – An Overnew" (PDF). Clayton Utz. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
Klauser, Alexander (24 February 2006). Group litigation in Austria (PDF). Effective Legal Redress – The Consumer Protection Instruments of Actions for Injunction and Group Damages Action. Vienna, Austria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-08-11. Retrieved 2006-07-29.
"Class Actions in Chile: Update". Global Class Actions Exchange. Archived from the original on 2021-10-25. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
"Sachstand WD 7 –3000/070 –12" (PDF) (in German). Deutscher Bundestag: Wissenschaftliche Dienste. 2012-03-19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-10-20. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
"Introduction to Public Interest Litigation". Karmayog. Archived from the original on 2013-10-05. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
"Our Achievements". ADR. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
"art. 140 bis" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-10-05. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
"Class Action Italia, Dalle origini ad oggi". ". : : Class Action : :". Archived from the original on 2008-02-12. Retrieved 2007-12-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"Class Action Community". Archived 2010-01-31 at the Wayback Machine
"CITIC Trust_FIC_Order_PACER.pdf" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-10-08.(registration required)
Grundfest, Joseph A. (September 22, 2015). "Morrison, the Restricted Scope of Securities Act Section 11 Liability, and Prospects for Regulatory Reform". Journal of Corporation Law. 41 (1): 38. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
"Bloomberg Industry Group". Bloomberg Industry. Archived from the original on 2024-05-15. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
Rubenstein, William B. "Understanding the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005" (PDF) (briefing paper). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2006-11-02. Retrieved 2013-10-03.
Heyburn, John G. II. "A View from the Panel: Part of the Solution" (PDF). Tulane Law Review. 82: 2225–2331. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-12.

winston.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Yoshino, Troy M.; Labi, Suzanne (2023-11-27). "Class Actions 101: An Introduction to UK Collective Actions and How They Differ from US Class Actions". Class Action Insider. Winston & Strawn. Retrieved 2024-01-11.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Yeazell, Stephen C. (1987). From Medieval Group Litigation to the Modern Class Action. New Haven: Yale University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt2250x10. ISBN 9780300037760. JSTOR j.ctt2250x10. OCLC 15549646.
Silver-greenberg, Jessica; Gebeloff, Robert (2015-10-31). "Arbitration Everywhere, Stacking the Deck of Justice". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2015-11-15. Retrieved 2015-10-31.
Fitzpatrick, Brian T. (2010-12-01). "An Empirical Study of Class Action Settlements and Their Fee Awards". Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. 7 (4): 811–846. doi:10.1111/j.1740-1461.2010.01196.x. ISSN 1740-1461. S2CID 4611237.
Larson, Sarah (2023-09-04). "The Lies in Your Grocery Store". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
Guseva, Yuliya (2017). "Russian Capital Markets and Shareholder Litigation: Quo Vadis?". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3073811. ISSN 1556-5068.

Class action (English Wikipedia)

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findlaw.com (Global: 2,070^th place; English: 1,114^th place)

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justia.com (Global: 673^rd place; English: 333^rd place)

justice.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: 8,443^rd place)

latercera.com (Global: 822^nd place; English: 1,817^th place)

law.harvard.edu (Global: 4,438^th place; English: 3,142^nd place)

legifrance.gouv.fr (Global: 148^th place; English: 731^st place)

legislation.gov.uk (Global: 728^th place; English: 375^th place)

lexology.com (Global: low place; English: 6,907^th place)

natlawreview.com (Global: low place; English: 5,683^rd place)

newyorker.com (Global: 191^st place; English: 122^nd place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

prospect.org (Global: 7,630^th place; English: 4,173^rd place)

questia.com (Global: 1,682^nd place; English: 967^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

stuff.co.nz (Global: 387^th place; English: 194^th place)

supremecourt.gov (Global: 3,581^st place; English: 1,811^th place)

thomsonreuters.com (Global: 6,695^th place; English: 4,050^th place)

uscourts.gov (Global: 2,525^th place; English: 1,257^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)