Colchester (English Wikipedia)

Colchester Tourist Board (2011). "Colchester – Britain's Oldest Recorded Town". visitcolchester.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2011.

avignon.fr

"Jumelages et Relations Internationales – Avignon". Avignon.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 16 July 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.

bbc.co.uk

"UK's oldest town officially becomes newest city". BBC News. 23 November 2022This citation, although from a source that is usually reliable, contains a material error of fact in its claim that "Colchester was named one of eight towns to be made cities to mark the Queen's Platinum Jubilee". That status was awarded to eight local authority areas, none of which was a town.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
"Colchester's 'Jumbo' water tower bought by poultry farmer". BBC News. 30 May 2014. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Concerns over 'fast-growing' town". BBC News. 16 April 2010.

bbc.com

"Queen Elizabeth II: Colchester city status ceremony plans postponed". BBC News. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
"King Charles and Camilla visit Colchester to mark city status". BBC News. 7 March 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.

books.google.com

McCloy, A.; Midgley, A. (2008). Discovering Roman Britain. New Holland. p. 60. ISBN 9781847731289.
The English Civil War: a military history of the three civil wars, 1642–1651, Young, Peter and Holmes, Richard (1974) p. 290. Available here [1]
Denney, Patrick (2006). Round About Colchester: Exploring Local History With the East Anglian Daily Times. Wharncliffe Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-1845630058. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016.
Baker, Naomi (2012). "Johnson, Cicely and Thurgood, Rose". The Encyclopedia of English Renaissance Literature. Vol. 2. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405194495.

britainsfirstcity.com

"Heritage". Colchester: Britain's First City. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2018.

britannica.com

"Cunobelinus | Celtic King, Iron Age, Britain | Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 January 2023. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.

british-history.ac.uk

"Walls and Gates British History". British-history.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
Cooper, Janet; Elrington, C. R., eds. (1994). A History of the County of Essex: The Borough of Colchester. Vol. IX. London: Victoria County History. pp. 48–57. ISBN 978-0-19-722784-8.
Cooper, Janet; Elrington, C R, eds. (1994). "Communications". A History of the County of Essex. 9, the Borough of Colchester. London: 233–237. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
A P Baggs; Beryl Board; Philip Crummy; Claude Dove; Shirley Durgan; N R Goose; R B Pugh; Pamela Studd; C C Thornton (1994). Janet Cooper; C R Elrington (eds.). "The Borough of Colchester". A History of the County of Essex: Volume 9: The Borough of Colchester. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
A P Baggs; Beryl Board; Philip Crummy; Claude Dove; Shirley Durgan; N R Goose; R B Pugh; Pamela Studd; C C Thornton (1994). Janet Cooper; C R Elrington (eds.). "Modern Colchester: Introduction". A History of the County of Essex: Volume 9: The Borough of Colchester. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
Cooper, Janet; Elrington, C R, eds. (1994). "A History of the County of Essex: Volume 9, the Borough of Colchester – Municipal buildings, Pages 274–277". british-history.ac.uk. British History Online – University of London. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.

britishlistedbuildings.co.uk

"Municipal Water Tower (Jumbo), Colchester". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 6 January 2020.

bustimes.org

"Colchester Bus Services". Bus Times. Retrieved 17 March 2025.

cam.ac.uk

venn.lib.cam.ac.uk

"Gilbert, William (GLBT558W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

catuk.org

"Colchester and the Thames Estuary". Colchester Archaeological Trust. 18 September 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2023.

cncd.fr

"Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures". Ministère des affaires étrangères (in French). Archived from the original on 26 February 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.

colchester-regen.co.uk

"Homepage – Colchester Borough Council". Colchester-regen.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2010.

colchester.ac.uk

"The Minories Galleries". Colchester-Institute. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
"Colchester School of Art". Colchester Institute. Retrieved 30 December 2020. At Colchester School of Art we are proud to have a history dating from 1885, the year the original Art School was founded.

colchester.gov.uk

"Colchester City Council". colchester.gov.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
"Honour of Royal Salute switches to Colchester town centre – Colc". Colchester.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 January 2010.^{[dead link]}

colchesterartscentre.com

"Current Events". Colchester Arts Centre. Archived from the original on 22 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010.

colchestercivicsociety.co.uk

"John Ball | Colchester Civic Society". Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2023.

colchestertwinningsociety.co.uk

Francis, Valerie. "Twin Town News – Colchester, Avignon, Imola and Wetzlar" (PDF). The Colchester Twinning Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

completefrance.com

"British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013.

cu-fc.com

"Club Records". cu-fc.com. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
"The 1950s and 1960s". cu-fc.com. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
"The 1990s and 2000s". cu-fc.com. Retrieved 30 September 2023.

doi.org

Ford, L.L. "Audley, Thomas, Baron Audley of Walden (1487/8–1544), lord chancellor". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/896. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* Donagan, Barbara (2004). "Lucas, Sir Charles (1612/13–1648)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17123. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

earlybritishkingdoms.com

Nash Ford, David. "Early British Kingdoms: Colchester". Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.

elte.hu

seas3.elte.hu

"CUBE: Colchester". CUBE pronunciation dictionary. Retrieved 21 December 2024.

essex.ac.uk

cat.essex.ac.uk

"Colchester Archaeological Trust Online Report Library – Colchester Bays, Says and Perpetuanas by Eliot Howard" (PDF). University of Essex. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2018.

essexcountystandard.co.uk

"Search Results". Essexcountystandard.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2018.

essexheritagetrust.co.uk

"Twinkle Star Statue – Essex Heritage Trust". 6 June 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2025.

essexhighways.org

"Colchester Rapid Transit". Essex Highways. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 17 March 2025.

essexlive.news

"Essex's twin towns across the world and how similar they are to each other". Essexlive.news. 30 May 2021.

fleetmon.com

"Colchester". FleetMon. Retrieved 10 July 2023.

flickr.com

"Colchester Flag". 18 June 2009.

flyer.co.uk

oysterfayre.flyer.co.uk

"Oyster Fayre – 1989 News Reports". Oysterfayre.flyer.co.uk. 27 December 2002. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2010.

gazette-news.co.uk

"Revealed: When Colchester will officially be named a city (but we won't get a royal visit)". Gazette. 8 August 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
"Colchester: £2 m more to finish off new art gallery (From Gazette)". Gazette-news.co.uk. 18 November 2008. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
"50 years on...when Colchester United defied all the odds to lift silverware". Gazette. 7 August 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
"Colchester's Viking past is stunningly recreated in Assassin's Creed Valhalla". Gazette. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
"Horrible Histories role turns into dream part for Colchester's Tony". Gazette. 27 July 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
"Town set to twin with Chinese City". Gazette-news.co.uk. 2 September 2015.

gov.uk

"Record number of city status winners announced to celebrate Platinum Jubilee". Gov.uk. Retrieved 21 May 2022.

hants.gov.uk

www3.hants.gov.uk

"The Glasshouse – The Aldershot Military Detention Barracks". Hampshire County Council. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2008.

historicengland.org.uk

"Colchester Castle and the Temple of Claudius, Non Civil Parish – 1002217 | Historic England". Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.

ign.com

uk.tv.ign.com

Matt Wales (14 June 2010). "IGN review". ign.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010.

independent.co.uk

Duerden, Nick (23 September 2012). "John Cooper Clarke: The punk poet whose time has come again". The Independent. Retrieved 24 June 2013.

lathes.co.uk

"As detailed here". Lathes.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 November 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010.

lovemyland.org.uk

"Home". Love Myland. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2010.

margaretthatcher.org

"MT at 80 | Margaret Thatcher Foundation". Margaretthatcher.org. Archived from the original on 13 October 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2010.

mod.uk

army.mod.uk

"Military Corrective Training Centre". British Army. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2008.

oed.com

"Colchester". Oxford English Dictionary Gateway. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 June 2012.

ons.gov.uk

"Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales: Census 2021 – Office for National Statistics". ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 12 October 2023.

oxforddnb.com

Ford, L.L. "Audley, Thomas, Baron Audley of Walden (1487/8–1544), lord chancellor". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/896. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* Donagan, Barbara (2004). "Lucas, Sir Charles (1612/13–1648)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17123. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

"Colchester". Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 September 2024.

ports.org.uk

"Colchester". ports.org.uk. Retrieved 10 July 2023.

roman-britain.co.uk

"Temple of Claudius at Camulodunon (Colchester)". Roman-britain.co.uk. Retrieved 20 July 2014.

skysports.com

"Championship (Sky Sports)". Sky Sports. Retrieved 30 September 2023.

snsbi.org.uk

Briggs, Keith (2010). "Maidenburgh, Geoffrey of Wells and Rabanus Maurus" (PDF). Nomina. 33: 121–128.

telegraph.co.uk

Prophet, Sheila (12 October 2006). "King Commute: the best new property deals within an hour of central London". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 April 2014.
"Camelot: discovering the legend of King Arthur around Britain". The Daily Telegraph. 8 June 2011. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
Boyle, Danny (23 March 2016). "'Fenwick Treasure': Hoard of Roman jewellery buried to save it from Boudicca goes on display in Colchester". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
Danny Boyle (23 March 2016). "'Fenwick Treasure': Hoard of Roman jewellery buried to save it from Boudicca goes on display in Colchester". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.

thecolchesterarchaeologist.co.uk

"The Fenwick Treasure at Williams & Griffin!". The Colchester Archaeologist. 23 March 2016. Archived from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
"'the Fenwick treasure' reveals more gems..." The Colchester Archaeologist. Archived from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
"We celebrate – Roman circus site, centre and cafe re-open, with cakes! | the Colchester Archaeologist". Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.. Retrieved 22 July 2014
"The Trust's investigation of Roman arcade in local press". The Colchester Archaeologist. 25 July 2014. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2016.. Retrieved 26 July 2014

thegazette.co.uk

"Crown Office – The Gazette". 29 September 2022. The Late QUEEN was pleased by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the Realm dated 5 September 2022 to ordain that the Borough of Colchester shall have the status of a City.

theguardian.com

"Stella Creasy: The MP who 'won't back down'". The Guardian. August 2013.

thesundaytimes.co.uk

"Relative Values: Stella Creasy and her mum, Corinna | The Sunday Times". The Sunday Times. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2022.

visionofbritain.org.uk

Daniel Defoe, A tour through England and Wales, J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd, London (1959) Available online here Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine

visitcolchester.com

"Welcome to Colchester". Visit Colchester.
Colchester Tourist Board (2011). "Colchester – Britain's Oldest Recorded Town". visitcolchester.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
"Headgate Theatre – Theatre in Colchester, Colchester".

walkcolchester.org.uk

"Walk Colchester – A Guide to Colchester's Roman Wall" (PDF). Walkcolchester.org.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2015.

web.archive.org

"Search Results". Essexcountystandard.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
Prophet, Sheila (12 October 2006). "King Commute: the best new property deals within an hour of central London". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 April 2014.
"Camelot: discovering the legend of King Arthur around Britain". The Daily Telegraph. 8 June 2011. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
"Walls and Gates British History". British-history.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
Boyle, Danny (23 March 2016). "'Fenwick Treasure': Hoard of Roman jewellery buried to save it from Boudicca goes on display in Colchester". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
"The Fenwick Treasure at Williams & Griffin!". The Colchester Archaeologist. 23 March 2016. Archived from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
"'the Fenwick treasure' reveals more gems..." The Colchester Archaeologist. Archived from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
Danny Boyle (23 March 2016). "'Fenwick Treasure': Hoard of Roman jewellery buried to save it from Boudicca goes on display in Colchester". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
"Oyster Fayre – 1989 News Reports". Oysterfayre.flyer.co.uk. 27 December 2002. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
Cooper, Janet; Elrington, C R, eds. (1994). "Communications". A History of the County of Essex. 9, the Borough of Colchester. London: 233–237. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
A P Baggs; Beryl Board; Philip Crummy; Claude Dove; Shirley Durgan; N R Goose; R B Pugh; Pamela Studd; C C Thornton (1994). Janet Cooper; C R Elrington (eds.). "The Borough of Colchester". A History of the County of Essex: Volume 9: The Borough of Colchester. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
"Heritage". Colchester: Britain's First City. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
Daniel Defoe, A tour through England and Wales, J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd, London (1959) Available online here Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
A P Baggs; Beryl Board; Philip Crummy; Claude Dove; Shirley Durgan; N R Goose; R B Pugh; Pamela Studd; C C Thornton (1994). Janet Cooper; C R Elrington (eds.). "Modern Colchester: Introduction". A History of the County of Essex: Volume 9: The Borough of Colchester. Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
"Homepage – Colchester Borough Council". Colchester-regen.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
"Home". Love Myland. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
"The Glasshouse – The Aldershot Military Detention Barracks". Hampshire County Council. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
"Military Corrective Training Centre". British Army. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
"We celebrate – Roman circus site, centre and cafe re-open, with cakes! | the Colchester Archaeologist". Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.. Retrieved 22 July 2014
"The Trust's investigation of Roman arcade in local press". The Colchester Archaeologist. 25 July 2014. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2016.. Retrieved 26 July 2014
"Current Events". Colchester Arts Centre. Archived from the original on 22 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
"Colchester: £2 m more to finish off new art gallery (From Gazette)". Gazette-news.co.uk. 18 November 2008. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
"The Minories Galleries". Colchester-Institute. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
"Walk Colchester – A Guide to Colchester's Roman Wall" (PDF). Walkcolchester.org.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
"Colchester's 'Jumbo' water tower bought by poultry farmer". BBC News. 30 May 2014. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
Cooper, Janet; Elrington, C R, eds. (1994). "A History of the County of Essex: Volume 9, the Borough of Colchester – Municipal buildings, Pages 274–277". british-history.ac.uk. British History Online – University of London. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
Denney, Patrick (2006). Round About Colchester: Exploring Local History With the East Anglian Daily Times. Wharncliffe Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-1845630058. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016.
Nash Ford, David. "Early British Kingdoms: Colchester". Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
"As detailed here". Lathes.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 November 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
Matt Wales (14 June 2010). "IGN review". ign.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
"Cunobelinus | Celtic King, Iron Age, Britain | Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 January 2023. Archived from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
"Colchester Castle and the Temple of Claudius, Non Civil Parish – 1002217 | Historic England". Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
"John Ball | Colchester Civic Society". Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
"Church History". Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
"MT at 80 | Margaret Thatcher Foundation". Margaretthatcher.org. Archived from the original on 13 October 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
"Relative Values: Stella Creasy and her mum, Corinna | The Sunday Times". The Sunday Times. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
Francis, Valerie. "Twin Town News – Colchester, Avignon, Imola and Wetzlar" (PDF). The Colchester Twinning Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
"British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
"Jumelages et Relations Internationales – Avignon". Avignon.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 16 July 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
"Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures". Ministère des affaires étrangères (in French). Archived from the original on 26 February 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.