Clostridioides difficile (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Clostridioides difficile" in English language version.

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archive.org

Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 322–4. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0.

asm.org

journals.asm.org

Di Bella S, Sanson G, Monticelli J, Zerbato V, Principe L, Giuffrè M, et al. (February 29, 2024). Staley C (ed.). "Clostridioides difficile infection: history, epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, and future options". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 37 (2). Mayuresh Abhyankar: e0013523. doi:10.1128/cmr.00135-23. ISSN 0893-8512. PMID 38421181. Archived from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.

bbc.com

"Bleach does not kill common superbug, study finds". BBC News. November 22, 2023. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Prévot AR (1938). "Études de systématique bactérienne. IV. Critique de la conception actuelle du genre Clostridium". Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. 61 (1): 84. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2018.

cdc.gov

"Clostridioides difficile Infection | HAI | CDC". www.cdc.gov. January 2, 2020. Archived from the original on March 8, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
"Clostridium difficile Infection Information for Patients". Health-care Associated Infections (HAI). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
"Could you have deadly diarrhea (C. Diff)?". January 4, 2019. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017.

doi.org

Hall IC, O'toole E (1935). "Intestinal flora in new-born infants: with a description of a new pathogenic anaerobe, Bacillus difficilis". American Journal of Diseases of Children. 49 (2): 390–402. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1935.01970020105010.
Drewes JL, Chen J, Markham NO, Knippel RJ, Domingue JC, Tam AJ, et al. (August 2022). "Human Colon Cancer-Derived Clostridioides difficile Strains Drive Colonic Tumorigenesis in Mice". Cancer Discovery. 12 (8): 1873–1885. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1273. PMC 9357196. PMID 35678528.
Moreno MA, Furtner F, Rivara FP (June 2013). "Clostridium difficile: a cause of diarrhea in children". JAMA Pediatrics. 167 (6): 592. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2551. PMID 23733223.
Kordus SL, Thomas AK, Lacy DB (May 2022). "Clostridioides difficile toxins: mechanisms of action and antitoxin therapeutics". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 20 (5): 285–298. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00660-2. PMC 9018519. PMID 34837014.
Eyre DW, Cule ML, Wilson DJ, Griffiths D, Vaughan A, O'Connor L, et al. (September 2013). "Diverse sources of C. difficile infection identified on whole-genome sequencing". The New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (13): 1195–1205. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1216064. PMC 3868928. PMID 24066741.
Guh AY, Adkins SH, Li Q, Bulens SN, Farley MM, Smith Z, et al. (October 1, 2017). "Risk Factors for Community-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults: A Case-Control Study". Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 4 (4): ofx171. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx171. PMC 5903408. PMID 29732377.
Brown KA, Khanafer N, Daneman N, Fisman DN (May 2013). "Meta-analysis of antibiotics and the risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 57 (5): 2326–2332. doi:10.1128/AAC.02176-12. PMC 3632900. PMID 23478961.
Rafey A, Jahan S, Farooq U, Akhtar F, Irshad M, Nizamuddin S, et al. (May 2023). "Antibiotics Associated With Clostridium difficile Infection". Cureus. 15 (5): e39029. doi:10.7759/cureus.39029. PMC 10266117. PMID 37323360.
McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Stamm WE (September 1990). "Risk factors for Clostridium difficile carriage and C. difficile-associated diarrhea in a cohort of hospitalized patients". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 162 (3): 678–684. doi:10.1093/infdis/162.3.678. PMID 2387993.
McFarland LV, Mulligan ME, Kwok RY, Stamm WE (January 1989). "Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection". The New England Journal of Medicine. 320 (4): 204–210. doi:10.1056/NEJM198901263200402. PMID 2911306.
VanInsberghe D, Elsherbini JA, Varian B, Poutahidis T, Erdman S, Polz MF (April 2020). "Diarrhoeal events can trigger long-term Clostridium difficile colonization with recurrent blooms". Nature Microbiology. 5 (4): 642–650. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0668-2. PMID 32042128. S2CID 211074075.
Eyre DW, Griffiths D, Vaughan A, Golubchik T, Acharya M, O'Connor L, et al. (November 12, 2013). Chang YF (ed.). "Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonisation and onward transmission". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78445. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878445E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078445. PMC 3827041. PMID 24265690.
Oren A, Garrity GM (September 2017). "List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 67 (9): 3140–3143. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.002278. PMC 5817221. PMID 28891789.
Lawson PA, Citron DM, Tyrrell KL, Finegold SM (August 2016). "Reclassification of Clostridium difficile as Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938". Anaerobe. 40: 95–99. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.06.008. PMID 27370902.
Zhu D, Sorg JA, Sun X (2018). "Clostridioides difficile Biology: Sporulation, Germination, and Corresponding Therapies for C. difficile Infection". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 8: 29. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00029. PMC 5809512. PMID 29473021.
Galperin MY, Brover V, Tolstoy I, Yutin N (December 2016). "Phylogenomic analysis of the family Peptostreptococcaceae (Clostridium cluster XI) and proposal for reclassification of Clostridium litorale (Fendrich et al. 1991) and Eubacterium acidaminophilum (Zindel et al. 1989) as Peptoclostridium litorale gen. nov. comb. nov. and Peptoclostridium acidaminophilum comb. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 66 (12): 5506–5513. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001548. PMC 5244501. PMID 27902180.
Di Bella S, Ascenzi P, Siarakas S, Petrosillo N, di Masi A (May 2016). "Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B: Insights into Pathogenic Properties and Extraintestinal Effects". Toxins. 8 (5): 134. doi:10.3390/toxins8050134. PMC 4885049. PMID 27153087.
Just I, Selzer J, von Eichel-Streiber C, Aktories K (March 1995). "The low molecular mass GTP-binding protein Rho is affected by toxin A from Clostridium difficile". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 95 (3): 1026–1031. doi:10.1172/JCI117747. PMC 441436. PMID 7883950.
Barth H, Aktories K, Popoff MR, Stiles BG (September 2004). "Binary bacterial toxins: biochemistry, biology, and applications of common Clostridium and Bacillus proteins". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 68 (3): 373–402, table of contents. doi:10.1128/MMBR.68.3.373-402.2004. PMC 515256. PMID 15353562.
"The chemical weapon that helps bacterium wreak havoc in the gut". Nature. 561 (7723): 288. September 14, 2018. Bibcode:2018Natur.561S.288.. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-06650-4. S2CID 52297840. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
Loo VG, Poirier L, Miller MA, Oughton M, Libman MD, Michaud S, et al. (December 2005). "A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality". The New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (23): 2442–2449. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa051639. PMID 16322602. S2CID 14818750.
McDonald LC (August 2005). "Clostridium difficile: responding to a new threat from an old enemy". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 26 (8): 672–675. doi:10.1086/502600. PMID 16156321.
Banawas SS (February 21, 2018). "Clostridium difficile Infections: A Global Overview of Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Mechanisms". BioMed Research International. 2018: 8414257. doi:10.1155/2018/8414257. PMC 5841113. PMID 29682562.
Rashid T, Haghighi F, Hasan I, Bassères E, Alam MJ, Sharma SV, et al. (December 2019). "Activity of Hospital Disinfectants against Vegetative Cells and Spores of Clostridioides difficile Embedded in Biofilms". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 64 (1). doi:10.1128/AAC.01031-19. PMC 7187568. PMID 31611365.
Di Bella S, Sanson G, Monticelli J, Zerbato V, Principe L, Giuffrè M, et al. (February 29, 2024). Staley C (ed.). "Clostridioides difficile infection: history, epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, and future options". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 37 (2). Mayuresh Abhyankar: e0013523. doi:10.1128/cmr.00135-23. ISSN 0893-8512. PMID 38421181. Archived from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
Oliveira PH, Ribis JW, Garrett EM, Trzilova D, Kim A, Sekulovic O, et al. (January 2020). "Epigenomic characterization of Clostridioides difficile finds a conserved DNA methyltransferase that mediates sporulation and pathogenesis". Nature Microbiology. 5 (1): 166–180. doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0613-4. PMC 6925328. PMID 31768029.
Gould LH, Limbago B (September 2010). "Clostridium difficile in food and domestic animals: a new foodborne pathogen?". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 51 (5): 577–582. doi:10.1086/655692. PMID 20642351.
Smits WK, Lyras D, Lacy DB, Wilcox MH, and Kuijper EJ (April 7, 2017). "Clostridium difficile infection". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2: 16020. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.20. PMC 5453186. PMID 27158839.
Lessa FC, Gould CV, McDonald LC (August 1, 2012). "Current Status of Clostridium difficile Infection Epidemiology". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 55 (Suppl 2): S65 – S70. doi:10.1093/cid/cis319. PMC 3388017. PMID 22752867.
Cymbal M, Chatterjee A, Baggott B, Auron M (March 2024). "Management of Clostridioides difficile infection: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Perspectives". Am J Med. 137 (7): 571–576. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.03.024. PMID 38508330.
Monaghan TM, Negm OH, MacKenzie B, Hamed MR, Shone CC, Humphreys DP, et al. (July 2017). "High prevalence of subclass-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins in adult cystic fibrosis sera: possible mode of immunoprotection against symptomatic C. difficile infection". Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. 10: 169–175. doi:10.2147/CEG.S133939. PMC 5525456. PMID 28765714.
Wullt M, Norén T, Ljungh A, Åkerlund T (September 2012). "IgG antibody response to toxins A and B in patients with Clostridium difficile infection". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 19 (9): 1552–1554. doi:10.1128/CVI.00210-12. PMC 3428380. PMID 22787196.
Cook L, Rees WD, Wong MQ, Kwok WW, Levings MK, Steiner TS (March 2021). "Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Is Associated With Impaired T Helper Type 17 Immunity to C difficile Toxin B". Gastroenterology. 160 (4): 1410–1413.e4. doi:10.1053/J.GASTRO.2020.11.043. PMID 33253683.
Bocchetti M, Ferraro MG, Melisi F, Grisolia P, Scrima M, Cossu AM, et al. (June 2023). "Overview of current detection methods and microRNA potential in Clostridioides difficile infection screening". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 29 (22): 3385–3399. doi:10.3748/wjg.v29.i22.3385. PMC 10303512. PMID 37389232.
Cook L, Rees WD, Wong MQ, Peters H, Levings MK, Steiner TS (May 2021). "Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Enhances Adaptive Immunity to C difficile Toxin B". Gastroenterology. 160 (6): 2155–2158.e4. doi:10.1053/J.GASTRO.2021.01.009. hdl:11343/289863. PMID 33444574. S2CID 231611318.
Cribas ES, Denny JE, Maslanka JR, Abt MC (April 16, 2021). "Loss of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Signaling Promotes IL-22-Dependent Host Defenses against Acute Clostridioides difficile Infection". Infection and Immunity. 89 (5): e00730–20. doi:10.1128/IAI.00730-20. ISSN 1098-5522. PMC 8091099. PMID 33649048.
Rupnik M, Wilcox MH, Gerding DN (July 2009). "Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 7 (7): 526–536. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2164. PMID 19528959. S2CID 23376891.
McDonald LC, Gerding DN, Johnson S, Bakken JS, Carroll KC, Coffin SE, et al. (March 2018). "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 66 (7): e1 – e48. doi:10.1093/cid/cix1085. PMC 6018983. PMID 29462280.
Mullane KM, Miller MA, Weiss K, Lentnek A, Golan Y, Sears PS, et al. (September 2011). "Efficacy of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin as therapy for Clostridium difficile infection in individuals taking concomitant antibiotics for other concurrent infections". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 53 (5): 440–447. doi:10.1093/cid/cir404. PMC 3156139. PMID 21844027.
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, Tarr PI, Steiner TS, Kotloff K, et al. (November 2017). "2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 65 (12): e45 – e80. doi:10.1093/cid/cix669. PMC 5850553. PMID 29053792.
Song JH, Kim YS (January 2019). "Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: Risk Factors, Treatment, and Prevention". Gut and Liver. 13 (1): 16–24. doi:10.5009/gnl18071. PMC 6346998. PMID 30400734.
Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG, Ananthakrishnan AN, Curry SR, Gilligan PH, et al. (April 2013). "Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 108 (4): 478–98, quiz 499. doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.4. PMID 23439232. S2CID 54629762.
van Prehn J, Reigadas E, Vogelzang EH, Bouza E, Hristea A, Guery B, et al. (December 2021). "European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: 2021 update on the treatment guidance document for Clostridioides difficile infection in adults" (PDF). Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 27 (Suppl 2): S1 – S21. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.09.038. PMID 34678515. S2CID 239473944.
Di Bella S, Nisii C, Petrosillo N (July 2015). "Is tigecycline a suitable option for Clostridium difficile infection? Evidence from the literature". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 46 (1): 8–12. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.03.012. PMID 25982915.
Giacobbe DR, Dettori S, Di Bella S, Vena A, Granata G, Luzzati R, et al. (September 2020). "Bezlotoxumab for Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Narrative Review from Pathophysiology to Clinical Studies". Infectious Diseases and Therapy. 9 (3): 481–494. doi:10.1007/s40121-020-00314-5. PMC 7452994. PMID 32632582.
AKAGAWA S, AKAGAWA Y, YAMANOUCHI S, KIMATA T, TSUJI S, KANEKO K (August 25, 2020). "Development of the gut microbiota and dysbiosis in children". Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health. 40 (1): 12–18. doi:10.12938/bmfh.2020-034. PMC 7817514. PMID 33520564.
Chen T, Zhou Q, Zhang D, Jiang F, Wu J, Zhou JY, et al. (May 2018). "Effect of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies". Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. 12 (6): 710–717. doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy031. PMID 29528385. S2CID 3841585.
Littmann ER, Lee JJ, Denny JE, Alam Z, Maslanka JR, Zarin I, et al. (February 2, 2021). "Host immunity modulates the efficacy of microbiota transplantation for treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 755. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12..755L. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20793-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7854624. PMID 33531483.
Stewart DB, Berg A, Hegarty J (January 2013). "Predicting Recurrence of C. difficile Colitis Using Bacterial Virulence Factors: Binary Toxin Is the Key". Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 17 (1): 118–125. doi:10.1007/s11605-012-2056-6. PMID 23086451. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
Burke KE, Lamont JT (January 29, 2014). "Clostridium difficile Infection: A Worldwide Disease". Gut Liver. 8 (1): 1–6. doi:10.5009/gnl.2014.8.1.1. PMC 3916678. PMID 24516694.
Tschudin-Sutter S, Kuijper EJ, Durovic A, Vehreschild MJ, Barbut F, Eckert C, et al. (October 2018). "Guidance document for prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in acute healthcare settings". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 24 (10): 1051–1054. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.020. PMID 29505879.
Jassem AN, Prystajecky N, Marra F, Kibsey P, Tan K, Umlandt P, et al. (March 29, 2016). "Characterization of Clostridium difficile Strains in British Columbia, Canada: A Shift from NAP1 Majority (2008) to Novel Strain Types (2013) in One Region". The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology. 2016: 8207418. doi:10.1155/2016/8207418. PMC 4904575. PMID 27366181.
Collins J, Robinson C, Danhof H, Knetsch CW, van Leeuwen HC, Lawley TD, et al. (January 2018). "Dietary trehalose enhances virulence of epidemic Clostridium difficile". Nature. 553 (7688): 291–294. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..291C. doi:10.1038/nature25178. PMC 5984069. PMID 29310122.
Sebaihia M, Wren BW, Mullany P, Fairweather NF, Minton N, Stabler R, et al. (July 2006). "The multidrug-resistant human pathogen Clostridium difficile has a highly mobile, mosaic genome". Nature Genetics. 38 (7): 779–786. doi:10.1038/ng1830.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)
He M, Sebaihia M, Lawley TD, Stabler RA, Dawson LF, Martin MJ, et al. (April 2010). "Evolutionary dynamics of Clostridium difficile over short and long time scales". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (16): 7527–7532. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.7527H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914322107. PMC 2867753. PMID 20368420.
Didelot X, Eyre DW, Cule M, Ip CL, Ansari MA, Griffiths D, et al. (December 2012). "Microevolutionary analysis of Clostridium difficile genomes to investigate transmission". Genome Biology. 13 (12): R118. doi:10.1186/gb-2012-13-12-r118. PMC 4056369. PMID 23259504.
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dsmz.de

lpsn.dsmz.de

Page Species: Clostridioides difficile on "LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature". Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen. Archived from the original on November 8, 2022. Retrieved November 8, 2022.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Stewart DB, Berg A, Hegarty J (January 2013). "Predicting Recurrence of C. difficile Colitis Using Bacterial Virulence Factors: Binary Toxin Is the Key". Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 17 (1): 118–125. doi:10.1007/s11605-012-2056-6. PMID 23086451. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Cook L, Rees WD, Wong MQ, Peters H, Levings MK, Steiner TS (May 2021). "Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Enhances Adaptive Immunity to C difficile Toxin B". Gastroenterology. 160 (6): 2155–2158.e4. doi:10.1053/J.GASTRO.2021.01.009. hdl:11343/289863. PMID 33444574. S2CID 231611318.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Eyre DW, Griffiths D, Vaughan A, Golubchik T, Acharya M, O'Connor L, et al. (November 12, 2013). Chang YF (ed.). "Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonisation and onward transmission". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78445. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878445E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078445. PMC 3827041. PMID 24265690.
"The chemical weapon that helps bacterium wreak havoc in the gut". Nature. 561 (7723): 288. September 14, 2018. Bibcode:2018Natur.561S.288.. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-06650-4. S2CID 52297840. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
Littmann ER, Lee JJ, Denny JE, Alam Z, Maslanka JR, Zarin I, et al. (February 2, 2021). "Host immunity modulates the efficacy of microbiota transplantation for treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 755. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12..755L. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20793-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7854624. PMID 33531483.
Collins J, Robinson C, Danhof H, Knetsch CW, van Leeuwen HC, Lawley TD, et al. (January 2018). "Dietary trehalose enhances virulence of epidemic Clostridium difficile". Nature. 553 (7688): 291–294. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..291C. doi:10.1038/nature25178. PMC 5984069. PMID 29310122.
He M, Sebaihia M, Lawley TD, Stabler RA, Dawson LF, Martin MJ, et al. (April 2010). "Evolutionary dynamics of Clostridium difficile over short and long time scales". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (16): 7527–7532. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.7527H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914322107. PMC 2867753. PMID 20368420.

iapm.ca

Scientists map C. difficile strain Archived May 22, 2022, at the Wayback Machine – Institute of Public Affairs, Montreal

nature.com

"The chemical weapon that helps bacterium wreak havoc in the gut". Nature. 561 (7723): 288. September 14, 2018. Bibcode:2018Natur.561S.288.. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-06650-4. S2CID 52297840. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Drewes JL, Chen J, Markham NO, Knippel RJ, Domingue JC, Tam AJ, et al. (August 2022). "Human Colon Cancer-Derived Clostridioides difficile Strains Drive Colonic Tumorigenesis in Mice". Cancer Discovery. 12 (8): 1873–1885. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1273. PMC 9357196. PMID 35678528.
Moreno MA, Furtner F, Rivara FP (June 2013). "Clostridium difficile: a cause of diarrhea in children". JAMA Pediatrics. 167 (6): 592. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2551. PMID 23733223.
Kordus SL, Thomas AK, Lacy DB (May 2022). "Clostridioides difficile toxins: mechanisms of action and antitoxin therapeutics". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 20 (5): 285–298. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00660-2. PMC 9018519. PMID 34837014.
Eyre DW, Cule ML, Wilson DJ, Griffiths D, Vaughan A, O'Connor L, et al. (September 2013). "Diverse sources of C. difficile infection identified on whole-genome sequencing". The New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (13): 1195–1205. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1216064. PMC 3868928. PMID 24066741.
Guh AY, Adkins SH, Li Q, Bulens SN, Farley MM, Smith Z, et al. (October 1, 2017). "Risk Factors for Community-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults: A Case-Control Study". Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 4 (4): ofx171. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx171. PMC 5903408. PMID 29732377.
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Giacobbe DR, Dettori S, Di Bella S, Vena A, Granata G, Luzzati R, et al. (September 2020). "Bezlotoxumab for Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Narrative Review from Pathophysiology to Clinical Studies". Infectious Diseases and Therapy. 9 (3): 481–494. doi:10.1007/s40121-020-00314-5. PMC 7452994. PMID 32632582.
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