Lessa FC, Mu Y, Bamberg WM, Beldavs ZG, Dumyati GK, Dunn JR, et al. (February 2015). "Burden of Clostridium difficile infection in the United States". The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (9): 825–34. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1408913. hdl:11603/29071. PMID25714160. S2CID20441835.
Bomers MK, Menke FP, Savage RS, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, van Agtmael MA, Covington JA, et al. (April 2015). "Rapid, accurate, and on-site detection of C. difficile in stool samples". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 110 (4): 588–94. doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.90. PMID25823766. S2CID3051623.
Katz DA, Lynch ME, Littenberg B (May 1996). "Clinical prediction rules to optimize cytotoxin testing for Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients with diarrhea". The American Journal of Medicine. 100 (5): 487–95. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(95)00016-X. PMID8644759.
Clabots CR, Johnson S, Olson MM, Peterson LR, Gerding DN (September 1992). "Acquisition of Clostridium difficile by hospitalized patients: evidence for colonized new admissions as a source of infection". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 166 (3): 561–7. doi:10.1093/infdis/166.3.561. PMID1323621.
Halsey J (April 2008). "Current and future treatment modalities for Clostridium difficile-associated disease". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 65 (8): 705–15. doi:10.2146/ajhp070077. PMID18387898.
Deshpande A, Pasupuleti V, Patel P, Ajani G, Hall G, Hu B, et al. (August 2011). "Repeat stool testing to diagnose Clostridium difficile infection using enzyme immunoassay does not increase diagnostic yield". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 9 (8): 665–669.e1. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.04.030. PMID21635969.
Johnston BC, Ma SS, Goldenberg JZ, Thorlund K, Vandvik PO, Loeb M, et al. (December 2012). "Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 157 (12): 878–88. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00563. PMID23362517. S2CID72364505.
Boyce JM, Havill NL, Otter JA, McDonald LC, Adams NM, Cooper T, et al. (August 2008). "Impact of hydrogen peroxide vapor room decontamination on Clostridium difficile environmental contamination and transmission in a healthcare setting". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 29 (8): 723–729. doi:10.1086/589906. PMID18636950. S2CID25070569.
Manian FA, Griesnauer S, Bryant A (June 2013). "Implementation of hospital-wide enhanced terminal cleaning of targeted patient rooms and its impact on endemic Clostridium difficile infection rates". American Journal of Infection Control. 41 (6): 537–41. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.06.014. PMID23219675.
Crawford T, Huesgen E, Danziger L (June 2012). "Fidaxomicin: a novel macrocyclic antibiotic for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 69 (11): 933–43. doi:10.2146/ajhp110371. PMID22610025.
Rao K, Malani PN (March 2020). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection in Adults in 2020". JAMA. 323 (14): 1403–1404. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.3849. PMID32150234. S2CID212638928.
Bauer MP, van Dissel JT, Kuijper EJ (December 2009). "Clostridium difficile: controversies and approaches to management". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 22 (6): 517–24. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833229ce. PMID19738464. S2CID24040330.
Pillai A, Nelson R (January 2008). Pillai A (ed.). "Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD004611. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004611.pub2. PMID18254055.
Osman KA, Ahmed MH, Hamad MA, Mathur D (October 2011). "Emergency colectomy for fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis: Striking the right balance". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 46 (10): 1222–7. doi:10.3109/00365521.2011.605469. PMID21843039. S2CID27187695.
Kelly CP, LaMont JT (October 2008). "Clostridium difficile--more difficult than ever". The New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (18): 1932–40. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0707500. PMID18971494.
Rohlke, F., & Stollman, N. (2012). Fecal microbiota transplantation in relapsing Clostridium difficile infection. Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, 5(6), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283X12453637
Cole, S. A., & Stahl, T. J. (2015). Persistent and Recurrent Clostridium difficile Colitis. Clinics in colon and rectal surgery, 28(2), 65–69. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1547333
Dieterle, M. G., Rao, K., & Young, V. B. (2019). Novel therapies and preventative strategies for primary and recurrent Clostridium difficile infections. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1435(1), 110–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13958
Kelly CP, LaMont JT (October 2008). "Clostridium difficile--more difficult than ever". The New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (18): 1932–40. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0707500. PMID18971494.
Lessa FC, Mu Y, Bamberg WM, Beldavs ZG, Dumyati GK, Dunn JR, et al. (February 2015). "Burden of Clostridium difficile infection in the United States". The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (9): 825–34. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1408913. hdl:11603/29071. PMID25714160. S2CID20441835.
"Merck Newsroom Home". Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016., FDA Approves Merck's ZINPLAVA (bezlotoxumab) to Reduce Recurrence of Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) in Adult Patients Receiving Antibacterial Drug Treatment for CDI Who Are at High Risk of CDI Recurrence
Cawley K. "Difficilis". Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
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Butler M, Olson A, Drekonja D, Shaukat A, Schwehr N, Shippee N, et al. (March 2016). "Early Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Clostridium difficile: Update". AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews.: vi, 1. PMID27148613.
Lessa FC, Mu Y, Bamberg WM, Beldavs ZG, Dumyati GK, Dunn JR, et al. (February 2015). "Burden of Clostridium difficile infection in the United States". The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (9): 825–34. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1408913. hdl:11603/29071. PMID25714160. S2CID20441835.
Bomers MK, Menke FP, Savage RS, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, van Agtmael MA, Covington JA, et al. (April 2015). "Rapid, accurate, and on-site detection of C. difficile in stool samples". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 110 (4): 588–94. doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.90. PMID25823766. S2CID3051623.
Katz DA, Lynch ME, Littenberg B (May 1996). "Clinical prediction rules to optimize cytotoxin testing for Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients with diarrhea". The American Journal of Medicine. 100 (5): 487–95. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(95)00016-X. PMID8644759.
Clabots CR, Johnson S, Olson MM, Peterson LR, Gerding DN (September 1992). "Acquisition of Clostridium difficile by hospitalized patients: evidence for colonized new admissions as a source of infection". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 166 (3): 561–7. doi:10.1093/infdis/166.3.561. PMID1323621.
Halsey J (April 2008). "Current and future treatment modalities for Clostridium difficile-associated disease". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 65 (8): 705–15. doi:10.2146/ajhp070077. PMID18387898.
Deshpande A, Pasupuleti V, Patel P, Ajani G, Hall G, Hu B, et al. (August 2011). "Repeat stool testing to diagnose Clostridium difficile infection using enzyme immunoassay does not increase diagnostic yield". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 9 (8): 665–669.e1. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.04.030. PMID21635969.
Johnston BC, Ma SS, Goldenberg JZ, Thorlund K, Vandvik PO, Loeb M, et al. (December 2012). "Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 157 (12): 878–88. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00563. PMID23362517. S2CID72364505.
Boyce JM, Havill NL, Otter JA, McDonald LC, Adams NM, Cooper T, et al. (August 2008). "Impact of hydrogen peroxide vapor room decontamination on Clostridium difficile environmental contamination and transmission in a healthcare setting". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 29 (8): 723–729. doi:10.1086/589906. PMID18636950. S2CID25070569.
Manian FA, Griesnauer S, Bryant A (June 2013). "Implementation of hospital-wide enhanced terminal cleaning of targeted patient rooms and its impact on endemic Clostridium difficile infection rates". American Journal of Infection Control. 41 (6): 537–41. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.06.014. PMID23219675.
Crawford T, Huesgen E, Danziger L (June 2012). "Fidaxomicin: a novel macrocyclic antibiotic for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 69 (11): 933–43. doi:10.2146/ajhp110371. PMID22610025.
Rao K, Malani PN (March 2020). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection in Adults in 2020". JAMA. 323 (14): 1403–1404. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.3849. PMID32150234. S2CID212638928.
Bauer MP, van Dissel JT, Kuijper EJ (December 2009). "Clostridium difficile: controversies and approaches to management". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 22 (6): 517–24. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833229ce. PMID19738464. S2CID24040330.
Pillai A, Nelson R (January 2008). Pillai A (ed.). "Probiotics for treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated colitis in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD004611. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004611.pub2. PMID18254055.
Wilkins T, Sequoia J (August 2017). "Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Summary of the Evidence". American Family Physician. 96 (3): 170–178. PMID28762696. however, there are conflicting results for C. difficile infection.
Osman KA, Ahmed MH, Hamad MA, Mathur D (October 2011). "Emergency colectomy for fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis: Striking the right balance". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 46 (10): 1222–7. doi:10.3109/00365521.2011.605469. PMID21843039. S2CID27187695.
Kelly CP, LaMont JT (October 2008). "Clostridium difficile--more difficult than ever". The New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (18): 1932–40. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0707500. PMID18971494.
Kelly CP, LaMont JT (October 2008). "Clostridium difficile--more difficult than ever". The New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (18): 1932–40. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0707500. PMID18971494.
Lawson PA, Citron DM, Tyrrell KL, Finegold SM (August 2016). "Reclassification of Clostridium difficile as Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938". Anaerobe. 40: 95–9. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.06.008. PMID27370902.
Larson HE, Price AB, Honour P, Borriello SP (May 1978). "Clostridium difficile and the aetiology of pseudomembranous colitis". Lancet. 1 (8073): 1063–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(78)90912-1. PMID77366. S2CID2502330.
Lessa FC, Mu Y, Bamberg WM, Beldavs ZG, Dumyati GK, Dunn JR, et al. (February 2015). "Burden of Clostridium difficile infection in the United States". The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (9): 825–34. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1408913. hdl:11603/29071. PMID25714160. S2CID20441835.
Bomers MK, Menke FP, Savage RS, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, van Agtmael MA, Covington JA, et al. (April 2015). "Rapid, accurate, and on-site detection of C. difficile in stool samples". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 110 (4): 588–94. doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.90. PMID25823766. S2CID3051623.
Johnston BC, Ma SS, Goldenberg JZ, Thorlund K, Vandvik PO, Loeb M, et al. (December 2012). "Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 157 (12): 878–88. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00563. PMID23362517. S2CID72364505.
Boyce JM, Havill NL, Otter JA, McDonald LC, Adams NM, Cooper T, et al. (August 2008). "Impact of hydrogen peroxide vapor room decontamination on Clostridium difficile environmental contamination and transmission in a healthcare setting". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 29 (8): 723–729. doi:10.1086/589906. PMID18636950. S2CID25070569.
Bauer MP, van Dissel JT, Kuijper EJ (December 2009). "Clostridium difficile: controversies and approaches to management". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 22 (6): 517–24. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833229ce. PMID19738464. S2CID24040330.
Osman KA, Ahmed MH, Hamad MA, Mathur D (October 2011). "Emergency colectomy for fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis: Striking the right balance". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 46 (10): 1222–7. doi:10.3109/00365521.2011.605469. PMID21843039. S2CID27187695.
Larson HE, Price AB, Honour P, Borriello SP (May 1978). "Clostridium difficile and the aetiology of pseudomembranous colitis". Lancet. 1 (8073): 1063–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(78)90912-1. PMID77366. S2CID2502330.
Barlow A, Muhleman M, Gielecki J, Matusz P, Tubbs RS, Loukas M (October 2013). "The vermiform appendix: a review". Clinical Anatomy. 26 (7): 833–42. doi:10.1002/ca.22269. PMID23716128. S2CID30463711.
"Merck Newsroom Home". Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016., FDA Approves Merck's ZINPLAVA (bezlotoxumab) to Reduce Recurrence of Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) in Adult Patients Receiving Antibacterial Drug Treatment for CDI Who Are at High Risk of CDI Recurrence