Coloureds (English Wikipedia)

Buchanan, Keith; Hurwitz, N. (1950). "The "Coloured" Community in the Union of South Africa". Geographical Review. 40 (3): 397–414. Bibcode:1950GeoRv..40..397B. doi:10.2307/211217. JSTOR 211217.

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Leach, Graham (1986). South Africa: no easy path to peace. Internet Archive. London; Boston : Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-7102-0848-4.

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Milner-Thornton, Juliette Bridgette (2012). The Long Shadow of the British Empire: The Ongoing Legacies of Race and Class in Zambia. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 9–15. ISBN 978-1-349-34284-6.^{[permanent dead link]}

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Roberge, Paul T. (2002). "Afrikaans: Considering origins". Language in South Africa. pp. 79–103. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511486692.005. ISBN 978-0-521-79105-2.

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de Wit, Erika; Delport, Wayne; Rugamika, Chimusa E.; Meintjes, Ayton; Möller, Marlo; van Helden, Paul D.; Seoighe, Cathal; Hoal, Eileen G. (1 August 2010). "Genome-wide analysis of the structure of the South African Coloured Population in the Western Cape". Human Genetics. 128 (2): 145–153. doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0836-1. ISSN 1432-1203.
Neethling, Bertie (2020). "The so-called Coloured people of South Africa: Modern anthroponymic reconstruction?" (PDF). Onoma. 55: 229–246. doi:10.34158/ONOMA.55/2020/13.
Groenewald, Gerald (2010). "Slaves and Free Blacks in VOC Cape Town, 1652–1795". History Compass. 8 (9): 964–983. doi:10.1111/J.1478-0542.2010.00724.X.
Groenewald, Gerald (2010). "Slaves and Free Blacks in VOC Cape Town, 1652–1795". History Compass. 8 (9): 964–983. doi:10.1111/J.1478-0542.2010.00724.X.
Groenewald, Gerald (2010). "Slaves and Free Blacks in VOC Cape Town, 1652–1795". History Compass. 8 (9): 964–983. doi:10.1111/J.1478-0542.2010.00724.X.
Romero, Patricia (1 January 2004). "Encounter at the Cape: French Huguenots, the Khoi and Other People of Color". Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History. doi:10.1353/CCH.2004.0038.
Olga Witmer (15 September 2020). "Germans, the Dutch East India Company, and Early Colonial South Africa". German Historical Institute London Blog. doi:10.58079/P1PG.
Beyers, Jaco (8 April 2016). "Beyond denial and exclusion: The history of relations between Christians and Muslims in the Cape Colony during the 17th–18th centuries with lessons for a post-colonial theology of religions". HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. AOSIS. doi:10.4102/hts.v72i1.3117. eISSN 2072-8050. ISSN 0259-9422. Archived from the original on 20 May 2026.
Da Costa, Yusuf (1992). "Assimilatory processes amongst the Cape Muslims in South Africa during the 19th century". South African Journal of Sociology. 23: 5–11. doi:10.1080/02580144.1992.10520103.
Morton, Fred (9 May 2019). Leshilo, Thabo (ed.). "The story of Oromo slaves bound for Arabia who were brought to South Africa". doi:10.64628/AAJ.ts9kw33ck.
De Wit, Erika; Delport, Wayne; Rugamika, Chimusa E.; Meintjes, Ayton; Möller, Marlo; Van Helden, Paul D.; Seoighe, Cathal; Hoal, Eileen G. (2010). "Genome-wide analysis of the structure of the South African Coloured Population in the Western Cape". Human Genetics. 128 (2): 145–153. doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0836-1. PMID 20490549.
de Wit, E; Delport, W; Rugamika, CE; Meintjes, A; Möller, M; van Helden, PD; Seoighe, C; Hoal, EG (August 2010). "Genome-wide analysis of the structure of the South African Coloured Population in the Western Cape". Human Genetics. 128 (2): 145–53. doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0836-1. PMID 20490549. S2CID 24696284.
Pfennig, Aaron; Petersen, Lindsay N; Kachambwa, Paidamoyo; Lachance, Joseph (6 April 2023). Eyre-Walker, Adam (ed.). "Evolutionary Genetics and Admixture in African Populations". Genome Biology and Evolution. 15 (4) evad054. doi:10.1093/gbe/evad054. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 10118306. PMID 36987563.
Lankheet, Imke; Hammarén, Rickard; Caballero, Lucía Ximena Alva; Larena, Maximilian; Malmström, Helena; Jolly, Cecile; Soodyall, Himla; Jongh, Michael de; Schlebusch, Carina (22 July 2025). "Wide-scale Geographical Analysis of Genetic Ancestry in the South African Coloured Population". BMC Biology. 23 (1) 219. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02317-5. PMC 12281806. PMID 40696318. A number of studies has investigated the genetics of the SAC individuals [13, 26–29], mainly of those living close to Cape Town. They confirm the inferences drawn from historical records: the six main demographic groups that contributed to the genetic pool of the SAC were the Khoe-San (19.1–43.0%), Bantu-speakers/West Africans (17.9–33.0%), East Africans (< 3%), South Asians/Indians, Southeast Asians (Asian ancestries: 9.0–19.9%) and Europeans (19.3–38.5%)
Petersen, Desiree C.; Libiger, Ondrej; Tindall, Elizabeth A.; Hardie, Rae-Anne; Hannick, Linda I.; Glashoff, Richard H.; Mukerji, Mitali; Indian Genome Variation Consortium; Fernandez, Pedro; Haacke, Wilfrid; Schork, Nicholas J.; Hayes, Vanessa M. (14 March 2013). Williams, Scott M. (ed.). "Complex Patterns of Genomic Admixture within Southern Africa". PLOS Genetics. 9 (3) e1003309. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003309. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 3597481. PMID 23516368.
Quintana-Murci, L; Harmant, C; H, Quach; Balanovsky, O; Zaporozhchenko, V; Bormans, C; van Helden, PD; et al. (2010). "Strong maternal Khoisan contribution to the South African coloured population: a case of gender-biased admixture". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (4): 611–620. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.014. PMC 2850426. PMID 20346436.
Schlebusch, CM; Naidoo, T; Soodyall, H (2009). "SNaPshot minisequencing to resolve mitochondrial macro-haplogroups found in Africa". Electrophoresis. 30 (21): 3657–3664. doi:10.1002/elps.200900197. PMID 19810027. S2CID 19515426.
Palmer, Fileve T. (2016). "Racialism and Representation in the Rainbow Nation". SAGE Open. 6 (4) 2158244016673873. doi:10.1177/2158244016673873.
Moores, Phyllis; Vaaja, Ulla; Smart, Elizabeth (1991). "D__ andDc_ Gene Complexes in the Coloureds and Blacks of Natal and the Eastern Cape and Blood Group Phenotype and Gene Frequency Studies in the Natal Coloured Population". Human Heredity. 41 (5): 295–304. doi:10.1159/000154016. ISSN 1423-0062. PMID 1778605.
Roberge, Paul T. (2002). "Afrikaans: Considering origins". Language in South Africa. pp. 79–103. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511486692.005. ISBN 978-0-521-79105-2.
Buchanan, Keith; Hurwitz, N. (1950). "The "Coloured" Community in the Union of South Africa". Geographical Review. 40 (3): 397–414. Bibcode:1950GeoRv..40..397B. doi:10.2307/211217. JSTOR 211217.
Van Den Berghe, Pierre L. (1960). "Miscegenation in South Africa". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. 1 (4): 68–84. doi:10.3406/cea.1960.3680.
Jackson, Sebastian (January 2024). "Miscegenation Madness". Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race. 21 (2): 223–249. doi:10.1017/S1742058X24000080.
Barnabas, Shanade (11 July 2022). "KhoeSan Identity and Language in South Africa: Articulations of Reclamation". Critical Arts. 33 (4–5): 89–103. doi:10.1080/02560046.2019.1702071.

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Vahed, Goolam (2004). "The Quest for 'Malay' identity in Apartheid South Africa". Alternation. 11. hdl:10520/AJA10231757_695.
Palmer, Fileve T. (2015). Through a Coloured Lens: Post-Apartheid Identity amongst Coloureds in KZN (PhD). Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University. hdl:2022/19854.

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Choudhury, Manilata (2014). "The Mardijkers of Batavia: Construction of a Colonial Identity (1619-1650)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 75: 901–910. JSTOR 44158475.
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Buchanan, Keith; Hurwitz, N. (1950). "The "Coloured" Community in the Union of South Africa". Geographical Review. 40 (3): 397–414. Bibcode:1950GeoRv..40..397B. doi:10.2307/211217. JSTOR 211217.

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Moores, Phyllis; Vaaja, Ulla; Smart, Elizabeth (1991). "D__ andDc_ Gene Complexes in the Coloureds and Blacks of Natal and the Eastern Cape and Blood Group Phenotype and Gene Frequency Studies in the Natal Coloured Population". Human Heredity. 41 (5): 295–304. doi:10.1159/000154016. ISSN 1423-0062. PMID 1778605.

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De Wit, Erika; Delport, Wayne; Rugamika, Chimusa E.; Meintjes, Ayton; Möller, Marlo; Van Helden, Paul D.; Seoighe, Cathal; Hoal, Eileen G. (2010). "Genome-wide analysis of the structure of the South African Coloured Population in the Western Cape". Human Genetics. 128 (2): 145–153. doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0836-1. PMID 20490549.
de Wit, E; Delport, W; Rugamika, CE; Meintjes, A; Möller, M; van Helden, PD; Seoighe, C; Hoal, EG (August 2010). "Genome-wide analysis of the structure of the South African Coloured Population in the Western Cape". Human Genetics. 128 (2): 145–53. doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0836-1. PMID 20490549. S2CID 24696284.
Pfennig, Aaron; Petersen, Lindsay N; Kachambwa, Paidamoyo; Lachance, Joseph (6 April 2023). Eyre-Walker, Adam (ed.). "Evolutionary Genetics and Admixture in African Populations". Genome Biology and Evolution. 15 (4) evad054. doi:10.1093/gbe/evad054. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 10118306. PMID 36987563.
Lankheet, Imke; Hammarén, Rickard; Caballero, Lucía Ximena Alva; Larena, Maximilian; Malmström, Helena; Jolly, Cecile; Soodyall, Himla; Jongh, Michael de; Schlebusch, Carina (22 July 2025). "Wide-scale Geographical Analysis of Genetic Ancestry in the South African Coloured Population". BMC Biology. 23 (1) 219. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02317-5. PMC 12281806. PMID 40696318. A number of studies has investigated the genetics of the SAC individuals [13, 26–29], mainly of those living close to Cape Town. They confirm the inferences drawn from historical records: the six main demographic groups that contributed to the genetic pool of the SAC were the Khoe-San (19.1–43.0%), Bantu-speakers/West Africans (17.9–33.0%), East Africans (< 3%), South Asians/Indians, Southeast Asians (Asian ancestries: 9.0–19.9%) and Europeans (19.3–38.5%)
Petersen, Desiree C.; Libiger, Ondrej; Tindall, Elizabeth A.; Hardie, Rae-Anne; Hannick, Linda I.; Glashoff, Richard H.; Mukerji, Mitali; Indian Genome Variation Consortium; Fernandez, Pedro; Haacke, Wilfrid; Schork, Nicholas J.; Hayes, Vanessa M. (14 March 2013). Williams, Scott M. (ed.). "Complex Patterns of Genomic Admixture within Southern Africa". PLOS Genetics. 9 (3) e1003309. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003309. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 3597481. PMID 23516368.
Quintana-Murci, L; Harmant, C; H, Quach; Balanovsky, O; Zaporozhchenko, V; Bormans, C; van Helden, PD; et al. (2010). "Strong maternal Khoisan contribution to the South African coloured population: a case of gender-biased admixture". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (4): 611–620. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.014. PMC 2850426. PMID 20346436.
Schlebusch, CM; Naidoo, T; Soodyall, H (2009). "SNaPshot minisequencing to resolve mitochondrial macro-haplogroups found in Africa". Electrophoresis. 30 (21): 3657–3664. doi:10.1002/elps.200900197. PMID 19810027. S2CID 19515426.
Moores, Phyllis; Vaaja, Ulla; Smart, Elizabeth (1991). "D__ andDc_ Gene Complexes in the Coloureds and Blacks of Natal and the Eastern Cape and Blood Group Phenotype and Gene Frequency Studies in the Natal Coloured Population". Human Heredity. 41 (5): 295–304. doi:10.1159/000154016. ISSN 1423-0062. PMID 1778605.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pfennig, Aaron; Petersen, Lindsay N; Kachambwa, Paidamoyo; Lachance, Joseph (6 April 2023). Eyre-Walker, Adam (ed.). "Evolutionary Genetics and Admixture in African Populations". Genome Biology and Evolution. 15 (4) evad054. doi:10.1093/gbe/evad054. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 10118306. PMID 36987563.
Lankheet, Imke; Hammarén, Rickard; Caballero, Lucía Ximena Alva; Larena, Maximilian; Malmström, Helena; Jolly, Cecile; Soodyall, Himla; Jongh, Michael de; Schlebusch, Carina (22 July 2025). "Wide-scale Geographical Analysis of Genetic Ancestry in the South African Coloured Population". BMC Biology. 23 (1) 219. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02317-5. PMC 12281806. PMID 40696318. A number of studies has investigated the genetics of the SAC individuals [13, 26–29], mainly of those living close to Cape Town. They confirm the inferences drawn from historical records: the six main demographic groups that contributed to the genetic pool of the SAC were the Khoe-San (19.1–43.0%), Bantu-speakers/West Africans (17.9–33.0%), East Africans (< 3%), South Asians/Indians, Southeast Asians (Asian ancestries: 9.0–19.9%) and Europeans (19.3–38.5%)
Petersen, Desiree C.; Libiger, Ondrej; Tindall, Elizabeth A.; Hardie, Rae-Anne; Hannick, Linda I.; Glashoff, Richard H.; Mukerji, Mitali; Indian Genome Variation Consortium; Fernandez, Pedro; Haacke, Wilfrid; Schork, Nicholas J.; Hayes, Vanessa M. (14 March 2013). Williams, Scott M. (ed.). "Complex Patterns of Genomic Admixture within Southern Africa". PLOS Genetics. 9 (3) e1003309. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003309. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 3597481. PMID 23516368.
Quintana-Murci, L; Harmant, C; H, Quach; Balanovsky, O; Zaporozhchenko, V; Bormans, C; van Helden, PD; et al. (2010). "Strong maternal Khoisan contribution to the South African coloured population: a case of gender-biased admixture". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (4): 611–620. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.014. PMC 2850426. PMID 20346436.

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de Wit, E; Delport, W; Rugamika, CE; Meintjes, A; Möller, M; van Helden, PD; Seoighe, C; Hoal, EG (August 2010). "Genome-wide analysis of the structure of the South African Coloured Population in the Western Cape". Human Genetics. 128 (2): 145–53. doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0836-1. PMID 20490549. S2CID 24696284.
Schlebusch, CM; Naidoo, T; Soodyall, H (2009). "SNaPshot minisequencing to resolve mitochondrial macro-haplogroups found in Africa". Electrophoresis. 30 (21): 3657–3664. doi:10.1002/elps.200900197. PMID 19810027. S2CID 19515426.

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