Coin (English Wikipedia)

Easwar, K.; Rouyer, F.; Menon, N. (2002). "Speeding to a stop: The finite-time singularity of a spinning disk". Physical Review E. 66 (4) 045102. Bibcode:2002PhRvE..66d5102E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.66.045102. PMID 12443243.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Discovery of a hoard of currency with silver bars near Malayer, dated circa 600 BCE, with photographs in Bivar, Adrian David Hugh. Hoard of Ingot-Currency of the Median Period from Nūsh-i Jān, near Malayir (1971). pp. 97–111.
Newton, Charles Thomas (1870). "On an electrum stater, possibly of Ephesus". The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society. 10. Royal Numismatic Society: 238. JSTOR 42680883 – via Archive.org.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Giedroyc, Richard (2006-11-15). The Everything Coin Collecting Book: All You Need to Start Your Collection …. Adams Media. ISBN 978-1-59337-568-3. Archived from the original on 2013-05-28. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
Metcalf, William E. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage. Oxford University Press. pp. 49–50. ISBN 978-0-19-937218-8.
Muscarella, Oscar White (15 June 2013). Archaeology, Artifacts and Antiquities of the Ancient Near East: Sites, Cultures, and Proveniences. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-23669-1.
Metcalf, William E. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage. Oxford University Press. pp. 61–65. ISBN 978-0-19-937218-8.
Dundua, Tʻedo; Čʻikʻobava, Akaki; Avdaliani, Emil (2020). Coin as a means of propaganda according to Georgian numismatics. Gamomcʻemloba "Meridiani". ISBN 978-9941-25-974-6. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
Bopearachchi, Osmund; Cribb, Joe (1992), "Coins illustrating the History of the Crossroads of Asia", in Errington, Elizabeth; Cribb, Joe; Claringbull, Maggie (eds.), The Crossroads of Asia: transformation in image and symbol in the art of ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan, Ancient India and Iran Trust, pp. 57–59, ISBN 978-0-9518399-1-1, Coins of this type found in Chaman Hazouri (deposited c.350 BCE) and Bhir Mound hoards (deposited c.300 BCE).
Metcalf, William E. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–80. ISBN 978-0-19-937218-8.
André-Salvini, Béatrice (2005). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. University of California Press. p. 208 Coin no.381 for the Persian column capitals. ISBN 978-0-520-24731-4.
"The earliest attempts at portraiture appear to have taken place in Lycia. The heads of various dynasts appear on coins of the fifth century" Carradice, Ian (1978). Ancient Greek Portrait Coins. British Museum Publications. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-7141-0849-0.
West, Shearer; Birmingham), Shearer (2004). Portraiture. OUP Oxford. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-19-284258-9.
"A rare silver fraction recently identified as a coin of Themistocles from Magnesia even has a bearded portrait of the great man, making it by far the earliest datable portrait coin. Other early portraits can be seen on the coins of Lycian dynasts." Carradice, Ian; Price, Martin (1988). Coinage in the Greek World. Seaby. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-900652-82-0.
Rhodes, P. J. (2011). A History of the Classical Greek World: 478–323 BC. John Wiley & Sons. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-4443-5858-2.
Howgego, Christopher (2002). Ancient History from Coins. Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-134-87784-3.
Schaps, David (2004). The Invention of Coinage and the Monetization of Ancient Greece. University of Michigan Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-472-11333-0.
Howgego, C. J. (1995). Ancient history from coins. Psychology Press. pp. 1–4. ISBN 978-0-415-08993-7. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
Hollingsworth, Mary (2017). "A Note to the Reader". The Medici. Head of Zeus. ISBN 978-1-78669-151-4.
Serra, Girolamo. Discorso sulle monete di Genova recitato dal Signor Girolamo Serra rettore dell'Università all'Accademia delle scienze, lettere ed arti, nell'adunanza del dì 15 luglio 1810 (in Italian).
Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.

britishmuseum.org (Global: 1,421^st place; English: 1,087^th place)

"Electrum stater inscribed with the name of Phanes". British Museum. 2011-09-29. Archived from the original on 2012-05-15. Retrieved 2012-05-21.

cbpmr.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Composite coins". Pridnestrovian Republican Bank. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2020.

chinesechinese.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

YK Kwan. "A snap shot view of The history of China by YK Kwan". Chinesechinese.net. Archived from the original on 2012-05-03. Retrieved 2012-05-21.

cngcoins.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Research Coins: Feature Auction - The Coinage of Phanes. Classical Numismatic Group, LLC.
372. Lot: 658, Lot of two AR bent bars, CNG Coins. Bopearachchi & Cribb, Coins illustrating the History of the Crossroads of Asia 1992, pp. 57–59: "Silver bent-bar punch-marked coin of Kabul region under the Achaemenid Empire, c.350 BC: Coins of this type found in quantity in Chaman Hazouri and Bhir Mound hoards." (Commentary by Joe Cribb and Osmund Bopearachchi)
"Extremely Rare Early Silver from the Kabul Valley", CNG 102, Lot:649, CNG Coins
"A Truly International Currency", Triton XV, Lot: 1163, ATTICA, Athens Archived 2019-12-25 at the Wayback Machine, CNG Coins
CNG: LYCIA. Circa 520–470/60 BCE. AR Stater (18mm, 9.18 g).
"CNG: IONIA, Magnesia ad Maeandrum. Themistokles. Circa 465-459 BC. AR Hemiobol (7mm, 0.37 g, 1h)".
"CNG Coin 338684".

coinsoftheuk.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Clayton, Tony. "Metals Used in Coins and Medals". coins-of-the-uk.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-08-15.

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

law.cornell.edu

31 CFR §82.1, Legal Information Institute, accessed 22 July 2019.
"18 U.S. Code § 331 - Mutilation, diminution, and falsification of coins". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2024-07-19.
31 CFR 82.2(b), Legal Information Institute, accessed 22 July 2019.

demon.co.uk (Global: 3,126^th place; English: 1,846^th place)

tclayton.demon.co.uk

Tony Clayton. "Metals Used in Coins and Medals". Tclayton.demon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2012-05-22.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Zhao, Hao; Gao, Xiangping; Jiang, Yuchao; Lin, Yi; Zhu, Jin; Ding, Sicong; Deng, Lijun; Zhang, Ji (6 August 2021). "Radiocarbon-dating an early minting site: the emergence of standardised coinage in China". Antiquity. 95 (383). Cambridge University Press: 1161–1178. doi:10.15184/aqy.2021.94. S2CID 238220610.
Donald Kagan (July 1982). "The Dates of the Earliest Coins". American Journal of Archaeology. 86 (3). University of Chicago Press: 343–360. doi:10.2307/504425. JSTOR 504425.
Root, Margaret Cool (1989). "The Persian archer at Persepolis: aspects of chronology, style and symbolism". Revue des Études Anciennes. 91: 43–50. doi:10.3406/rea.1989.4361.
Easwar, K.; Rouyer, F.; Menon, N. (2002). "Speeding to a stop: The finite-time singularity of a spinning disk". Physical Review E. 66 (4) 045102. Bibcode:2002PhRvE..66d5102E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.66.045102. PMID 12443243.

edgedavao.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"HISTORY OF DAVAO – Currencies of the Lumads". November 11, 2015.

filipinonumismatist.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

coin.filipinonumismatist.com

"Philippine Coin Information: PILONCITOS: The treasure of Philippine numismatic". Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2017.

forumancientcoins.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Types of Greek Coins" An Archaeological Essay (PDF) by Percy Gardner 1883 p.42 "Considering these and other facts it may be held to be probable, if not absolutely proved, that priests first issued stamped coin, and that the first mints were in Greek temples."

gao.gov (Global: 3,529^th place; English: 2,046^th place)

U.S. Currency: Financial Benefit of Switching to a $1 Coin Is Unlikely, but Changing Coin Metal Content Could Result in Cost Savings

henan.gov.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

big5.henan.gov.cn

"中國最早金屬鑄幣商代晚期鑄造銅貝-河南概況". Big5.henan.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2012-03-17. Retrieved 2012-05-22.

ilgiornaledellanumismatica.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

"IL FIORINO DI FIRENZE, STORIA DEL "DOLLARO DEL MEDIOEVO"" (in Italian). 19 January 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2023.

inquirer.net (Global: 348^th place; English: 163^rd place)

opinion.inquirer.net

"'Piloncitos' and the 'Philippine golden age' | Inquirer Opinion". 30 August 2011. Archived from the original on 2017-05-16. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
"'Piloncitos' and the 'Philippine golden age'". August 30, 2011.

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320^th place; English: 308^th place)

Michael Alram, "DARIC", Encyclopaedia Iranica, December 15, 1994, last updated November 17, 2011

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Donald Kagan (July 1982). "The Dates of the Earliest Coins". American Journal of Archaeology. 86 (3). University of Chicago Press: 343–360. doi:10.2307/504425. JSTOR 504425.
Newton, Charles Thomas (1870). "On an electrum stater, possibly of Ephesus". The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society. 10. Royal Numismatic Society: 238. JSTOR 42680883 – via Archive.org.
HARDAKER, TERRY R. (1975). "The origins of coinage in northern India". The Numismatic Chronicle. 15: 200–203. JSTOR 42666515.

larecherche.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

Fabienne Lemarchand (July 2003). "L'or gratuit". Le Recherche (366): 91. Archived from the original on 2016-04-08. Retrieved 2023-10-09.

makeitfrommetal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Maes, Jonathan. "Is It Illegal to Melt/Destroy US Pennies and Other Coins?". Make it From Metal. Retrieved 2022-12-17.

medievalcoinage.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Early Dated Coins, Accessed December 2009".

metmuseum.ph (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Metropolitan Museum of Manila, Philippines: Art for All - www.metmuseum.ph". Archived from the original on 2012-12-15. Retrieved 2013-08-01.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

Kramer, Jillian (6 August 2021). "'World's oldest' coin factory discovered in China". National geographic. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2022.

nationalpost.com (Global: 1,018^th place; English: 559^th place)

Smith, Marie-Danielle (18 January 2018). "Royal Canadian Mint sues Royal Australian Mint in row over poppy coin printing". The National Post. Retrieved 18 January 2018.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

A 'metallic' smell is just body odour Archived 2016-05-24 at the Wayback Machine

nbcnews.com (Global: 156^th place; English: 101^st place)

Lawmakers (again) propose replacing $1 bills with coins

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Easwar, K.; Rouyer, F.; Menon, N. (2002). "Speeding to a stop: The finite-time singularity of a spinning disk". Physical Review E. 66 (4) 045102. Bibcode:2002PhRvE..66d5102E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.66.045102. PMID 12443243.

nma.gov.au (Global: 8,301^st place; English: 5,105^th place)

"Convict tokens, National Museum of Australia". Nma.gov.au. 2012-01-25. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20. Retrieved 2016-10-05.

oeaw.ac.at (Global: 6,442^nd place; English: 8,570^th place)

Austrian Archaeological Institute. "Early Lydian Coinage and Chronology". Austrian Archaeological Institute - Austrian Academy of Sciences. coin legends...in archaic Lydian letters...The most frequent coin legend, FAΛFET, has often been related to the Lydian king Alyattes, the father of Croesus. Another legend, KVKAΛIM, might refer to king Gyges, an ancestor of Alyattes

ox.ac.uk (Global: 541^st place; English: 356^th place)

ccid.web.ox.ac.uk

School of Archaeology, University of Oxford (2021). "Celtic Coin Index Digital". Oxford University.

penn.museum (Global: low place; English: 7,892^nd place)

Sancinito, Jane E. "Like a Bad Penny: Ancient Numismatics in the Ancient World." Expedition: The Magazine of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology 60, no. 2. (2018): 12-23: "The first people to use coins were from modern Turkey, right around 600 BCE. Their coins were different from ours today, less regular and made from precious metal, a mix of gold and silver known as electrum, but their experience, as they went to market or paid their taxes, was similar to mine in the coffee shop. They looked at the lumps of metal in their hand and tried to figure out how much money they had left, and whether they had been cheated. Current research suggests that coins were invented to simplify and regularize this task. Amounts of metal were measured to specific levels of purity and then stamped with an official mark, thereby speeding up transactions and, for the first time in history, guaranteeing certain pieces of metal were trustworthy. The idea caught on quickly, spreading through Western Asia Minor before being adopted by the city-states of Archaic Greece."

pr.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Colnect Marketplace Has Been Launched". PR.com. Retrieved 2019-02-20.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Zhao, Hao; Gao, Xiangping; Jiang, Yuchao; Lin, Yi; Zhu, Jin; Ding, Sicong; Deng, Lijun; Zhang, Ji (6 August 2021). "Radiocarbon-dating an early minting site: the emergence of standardised coinage in China". Antiquity. 95 (383). Cambridge University Press: 1161–1178. doi:10.15184/aqy.2021.94. S2CID 238220610.

snible.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Inscriptions and Titles on ancient Greek coins". Snible.org. Archived from the original on 2012-06-08. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
Head, Barclay V. (1911). Historia Numorum, A Manual of Greek Numismatics, New and Enlarged Edition. London: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
British Museum Catalogue 11 – Attica Megaris Aegina, 700 – 550 BCE, plate XXIII Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine.

ukdfd.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Long Cross Pennies". www.ukdfd.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-10-28.

usmint.gov (Global: 5,667^th place; English: 3,885^th place)

"United States Mint Moves to Limit Exportation & Melting of Coins". The United States Mint. Archived from the original on 2016-05-27. Retrieved 2012-05-22.

vcoins.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

community.vcoins.com

"Half-figure of the King: unravelling the mysteries of the earliest Sigloi of Darius I" (PDF). The Celator. 26 (2): 20. February 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-11-21.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"中國最早金屬鑄幣商代晚期鑄造銅貝-河南概況". Big5.henan.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2012-03-17. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
Giedroyc, Richard (2006-11-15). The Everything Coin Collecting Book: All You Need to Start Your Collection …. Adams Media. ISBN 978-1-59337-568-3. Archived from the original on 2013-05-28. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
YK Kwan. "A snap shot view of The history of China by YK Kwan". Chinesechinese.net. Archived from the original on 2012-05-03. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
Kramer, Jillian (6 August 2021). "'World's oldest' coin factory discovered in China". National geographic. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
"Cent". Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
"A Truly International Currency", Triton XV, Lot: 1163, ATTICA, Athens Archived 2019-12-25 at the Wayback Machine, CNG Coins
"Inscriptions and Titles on ancient Greek coins". Snible.org. Archived from the original on 2012-06-08. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
"Electrum stater inscribed with the name of Phanes". British Museum. 2011-09-29. Archived from the original on 2012-05-15. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
British Museum Catalogue 11 – Attica Megaris Aegina, 700 – 550 BCE, plate XXIII Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine.
"Half-figure of the King: unravelling the mysteries of the earliest Sigloi of Darius I" (PDF). The Celator. 26 (2): 20. February 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-11-21.
Howgego, C. J. (1995). Ancient history from coins. Psychology Press. pp. 1–4. ISBN 978-0-415-08993-7. Archived from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
Fabienne Lemarchand (July 2003). "L'or gratuit". Le Recherche (366): 91. Archived from the original on 2016-04-08. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
"United States Mint Moves to Limit Exportation & Melting of Coins". The United States Mint. Archived from the original on 2016-05-27. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
"Composite coins". Pridnestrovian Republican Bank. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
Tony Clayton. "Metals Used in Coins and Medals". Tclayton.demon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
"Convict tokens, National Museum of Australia". Nma.gov.au. 2012-01-25. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
A 'metallic' smell is just body odour Archived 2016-05-24 at the Wayback Machine
"Metropolitan Museum of Manila, Philippines: Art for All - www.metmuseum.ph". Archived from the original on 2012-12-15. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
"'Piloncitos' and the 'Philippine golden age' | Inquirer Opinion". 30 August 2011. Archived from the original on 2017-05-16. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
"Philippine Coin Information: PILONCITOS: The treasure of Philippine numismatic". Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2017.

wildwinds.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bruttium – Ancient Greek Coins – WildWinds". Retrieved 8 September 2014.
"Lucania – Ancient Greek Coins – WildWinds.com". Retrieved 8 September 2014.

worldcoincatalog.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Cent". Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

Coin (English Wikipedia)

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