Cold (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Cold" in English language version.

Last modified: 20:28:59, 6 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

2323web.archive.org

1^st place

1411books.google.com

3^rd place

1111nasa.gov

12^th place

73^rd place

22adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

22doi.org

2^nd place

11dive-links.com

low place

11coolantexperts.com

low place

11techopedia.com

low place

11arizona.edu

1,520^th place

1,044^th place

11gsu.edu

2,981^st place

3,158^th place

11umich.edu

429^th place

307^th place

11aham.org

low place

11mayoclinic.org

2,191^st place

1,798^th place

11buffalo.edu

4,409^th place

2,820^th place

11alpin.de

low place

11nytimes.com

7^th place

11arxiv.org

49^th place

31^st place

11nih.gov

5^th place

11semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

11nobelprize.org

265^th place

450^th place

11bbc.co.uk

11^th place

10^th place

11space.com

862^nd place

703^rd place

11independent.co.uk

46^th place

29^th place

11aari.aq

low place

11uea.ac.uk

low place

6,154^th place

aari.aq (Global: low place; English: low place)

Budretsky, A.B. (1984). "New absolute minimum of air temperature". Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (in Russian) (105). Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Clark, Jeremy B.; Lecocq, Florent; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Aumentado, José; Teufel, John D. (11 January 2017). "Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light". Nature. 541 (7636): 191–195. arXiv:1606.08795. Bibcode:2017Natur.541..191C. doi:10.1038/nature20604. PMID 28079081. S2CID 4443249.
Weidner, George; King, John; Box, Jason E.; Colwell, Steve; Jones, Phil; Lazzara, Matthew; Cappelen, John; Brunet, Manola; Cerveny, Randall S. (23 September 2020). "WMO evaluation of northern hemispheric coldest temperature: −69.6 °C at Klinck, Greenland, 22 December 1991" (PDF). Royal Meteorological Society. 147 (734): 21. Bibcode:2021QJRMS.147...21W. doi:10.1002/qj.3901.

aham.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Story of the Refrigerator". aham.org. Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016.

alpin.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

This is how cold protection works in winter (German) - Alpin 01/2007

arizona.edu (Global: 1,520^th place; English: 1,044^th place)

atmo.arizona.edu

"When you add energy to an object and the object warms, what exactly is happening inside the object?". atmo.arizona.edu. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2016.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Clark, Jeremy B.; Lecocq, Florent; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Aumentado, José; Teufel, John D. (11 January 2017). "Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light". Nature. 541 (7636): 191–195. arXiv:1606.08795. Bibcode:2017Natur.541..191C. doi:10.1038/nature20604. PMID 28079081. S2CID 4443249.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

Amos, Jonathan (16 December 2009). "'Coldest place' found on the Moon". BBC. Retrieved 17 December 2009.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Shachtman 2000, p. 17. Shachtman, Tom (12 December 2000). Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-52595-2.
Shachtman 2000, p. 4. Shachtman, Tom (12 December 2000). Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-52595-2.
Shachtman 2000, pp. 8–9. Shachtman, Tom (12 December 2000). Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-52595-2.
Shachtman 2000, pp. 12–13. Shachtman, Tom (12 December 2000). Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-52595-2.
Shachtman 2000, pp. 18–25. Shachtman, Tom (12 December 2000). Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-52595-2.
Shachtman 2000, pp. 25–26. Shachtman, Tom (12 December 2000). Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-52595-2.
Shachtman 2000, p. 28. Shachtman, Tom (12 December 2000). Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-52595-2.
Lawrence 2012, p. 16. Lawrence, Ellen (1 January 2012). What Is Climate?. Bearport Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61772-401-5.
Negi 2002, p. 9. Negi, S.S. (2002). Cold Deserts of India. Indus Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7387-127-6.
Toole 2015, p. 118. Toole, S. J. (23 June 2015). Origin Myth of Me: Reflections of Our Origins Creation of the Lulu. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-329-22607-4.^{[permanent dead link]}^{[self-published source]}
Fowlie 1981, p. 198. Fowlie, Wallace (15 May 1981). A Reading of Dante's Inferno. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-25888-1.

buffalo.edu (Global: 4,409^th place; English: 2,820^th place)

Ellen Goldbaum (2 February 2016). "Shocked by frostbite amputations, med students take action". UB Reporter. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.

coolantexperts.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"An Introduction to Coolant Technology". coolantexperts.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.

dive-links.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Scuba Diving – Hand Signals Archived 14 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Clark, Jeremy B.; Lecocq, Florent; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Aumentado, José; Teufel, John D. (11 January 2017). "Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light". Nature. 541 (7636): 191–195. arXiv:1606.08795. Bibcode:2017Natur.541..191C. doi:10.1038/nature20604. PMID 28079081. S2CID 4443249.
Weidner, George; King, John; Box, Jason E.; Colwell, Steve; Jones, Phil; Lazzara, Matthew; Cappelen, John; Brunet, Manola; Cerveny, Randall S. (23 September 2020). "WMO evaluation of northern hemispheric coldest temperature: −69.6 °C at Klinck, Greenland, 22 December 1991" (PDF). Royal Meteorological Society. 147 (734): 21. Bibcode:2021QJRMS.147...21W. doi:10.1002/qj.3901.

gsu.edu (Global: 2,981^st place; English: 3,158^th place)

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

"Laser Cooling". hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

Bignell, Paul (21 January 2007). "Polar explorers reach coldest place on Earth". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2010.

mayoclinic.org (Global: 2,191^st place; English: 1,798^th place)

Mayo Clinic staff. "Hypothermia: Symptoms". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

"Uranus Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
"Saturn Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
"Jupiter Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 13 April 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
"Mars Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 23 November 2013.

solarsystem.nasa.gov

"By the Numbers | Haumea". 14 November 2017.
"Mercury: In Depth". NASA. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.

science.nasa.gov

"Mysterious Sedna | Science Mission Directorate". science.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2023.

jpl.nasa.gov

"Boomerang Nebula boasts the coolest spot in the Universe". NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 20 June 1997. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.

map.gsfc.nasa.gov

Hinshaw, Gary (15 December 2005). "Tests of the Big Bang: The CMB". NASA WMAP. Archived from the original on 20 March 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2007.

voyager.jpl.nasa.gov

"Voyager the Interstellar Mission". NASA: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 15 February 2016.

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

"Melting Ice in Antarctica : Image of the Day". 25 September 2007. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Clark, Jeremy B.; Lecocq, Florent; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Aumentado, José; Teufel, John D. (11 January 2017). "Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light". Nature. 541 (7636): 191–195. arXiv:1606.08795. Bibcode:2017Natur.541..191C. doi:10.1038/nature20604. PMID 28079081. S2CID 4443249.

nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; English: 450^th place)

"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Zuger, Abigail (4 March 2003). "'You'll Catch Your Death!' an Old Wives' Tale? Well . ." The New York Times.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Clark, Jeremy B.; Lecocq, Florent; Simmonds, Raymond W.; Aumentado, José; Teufel, John D. (11 January 2017). "Sideband cooling beyond the quantum backaction limit with squeezed light". Nature. 541 (7636): 191–195. arXiv:1606.08795. Bibcode:2017Natur.541..191C. doi:10.1038/nature20604. PMID 28079081. S2CID 4443249.

space.com (Global: 862^nd place; English: 703^rd place)

Staff (7 July 2009). "Coldest Known Object in Space Is Very Unnatural". Space.com. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.

techopedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Air Cooling". techopedia.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016.

uea.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,154^th place)

ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk

Weidner, George; King, John; Box, Jason E.; Colwell, Steve; Jones, Phil; Lazzara, Matthew; Cappelen, John; Brunet, Manola; Cerveny, Randall S. (23 September 2020). "WMO evaluation of northern hemispheric coldest temperature: −69.6 °C at Klinck, Greenland, 22 December 1991" (PDF). Royal Meteorological Society. 147 (734): 21. Bibcode:2021QJRMS.147...21W. doi:10.1002/qj.3901.

umich.edu (Global: 429^th place; English: 307^th place)

cold-atoms.physics.lsa.umich.edu

"The basic idea of the evaporative cooling is simple". cold-atoms.physics.lsa.umich.edu. Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2016.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Scuba Diving – Hand Signals Archived 14 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
"An Introduction to Coolant Technology". coolantexperts.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
"Air Cooling". techopedia.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
"When you add energy to an object and the object warms, what exactly is happening inside the object?". atmo.arizona.edu. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
"Laser Cooling". hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
"The basic idea of the evaporative cooling is simple". cold-atoms.physics.lsa.umich.edu. Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
"The Story of the Refrigerator". aham.org. Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
Mayo Clinic staff. "Hypothermia: Symptoms". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Ellen Goldbaum (2 February 2016). "Shocked by frostbite amputations, med students take action". UB Reporter. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
"Mysterious Sedna | Science Mission Directorate". science.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
"Boomerang Nebula boasts the coolest spot in the Universe". NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 20 June 1997. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
Staff (7 July 2009). "Coldest Known Object in Space Is Very Unnatural". Space.com. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
Hinshaw, Gary (15 December 2005). "Tests of the Big Bang: The CMB". NASA WMAP. Archived from the original on 20 March 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2007.
"Voyager the Interstellar Mission". NASA: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
"Uranus Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
"Saturn Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
"Mercury: In Depth". NASA. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
"Jupiter Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 13 April 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
"Mars Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on 23 November 2013.
"Melting Ice in Antarctica : Image of the Day". 25 September 2007. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009.
Bignell, Paul (21 January 2007). "Polar explorers reach coldest place on Earth". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
Budretsky, A.B. (1984). "New absolute minimum of air temperature". Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (in Russian) (105). Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009.

Cold (English Wikipedia)

aari.aq (Global: low place; English: low place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

aham.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

alpin.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

arizona.edu (Global: 1,520th place; English: 1,044th place)

atmo.arizona.edu

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

buffalo.edu (Global: 4,409th place; English: 2,820th place)

coolantexperts.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

dive-links.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

gsu.edu (Global: 2,981st place; English: 3,158th place)

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

independent.co.uk (Global: 46th place; English: 29th place)

mayoclinic.org (Global: 2,191st place; English: 1,798th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12th place; English: 73rd place)

nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov

solarsystem.nasa.gov

science.nasa.gov

jpl.nasa.gov

map.gsfc.nasa.gov

voyager.jpl.nasa.gov

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nobelprize.org (Global: 265th place; English: 450th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

space.com (Global: 862nd place; English: 703rd place)

techopedia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

uea.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,154th place)

ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk

umich.edu (Global: 429th place; English: 307th place)

cold-atoms.physics.lsa.umich.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

arizona.edu (Global: 1,520^th place; English: 1,044^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

buffalo.edu (Global: 4,409^th place; English: 2,820^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

gsu.edu (Global: 2,981^st place; English: 3,158^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

mayoclinic.org (Global: 2,191^st place; English: 1,798^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nobelprize.org (Global: 265^th place; English: 450^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

space.com (Global: 862^nd place; English: 703^rd place)

uea.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,154^th place)

umich.edu (Global: 429^th place; English: 307^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)