Color blindness (English Wikipedia)

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Simunovic MP, Regan BC, Mollon JD (1 December 2001). "Is Color Vision Deficiency an Advantage under Scotopic Conditions?". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 42 (13): 3357–3364. ISSN 1552-5783. PMID 11726645. Archived from the original on 26 March 2025. Retrieved 27 September 2025.

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Nuñez JR (2018). "Optimizing colormaps with consideration for color vision deficiency to enable accurate interpretation of scientific data". PLOS ONE. 13 (7) e0199239. arXiv:1712.01662. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1399239N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199239. PMC 6070163. PMID 30067751.

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"Colour blindness not all it seems". BBC News. 6 December 2015. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
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Blom JD (2009). A Dictionary of Hallucinations. Springer. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4419-1222-0. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016.
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Rodriguez-Carmona M, Patterson EJ (2020). "Photoreceptors, Color Vision" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology. pp. 1–7. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27851-8_277-3. ISBN 978-3-642-27851-8. S2CID 226504635. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.

colourblindawareness.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Types of Colour Blindness". Colour Blind Awareness. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014.
"Types of Colour Blindness". Colour Blind Awareness. Retrieved 27 March 2026.
"Acquired colour vision defects". colourblindawareness.org. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014.
"Colour Blindness: Experience it". Colour Blind Awareness. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.

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Caprette H. "14 Avoiding the Use of Color Alone to Convey Meaning and Algorithms That Help". Best Practices in Accessible Online Design. Pressbooks @ MSL. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.

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Sharpe LT, Stockman A, Jägle H, Nathans J (1999). "Opsin genes, cone photopigments, color vision, and color blindness.". Color vision: From genes to perception (PDF). p. 351. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2023. True cases of tritanomaly, as distinct from partial or incomplete tritanopia, have never been satisfactorily documented. Although the separate existence of tritanopia and tritanomaly, with different modes of inheritance, has been postulated, it now seems more likely that tritanomaly does not exist, but rather has been mistaken for incomplete tritanopia.

digitalspaceart.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hoffman PS. "Accommodating Color Blindness" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2009.

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Gordon N (March 1998). "Colour blindness". Public Health. 112 (2): 81–4. doi:10.1038/sj.ph.1900446. ISSN 0033-3506. PMID 9581449.
Judd DB (1 June 1943). "Facts of Color-Blindness". JOSA. 33 (6): 294–307. Bibcode:1943JOSA...33..294J. doi:10.1364/JOSA.33.000294. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
Gómez-Robledo L (2018). "Do EnChroma glasses improve color vision for colorblind subjects?". Optics Express. 26 (22): 28693–28703. Bibcode:2018OExpr..2628693G. doi:10.1364/OE.26.028693. hdl:10481/57698. PMID 30470042. S2CID 53721875.
Marmor MF, Lanthony P (March 2001). "The dilemma of color deficiency and art". Survey of Ophthalmology. 45 (5): 407–15. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(00)00192-2. PMID 11274694.
Marmor MF (February 2016). "Vision, eye disease, and art: 2015 Keeler Lecture". Eye. 30 (2): 287–303. doi:10.1038/eye.2015.197. PMC 4763116. PMID 26563659.
Weiss AH, Biersdorf WR (1989). "Blue cone monochromatism". Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 26 (5): 218–23. doi:10.3928/0191-3913-19890901-04. PMID 2795409. S2CID 23037026.
Simunovic MP (May 2010). "Colour vision deficiency". Eye. 24 (5): 747–55. doi:10.1038/eye.2009.251. PMID 19927164.
Deeb SS (2006). "Genetics of variation in human color vision and the retinal cone mosaic". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 16 (3): 301–307. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.002. PMID 16647849.
Moreland J, Kerr J (1979). "Optimization of a Rayleigh-type equation for the detection of tritanomaly". Vision Research. 19 (12): 1369–1375. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(79)90209-8. PMID 316945. S2CID 29379397.
Wong B (June 2011). "Color blindness". Nature Methods. 8 (6): 441. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1618. PMID 21774112. S2CID 36690778.
Neitz J, Neitz M (April 2011). "The genetics of normal and defective color vision". Vision Research. 51 (7): 633–51. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.002. PMC 3075382. PMID 21167193.
Hunt DM, Dulai KS, Bowmaker JK, Mollon JD (17 February 1995). "The chemistry of John Dalton's color blindness". Science. 267 (5200): 984–988. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..984H. doi:10.1126/science.7863342. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 7863342.
Neitz J, Neitz M (2011). "The genetics of normal and defective color vision". Vision Research. 51 (7): 633–651. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.002. PMC 3075382. PMID 21167193.
Graham CH, Hsia Y (28 March 1958). "Color defect and color theory; studies of normal and colorblind persons, including a subject color-blind in one eye but not in the other". Science. 127 (3300): 675–682. doi:10.1126/science.127.3300.675. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 13529033.
Fomins S (2011). "Multispectral analysis of color vision deficiency tests". Materials Science. 17 (1): 104–108. doi:10.5755/j01.ms.17.1.259.
Cole BL (1972). "The handicap of abnormal colour vision". Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 55 (8): 304–310. doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.1972.tb06271.x.
Clydesdale FM (1993). "Color as a factor in food choice". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 33 (1): 83–101. Bibcode:1993CRFSN..33...83C. doi:10.1080/10408399309527614. PMID 8424857.
Elfalah M, Sulyman N, Alrwashdeh A, Hajaj SA, Alrawashdeh S, Al-Rawashdeh A, AlRyalat SA (3 August 2022). "Assessing the impact of color blindness on the ability of identifying benign and malignant skin lesions by naked-eye examination". PLOS ONE. 17 (8) e0270487. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1770487E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270487. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 9348688. PMID 35921375.
Cole BL, Harris RW (September 2009). "Colour blindness does not preclude fame as an artist: celebrated Australian artist Clifton Pugh was a protanope". Clinical & Experimental Optometry. 92 (5): 421–8. doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2009.00384.x. PMID 19515095. S2CID 21676461.
Simonite T (5 December 2005). "Colour blindness may have hidden advantages". Nature. doi:10.1038/news051205-1.
Bosten J, Robinson J, Jordan G, Mollon J (December 2005). "Multidimensional scaling reveals a color dimension unique to 'color-deficient' observers". Current Biology. 15 (23): R950–R952. Bibcode:2005CBio...15.R950B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.11.031. PMID 16332521. S2CID 6966946.
Morgan MJ, Adam A, Mollon JD (June 1992). "Dichromats detect colour-camouflaged objects that are not detected by trichromats". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 248 (1323): 291–5. Bibcode:1992RSPSB.248..291M. doi:10.1098/rspb.1992.0074. PMID 1354367. S2CID 35694740.
"Colour-Blindness and Camouflage". Nature. 146 (3694): 226. 1940. Bibcode:1940Natur.146Q.226.. doi:10.1038/146226a0. S2CID 4071103.
Verhulst S, Maes FW (1 November 1998). "Scotopic vision in colour-blinds". Vision Research. 38 (21): 3387–3390. doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00339-8. ISSN 0042-6989. PMID 9893853.
Sousa BR, Loureiro TM, Goulart PR, Cortes MI, Costa MF, Bonci DM, Baran LC, Hauzman E, Ventura DF, Miquilini L, Souza GS (21 October 2020). "Specificity of the chromatic noise influence on the luminance contrast discrimination to the color vision phenotype". Scientific Reports. 10 (1) 17897. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1017897S. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74875-3. PMC 7578001. PMID 33087826.
Hovis JK (July 2002). "Diagnosis of Defective Colour Vision, 2nd Ed". Optometry and Vision Science. 79 (7): 406. doi:10.1097/00006324-200207000-00005. ISSN 1538-9235.
Nuñez JR (2018). "Optimizing colormaps with consideration for color vision deficiency to enable accurate interpretation of scientific data". PLOS ONE. 13 (7) e0199239. arXiv:1712.01662. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1399239N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199239. PMC 6070163. PMID 30067751.
Rodriguez-Carmona M, Patterson EJ (2020). "Photoreceptors, Color Vision" (PDF). Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology. pp. 1–7. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27851-8_277-3. ISBN 978-3-642-27851-8. S2CID 226504635. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
Choi AR, Braun JM, Papandonatos GD, Greenberg PB (November 2017). "Occupational styrene exposure and acquired dyschromatopsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis". American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 60 (11): 930–946. doi:10.1002/ajim.22766. PMC 5652067. PMID 28836685.
Betancur-Sánchez AM, Vásquez-Trespalacios EM, Sardi-Correa C (January 2017). "Impaired colour vision in workers exposed to organic solvents: A systematic review". Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia. 92 (1): 12–18. doi:10.1016/j.oftal.2016.05.008. PMID 27422480.
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Hunt D, Dulai K, Bowmaker J, Mollon J (17 February 1995). "The Chemistry of John Dalton's Color Blindness". Science. 267 (5200): 984–988. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..984H. doi:10.1126/science.7863342. PMID 7863342. S2CID 6764146.
Josserand M, Meeussen E, Majid A, Dediu D (2021). "Environment and Culture Shape Both the Colour Lexicon and the Genetics of Colour Perception". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 19095. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1119095J. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98550-3. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8476573. PMID 34580373.
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Birch J (2012). "Subjects with colour vision deficiency in the community: what do primary care physicians need to know?". Journal of the Optical Society of America A. 29 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1364/JOSAA.29.000313. PMID 22472762.
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Walls GL (1956). "The G. Palmer Story (Or, 'What It's Like, Sometimes, to Be a Scientist')". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 11 (1): 66–96. doi:10.1093/jhmas/XI.1.66. ISSN 0022-5045. JSTOR 24619193. PMID 13295579.
Hunt DM, Dulai KS, Bowmaker JK, Mollon JD (17 February 1995). "The chemistry of John Dalton's color blindness". Science. 267 (5200): 984–988. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..984H. doi:10.1126/science.7863342. PMID 7863342. S2CID 6764146.
Vingrys AJ, Cole BL (1986). "Origins of colour vision standards within the transport industry". Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics. 6 (4): 369–75. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.1986.tb01155.x. PMID 3306566. S2CID 41486427.
Mollon JD, Cavonius LR (2012). "The Lagerlunda collision and the introduction of color vision testing". Survey of Ophthalmology. 57 (2): 178–94. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2011.10.003. PMID 22301271.
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Edridge-Green FW (1913). "Trichromic Vision and Anomalous Trichromatism". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character. 86 (586): 164–170. doi:10.1098/rspb.1913.0010. ISSN 0950-1193. JSTOR 80517. S2CID 129045064.
Cole B (September 2016). "Colour Blindness and Driving". Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 99 (5): 484–487. doi:10.1111/cxo.12396. PMID 27470192. S2CID 26368283.

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Gómez-Robledo L (2018). "Do EnChroma glasses improve color vision for colorblind subjects?". Optics Express. 26 (22): 28693–28703. Bibcode:2018OExpr..2628693G. doi:10.1364/OE.26.028693. hdl:10481/57698. PMID 30470042. S2CID 53721875.
Simon-Liedtke JT, Farup I (February 2016). "Evaluating color vision deficiency daltonization methods using a behavioral visual-search method". Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation. 35: 236–247. doi:10.1016/j.jvcir.2015.12.014. hdl:11250/2461824.

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timesofindia.indiatimes.com

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Edridge-Green FW (1913). "Trichromic Vision and Anomalous Trichromatism". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character. 86 (586): 164–170. doi:10.1098/rspb.1913.0010. ISSN 0950-1193. JSTOR 80517. S2CID 129045064.

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Gordon N (March 1998). "Colour blindness". Public Health. 112 (2): 81–4. doi:10.1038/sj.ph.1900446. ISSN 0033-3506. PMID 9581449.
Gómez-Robledo L (2018). "Do EnChroma glasses improve color vision for colorblind subjects?". Optics Express. 26 (22): 28693–28703. Bibcode:2018OExpr..2628693G. doi:10.1364/OE.26.028693. hdl:10481/57698. PMID 30470042. S2CID 53721875.
Marmor MF, Lanthony P (March 2001). "The dilemma of color deficiency and art". Survey of Ophthalmology. 45 (5): 407–15. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(00)00192-2. PMID 11274694.
Marmor MF (February 2016). "Vision, eye disease, and art: 2015 Keeler Lecture". Eye. 30 (2): 287–303. doi:10.1038/eye.2015.197. PMC 4763116. PMID 26563659.
Weiss AH, Biersdorf WR (1989). "Blue cone monochromatism". Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 26 (5): 218–23. doi:10.3928/0191-3913-19890901-04. PMID 2795409. S2CID 23037026.
Simunovic MP (May 2010). "Colour vision deficiency". Eye. 24 (5): 747–55. doi:10.1038/eye.2009.251. PMID 19927164.
Deeb SS (2006). "Genetics of variation in human color vision and the retinal cone mosaic". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 16 (3): 301–307. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.002. PMID 16647849.
Moreland J, Kerr J (1979). "Optimization of a Rayleigh-type equation for the detection of tritanomaly". Vision Research. 19 (12): 1369–1375. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(79)90209-8. PMID 316945. S2CID 29379397.
Wong B (June 2011). "Color blindness". Nature Methods. 8 (6): 441. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1618. PMID 21774112. S2CID 36690778.
Neitz J, Neitz M (April 2011). "The genetics of normal and defective color vision". Vision Research. 51 (7): 633–51. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.002. PMC 3075382. PMID 21167193.
Hunt DM, Dulai KS, Bowmaker JK, Mollon JD (17 February 1995). "The chemistry of John Dalton's color blindness". Science. 267 (5200): 984–988. Bibcode:1995Sci...267..984H. doi:10.1126/science.7863342. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 7863342.
Neitz J, Neitz M (2011). "The genetics of normal and defective color vision". Vision Research. 51 (7): 633–651. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.002. PMC 3075382. PMID 21167193.
Graham CH, Hsia Y (28 March 1958). "Color defect and color theory; studies of normal and colorblind persons, including a subject color-blind in one eye but not in the other". Science. 127 (3300): 675–682. doi:10.1126/science.127.3300.675. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 13529033.
V I, Gastaud P (1996). "Test chromatique pour dépistage et étalonnage des dyschromatopsies" [Color vision test for detection and evaluation of dyschromatopsia]. Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie (in French). 19 (11): 679–688. PMID 9033889.
Clydesdale FM (1993). "Color as a factor in food choice". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 33 (1): 83–101. Bibcode:1993CRFSN..33...83C. doi:10.1080/10408399309527614. PMID 8424857.
Elfalah M, Sulyman N, Alrwashdeh A, Hajaj SA, Alrawashdeh S, Al-Rawashdeh A, AlRyalat SA (3 August 2022). "Assessing the impact of color blindness on the ability of identifying benign and malignant skin lesions by naked-eye examination". PLOS ONE. 17 (8) e0270487. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1770487E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270487. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 9348688. PMID 35921375.
Cole BL, Harris RW (September 2009). "Colour blindness does not preclude fame as an artist: celebrated Australian artist Clifton Pugh was a protanope". Clinical & Experimental Optometry. 92 (5): 421–8. doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2009.00384.x. PMID 19515095. S2CID 21676461.
Bosten J, Robinson J, Jordan G, Mollon J (December 2005). "Multidimensional scaling reveals a color dimension unique to 'color-deficient' observers". Current Biology. 15 (23): R950–R952. Bibcode:2005CBio...15.R950B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.11.031. PMID 16332521. S2CID 6966946.
Morgan MJ, Adam A, Mollon JD (June 1992). "Dichromats detect colour-camouflaged objects that are not detected by trichromats". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 248 (1323): 291–5. Bibcode:1992RSPSB.248..291M. doi:10.1098/rspb.1992.0074. PMID 1354367. S2CID 35694740.
Verhulst S, Maes FW (1 November 1998). "Scotopic vision in colour-blinds". Vision Research. 38 (21): 3387–3390. doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00339-8. ISSN 0042-6989. PMID 9893853.
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"Debunking Myths: Understanding Color Vision Deficiency". www.zennioptical.com. 12 April 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2025.

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