Code-switching (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Code-switching" in English language version.

Last modified: 05:33:10, 19 October 2026 (UTC)

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bath.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,153^rd place)

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Terry, J.M.; Hendrick, R.; Evangelou, E.; Smith, R.L. (October 2010). "Variable dialect switching among African American children: Inferences about working memory" (PDF). Lingua. 120 (10): 2463–2475. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2010.04.013.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Gumperz, John J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-28896-5. Archived from the original on 2019-04-07. Retrieved 2018-08-09.
Clyne, Michael (2000). "Constraints on code-switching: how universal are they?". In Li Wei (ed.). The Bilingualism Reader. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-21335-6.
McClure, Erica (2001). "Oral and Written Assyrian-English Code-switching Archived 2019-04-07 at the Wayback Machine." In Rodolfo Jacobson. Codeswitching Worldwide II. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001. pg 166. Print.
Azuma, Shoji (1990). "Word Order vs. Word Class: Portmanteau Sentences in Bilinguals". In Hoji, Hajime; Clancy, Patricia (eds.). Japanese/Korean Linguistics: Volume 2. Center for the Study of Language (CSLI). ISBN 978-1-881526-14-8.
Chan, Brian Hok-Shing (21 December 2015). "Portmanteau Constructions, Phrase Structure, and Linearization". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 1851. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01851. PMC 4685654. PMID 26733894. The term 'portmanteau' is supposed to refer to 'blends' originally (e.g., 'smog' that is blended from 'smoke' and 'fog'). Portmanteau constructions in code-switching obviously do not refer to such lexical blends but they are more like 'syntactic blends' (e.g., SVOV is blended from SVO and SOV).; anthologized in: Alexiadou, Artemis; Lohndal, Terje, eds. (31 October 2016). The Grammar of Multilingualism. Frontiers Media SA. p. 99. ISBN 978-2-88945-012-1.
Aitchison, Jean (2001). Language Change: Progress Or Decay?. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79535-7.
Myers-Scotton, Carol (1993). Social Motivations for Codeswitching: Evidence from Africa. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN 978-0-19-823923-9. Archived from the original on 2019-04-07. Retrieved 2018-08-09.
Blom, Jan-Petter; John J. Gumperz (1972). "Social meaning in linguistic structures: Code switching in northern Norway". In J. J. Gumperz; D. Hymes (eds.). Directions in Sociolinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. ISBN 978-0-415-21335-6.
Washington, Julie A.; Patton Terry, Nicole; Seidenberg, Mark S. (2013). "Language variation and literacy learning: The case of African American English". In Stone, C. Addison; Silliman, Elaine R.; Ehren, Barbara J.; Wallach, Geraldine P. (eds.). Handbook of Language and Literacy: Development and Disorders. Guilford Publications. pp. 204–221. ISBN 978-1-4625-1201-0.
Johnston, Elva (15 August 2013). Literacy and Identity in Early Medieval Ireland. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-855-5 – via Google Books.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"code-switching". Britannica.

coe.int (Global: 777^th place; English: 802^nd place)

"Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR)". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2022-11-16.
"Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR)". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2022-11-16.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

"Code-switching". Oxford English Dictionary (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OED/9205364123. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
Goldstein, Brian; Kohnert, Kathryn (July 2005). "Speech, language, and hearing in developing bilingual children: current findings and future directions". Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. 36 (3): 264–267. doi:10.1044/0161-1461(2005/026). PMID 16175889.
- Gutierrez-Clellen, V. (1999). "Language choice in intervention with bilingual children". American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. 8 (4): 291–302. doi:10.1044/1058-0360.0804.291.
- Debose, Charles E. (1992). "Codeswitching: Black English and standard English in the African-American linguistic repertoire". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 13 (1–2): 157–167. doi:10.1080/01434632.1992.9994489.
- Kanngieser, Anja (2012). "A sonic geography of voice: Towards an affective politics". Progress in Human Geography. 36 (3): 336–353. doi:10.1177/0309132511423969.
- Torres, Lourdes (2007). "In the Contact Zone: Code-Switching Strategies by Latino/a Writers". MELUS. 32 (1): 75–96. doi:10.1093/melus/32.1.75.
- Crystal, David (2018). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. pp. 374–375. doi:10.1017/9781108528931. ISBN 978-1-108-52893-1.
- Gutiérrez, John R. (September 1985). "John Amastae and Lucía Elías-olivares (eds.), Spanish in the United States: Sociolinguistic aspects. Cambridge University Press, 1982. Pp. 434". Language in Society. 14 (3): 395–398. doi:10.1017/S0047404500011350.
- Poplack, Shana; David Sankoff (1984). "Borrowing: the synchrony of integration". Linguistics. 22 (269): 99–136. doi:10.1515/ling.1984.22.1.99. hdl:10315/2840.
- Giles, Howard; Edwards, America L.; Walther, Joseph B. (September 2023). "Communication accommodation theory: Past accomplishments, current trends, and future prospects". Language Sciences. 99 101571. doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101571.
- Otheguy, Ricardo; García, Ofelia; Reid, Wallis (2015). "Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named languages: A perspective from linguistics". Applied Linguistics Review. 6 (3): 281–307. doi:10.1515/applirev-2015-0014.
- Bokamba, Eyamba G. (1989). "Are there syntactic constraints on code-mixing?". World Englishes. 8 (3): 277–92. doi:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1989.tb00669.x.
- Genesee, Fred (2020). "Early bilingual language development: One language or two?". The Bilingualism Reader. pp. 320–335. doi:10.4324/9781003060406-30. ISBN 978-1-003-06040-6.
- Treffers-Daller, Jeanine (2009). "Code-switching and transfer". The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Code-switching. pp. 58–74. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511576331.005. ISBN 978-0-511-57633-1.
- Brice, A.E. (2015). "Multilingual Language Development". International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 2. pp. 57–64. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.23126-7. ISBN 978-0-08-097087-5.
- Henderson Lee, Sarah (September 2014). "Code-Meshing as World English: Pedagogy, Policy, PracticeVershawnAshanti Young & Aja Y.Martinez (Eds.). Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English, 2011". TESOL Journal. 5 (3): 551–554. doi:10.1002/tesj.163.
- Lau, Charles (2020-04-30). Sha, Mandy (ed.). Language differences between interviewers and respondents in African surveys (Chapter 5) in The Essential Role of Language in Survey Research. RTI Press. pp. 101–115. doi:10.3768/rtipress.bk.0023.2004. ISBN 978-1-934831-24-3. Archived from the original on 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
- Hult, F. M. (2014). "Covert Bilingualism and Symbolic Competence: Analytical Reflections on Negotiating Insider/Outsider Positionality in Swedish Speech Situations". Applied Linguistics. 35 (1): 63–81. doi:10.1093/applin/amt003.
- Myers-Scotton, Carol (1989). "Codeswitching with English: types of switching, types of communities". World Englishes. 8 (3): 333–346. doi:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1989.tb00673.x.
- Aburqayiq, Asma Mohammad Hussein; Altakhaineh, Abdel Rahman Mitib; Alsariera, Anas Hashem (26 April 2025). "Code-mixing between Arabic and English among Jordanians on social media". Cogent Social Sciences. 11 2491705. doi:10.1080/23311886.2025.2491705.
- Chan, Brian Hok-Shing (21 December 2015). "Portmanteau Constructions, Phrase Structure, and Linearization". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 1851. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01851. PMC 4685654. PMID 26733894. The term 'portmanteau' is supposed to refer to 'blends' originally (e.g., 'smog' that is blended from 'smoke' and 'fog'). Portmanteau constructions in code-switching obviously do not refer to such lexical blends but they are more like 'syntactic blends' (e.g., SVOV is blended from SVO and SOV).; anthologized in: Alexiadou, Artemis; Lohndal, Terje, eds. (31 October 2016). The Grammar of Multilingualism. Frontiers Media SA. p. 99. ISBN 978-2-88945-012-1.
- Toribio, Almeida Jacqueline (December 2001). "On the emergence of bilingual code-switching competence". Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 4 (3): 203–231. doi:10.1017/S1366728901000414.
- Hancock, Mark (1997). "Behind classroom code switching: Layering and language choice in L2 learner interaction". TESOL Quarterly. 31 (2): 217–235. doi:10.2307/3588045. JSTOR 3588045.
- Cahyani, Hilda; de Courcy, Michele; Barnett, Jenny (19 May 2018). "Teachers' code-switching in bilingual classrooms: exploring pedagogical and sociocultural functions". International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 21 (4): 465–479. doi:10.1080/13670050.2016.1189509.
- Gonzales, Grace Cornell; Machado, Emily (May 2022). "Taking the Leap: Supporting Multilingual Writers Through Translanguaging". The Reading Teacher. 75 (6): 685–692. doi:10.1002/trtr.2097. JSTOR 27364463.
- Lee, Ena; Marshall, Steve (February 2012). "Multilingualism and English language usage in 'weird' and 'funny' times: a case study of transnational youth in Vancouver". International Journal of Multilingualism. 9 (1): 65–82. doi:10.1080/14790718.2011.595795.
- García, Paula B.; Leibold, Lori; Buss, Emily; Calandruccio, Lauren; Rodriguez, Barbara (19 September 2018). "Code-Switching in Highly Proficient Spanish/English Bilingual Adults: Impact on Masked Word Recognition". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 61 (9): 2353–2363. doi:10.1044/2018_JSLHR-H-17-0399. PMC 6195050. PMID 30076419.
- Hughes, Claire E.; Shaunessy, Elizabeth S.; Brice, Alejandro R.; Ratliff, Mary Anne; McHatton, Patricia Alvarez (September 2006). "Code Switching among Bilingual and Limited English Proficient Students: Possible Indicators of Giftedness". Journal for the Education of the Gifted. 30 (1): 7–28. doi:10.1177/016235320603000102.
- Williams-Farrier, Bonnie J. (December 2017). "'Talkin' bout Good & Bad' Pedagogies: Code-Switching vs. Comparative Rhetorical Approaches". College Composition & Communication. 69 (2): 230–259. doi:10.58680/ccc201729418. JSTOR 44783614.
- Canagarajah, Suresh (2011). "Codemeshing in academic writing: Identifying teachable strategies of translanguaging". The Modern Language Journal. 95 (3): 401–417. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01207.x.
- "Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) on languages". Immigration and Membership Politics in Western Europe. 2014. p. 243. doi:10.1017/cbo9781107477865.010. ISBN 978-1-107-47786-5.
- Nurhamidah, N.; Fauziati, Endang; Supriyadi, Slamet (7 December 2018). "Code-Switching in EFL Classroom: Is It Good or Bad?". Journal of English Education. 3 (2): 78–88. doi:10.31327/jee.v3i2.861 (inactive 17 October 2026).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2026 (link)
- Giles, Howard; Edwards, America L.; Walther, Joseph B. (September 2023). "Communication accommodation theory: Past accomplishments, current trends, and future prospects". Language Sciences. 99 101571. doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101571.
- Goldstein, Brian; Kohnert, Kathryn (July 2005). "Speech, language, and hearing in developing bilingual children: current findings and future directions". Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. 36 (3): 264–267. doi:10.1044/0161-1461(2005/026). PMID 16175889.
  - Gutierrez-Clellen, Vera F. (November 1999). "Language Choice in Intervention With Bilingual Children". American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. 8 (4): 291–302. doi:10.1044/1058-0360.0804.291.
  - Reznicek-Parrado, Lina M. (31 December 2015). "'Spanglish': Bringing the academic debate into the classroom. Towards critical pedagogy in Spanish heritage instruction". EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages. 2 (2): 50–66. doi:10.21283/2376905x.3.51.
  - Antonio Martínez, Ramón (1 November 2010). "Spanglish as Literacy Tool: Toward an Understanding of the Potential Role of Spanish-English Code-Switching in the Development of Academic Literacy". Research in the Teaching of English. 45 (2): 124–149. doi:10.58680/rte201012743.
  - Anzaldúa, Gloria (2023). "How to Tame a Wild Tongue". The Border Reader. pp. 628–638. doi:10.1215/9781478027195-026. ISBN 978-1-4780-2719-5.
  - Liebscher, Grit; Dailey-O'Cain, Jennifer (June 2005). "Learner Code-Switching in the Content-Based Foreign Language Classroom". The Modern Language Journal. 89 (2): 234–247. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2005.00277.x.
  - Henderson, Kathryn I.; Ingram, Mitch (3 July 2018). "'Mister, you're writing in Spanglish': Fostering spaces for meaning making and metalinguistic connections through teacher translanguaging shifts in the bilingual classroom". Bilingual Research Journal. 41 (3): 253–271. doi:10.1080/15235882.2018.1481894.
  - Ticheloven, Anouk; Blom, Elma; Leseman, Paul; McMonagle, Sarah (3 July 2021). "Translanguaging challenges in multilingual classrooms: scholar, teacher and student perspectives" (PDF). International Journal of Multilingualism. 18 (3): 491–514. doi:10.1080/14790718.2019.1686002.
  - Gort, Mileidis (December 2006). "Strategic codeswitching, interliteracy, and other phenomena of emergent bilingual writing: Lessons from first grade dual language classrooms". Journal of Early Childhood Literacy. 6 (3): 323–354. doi:10.1177/1468798406069796.
  - Medhin Mekuria, Markos; Mohammed, Nuru (31 January 2025). "Examining the Impact of Code-Switching on Students' Paragraph Writing in EFL Classrooms". JELITA. 6 (1): 204–218. doi:10.56185/jelita.v6i1.861.
  - Gort, Mileidis (2012). "Code-Switching Patterns in the Writing-Related Talk of Young Emergent Bilinguals". Journal of Literacy Research. 44: 45–75. doi:10.1177/1086296X11431626.
  - Grosjean, François (January 1989). "Neurolinguists, beware! The bilingual is not two monolinguals in one person". Brain and Language. 36 (1): 3–15. doi:10.1016/0093-934x(89)90048-5. PMID 2465057.
  - Velasco, Patricia; García, Ofelia (2 January 2014). "Translanguaging and the Writing of Bilingual Learners". Bilingual Research Journal. 37 (1): 6–23. doi:10.1080/15235882.2014.893270.
  - Sawyer, Adam; Rodríguez-Valls, Fernando/Ferran (3 September 2023). "'I found comfort in Spanglish:' translanguaging and the linguistic experiences of bilingual teacher candidates in rural California". Language and Education. 37 (5): 651–670. doi:10.1080/09500782.2023.2232764.
  - Shapiro, Shawna (2021). Cultivating Critical Language Awareness in the Writing Classroom. doi:10.4324/9781003171751. ISBN 978-1-003-17175-1.^{[page needed]}
  - Feldman, Laurie Beth; Srinivasan, Vidhushini; Fernandes, Rachel B.; Shaikh, Samira (August 2021). "Insights into codeswitching from online communication: Effects of language preference and conditions arising from vocabulary richness". Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 24 (4): 791–797. doi:10.1017/S1366728921000122.
  - Heller, Monica (1992). "The politics of codeswitching and language choice". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 13 (1–2): 123–142. doi:10.1080/01434632.1992.9994487.
  - Pujolar, Joan (2001). Gender, Heteroglossia and Power. doi:10.1515/9783110809121. hdl:10609/119766. ISBN 978-3-11-016797-9.^{[page needed]}
  - Sebba, Mark; Wooton, Tony (1998). "We, They and Identity: Sequential Versus Identity-Related Explanation in Code Switching". In P. Auer (ed.). Code-Switching in Conversation: Language, Interaction, and Identity. London: Routledge. pp. 262–86. doi:10.4324/9780203017883-13 (inactive 17 October 2026). ISBN 978-0-415-21609-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2026 (link)
  - Cromdal, Jakob (2001). "Overlap in Bilingual Play: Some Implications of Code-Switching for Overlap Resolution". Research on Language and Social Interaction. 34 (4): 421–51. doi:10.1207/S15327973RLSI3404_02.
  - Cromdal, Jakob (2004). "Building bilingual oppositions: Code-switching in children's disputes". Language in Society. 33 (1): 33–58. doi:10.1017/S0047404504031021.
  - Musk, Nigel John (2012). "Performing bilingualism in Wales: Arguing the case for empirical and theoretical eclecticism". Pragmatics: Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association. 22 (4): 651–669. doi:10.1075/prag.22.4.05mus.
  - Giles, Howard; Edwards, America L.; Walther, Joseph B. (September 2023). "Communication accommodation theory: Past accomplishments, current trends, and future prospects". Language Sciences. 99 101571. doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101571.
  - Fishman, Joshua (1967). "Bilingualism with and without diglossia; Diglossia with and without bilingualism". Journal of Social Issues. 23 (2): 29–38. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1967.tb00573.x.
  - Reyes, Iliana (2004). "Functions of code switching in schoolchildren's conversations". Bilingual Research Journal. 28 (1): 77–98. doi:10.1080/15235882.2004.10162613.
  - Sankoff, David; Shana Poplack (1981). "A formal grammar for code-switching". Papers in Linguistics. 14 (1–4): 3–45. doi:10.1080/08351818109370523.
  - Martínez, Ramón Antonio (2010). "'Spanglish' as Literacy Tool: Toward an Understanding of the Potential Role of Spanish-English Code-Switching in the Development of Academic Literacy". Research in the Teaching of English. 45 (2): 124–149. doi:10.58680/rte201012743. JSTOR 40997087.
  - MacSwan, Jeff (April 2000). "The architecture of the bilingual language faculty: evidence from intrasentential code switching". Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 3 (1): 37–54. doi:10.1017/S1366728900000122.
  - MacSwan, Jeff (2012). "Code-Switching and Grammatical Theory". The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism. pp. 321–350. doi:10.1002/9781118332382.ch13. ISBN 978-1-4443-3490-6.
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  - David Green (2018). "Language Control and Code-Switching". Languages. 3 (8): 8. doi:10.3390/languages3020008. hdl:10072/407040.
  - Terry, J.M.; Hendrick, R.; Evangelou, E.; Smith, R.L. (October 2010). "Variable dialect switching among African American children: Inferences about working memory" (PDF). Lingua. 120 (10): 2463–2475. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2010.04.013.
  - Craig, Holly K.; Washington, Julie A. (April 2004). "Grade-Related Changes in the Production of African American English". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 47 (2): 450–463. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2004/036). hdl:2027.42/83319. PMID 15157143.
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  - Bautista, Maria Lourdes S. (2004). "Tagalog-English Code-switching as a Mode of Discourse". Asia Pacific Education Review. 5 (2): 226–233. doi:10.1007/BF03024960. ERIC EJ720543.
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ed.gov (Global: 318^th place; English: 138^th place)

eric.ed.gov

Aguirre, Adalberto (1988). Code-Switching, Intuitive Knowledge, and the Bilingual Classroom (Report). ERIC ED316036.
Bautista, Maria Lourdes S. (2004). "Tagalog-English Code-switching as a Mode of Discourse". Asia Pacific Education Review. 5 (2): 226–233. doi:10.1007/BF03024960. ERIC EJ720543.

educationalresearchtechniques.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Darrin (2017-10-05). "Code -Switching & Lexical Borrowing". Educational Research Techniques. Archived from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
Darrin (2017-10-05). "Code -Switching & Lexical Borrowing". Educational Research Techniques. Archived from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2022-11-30.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Freeland, L.S. (January 1951). "Languages of the Sierra Miwok". International Journal of American Linguistics. Waverly Press, Inc. hdl:2027/uc1.31210001229770.
Poplack, Shana; David Sankoff (1984). "Borrowing: the synchrony of integration". Linguistics. 22 (269): 99–136. doi:10.1515/ling.1984.22.1.99. hdl:10315/2840.
Pujolar, Joan (2001). Gender, Heteroglossia and Power. doi:10.1515/9783110809121. hdl:10609/119766. ISBN 978-3-11-016797-9.^{[page needed]}
David Green (2018). "Language Control and Code-Switching". Languages. 3 (8): 8. doi:10.3390/languages3020008. hdl:10072/407040.
Craig, Holly K.; Washington, Julie A. (April 2004). "Grade-Related Changes in the Production of African American English". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 47 (2): 450–463. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2004/036). hdl:2027.42/83319. PMID 15157143.
Yip, Virginia; Matthews, Stephen (December 2000). "Syntactic transfer in a Cantonese–English bilingual child". Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 3 (3): 193–208. doi:10.1017/S136672890000033X. hdl:10722/42122.
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  - García, Paula B.; Leibold, Lori; Buss, Emily; Calandruccio, Lauren; Rodriguez, Barbara (19 September 2018). "Code-Switching in Highly Proficient Spanish/English Bilingual Adults: Impact on Masked Word Recognition". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 61 (9): 2353–2363. doi:10.1044/2018_JSLHR-H-17-0399. PMC 6195050. PMID 30076419.

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McClure, Erica (2001). "Oral and Written Assyrian-English Code-switching Archived 2019-04-07 at the Wayback Machine." In Rodolfo Jacobson. Codeswitching Worldwide II. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001. pg 166. Print.
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Poplack, Shana (2018). Borrowing: Loanwords in the Speech Community and in the Grammar. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-025637-1. OCLC 986237047.
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Poplack, Shana; David Sankoff (1984). "Borrowing: the synchrony of integration". Linguistics. 22 (269): 99–136. doi:10.1515/ling.1984.22.1.99. hdl:10315/2840.

Code-switching (English Wikipedia)

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