ASTM D5293-17a, Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between –10 °C and –35 °C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International. 2017. doi:10.1520/D5293-17A.
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US patent 3350922, Kim Dae Sik & Gerald K. Vick, "Engine viscosity simulator", issued 1967-11-07, assigned to Esso Research and Engineering Company