Coltan (English Wikipedia)

Ewan Sutherland (11 April 2011). Coltan, the Congo and your cell phone: The connection between your mobile phone and human rights abuses in Africa (Report). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. p. 6. SSRN 1752822. affiliated with Research Associate, CRIDS, University of Namur1 and University of the Witwatersrand.

danchurchaid.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Söderberg, Mattias (22 September 2006), Is there blood on your mobile phone?, archived from the original on 13 January 2012, retrieved 16 May 2009

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Mantz, J. W (2008). "Improvisational economies: Coltan production in the eastern Congo". Social Anthropology. 16 (1): 34–50. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8676.2008.00035.x.
Smith, James H. (1 February 2011). "Tantalus in the Digital Age: Coltan ore, temporal dispossession, and "movement" in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo". American Ethnologist. 38 (1): 17–35. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01289.x.
Mustapha, A. O.; Mbuzukongira, P.; Mangala, M. J. (25 May 2007), "Occupational radiation exposures of artisans mining columbite–tantalite in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo", Journal of Radiological Protection, 27 (2), IOP Publishing Ltd: 187–95, Bibcode:2007JRP....27..187M, doi:10.1088/0952-4746/27/2/005, PMID 17664663, S2CID 1473788
Diemel, J.A. (12 February 2018). "Authority and access to the cassiterite and coltan trade in Bukama Territory (DRC)". The Extractive Industries and Society. 5 (1): 56–65. Bibcode:2018ExIS....5...56D. doi:10.1016/j.exis.2017.12.001.
Plumptre, AJ; Nixon, S; Kujirakwinja, DK; Vieilledent, G; Critchlow, R; Williamson, EA; Nishuli, R; Kirkby, AE; Hall, JS (2016). "Catastrophic Decline of World's Largest Primate: 80% Loss of Grauer's Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) Population Justifies Critically Endangered Status". PLOS ONE. 11 (10) e0162697. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1162697P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162697. PMC 5070872. PMID 27760201.
Charlotte Spira; Andrew Kirkby; Deo Kujirakwinja; Andrew J. Plumptre (11 April 2017). "The socio-economics of artisanal mining and bushmeat hunting around protected areas: Kahuzi–Biega National Park and Itombwe Nature Reserve, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo". Oryx. 53 (1): 136–144. doi:10.1017/S003060531600171X.
Leon-Kabamba N, Ngatu NR, Kakoma SJ, Nyembo C, Mbelambela EP, Moribe RJ, Wembonyama S, Danuser B, Oscar-Luboya N (October 2018). "Respiratory health of dust-exposed Congolese coltan miners". Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 91 (7): 859–864. Bibcode:2018IAOEH..91..859L. doi:10.1007/s00420-018-1329-0. PMID 29951778. S2CID 49481027.

elespectador.com (Global: 1,176^th place; English: 3,588^th place)

Nathan Jaccard (4 May 2016). "Las estrellas del Inírida" [The stars of the Inírida]. El Espectador.

enoughproject.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lezhnev, R. & Hellmuth, A. (2012). Taking conflict out of consumer gadgets: Company rankings on conflict minerals 2012. Enough Project" (PDF). 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2012.

friendsofthecongo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Friends of the Congo, Coltan: What You Should Know, archived from the original on 10 February 2008, retrieved 19 April 2008

gao.gov (Global: 2,954^th place; English: 1,848^th place)

"The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Major Challenges Impede Efforts to Achieve U.S. Policy Objectives; Systematic Assessment of Progress Is Needed" GAO-08-562T" (PDF). 6 March 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2008.

gippslandltd.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gippsland Limited, Abu Dabbab Tantalum, archived from the original on 17 October 2011, retrieved 2 April 2011

globalwitness.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

-- on request for their source the GAO gave the Global Witness report "Under-Mining Peace: Tin - the Explosive Trade in Cassiterite in Eastern DRC" 30 June 2005 ^{[permanent dead link]}

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

"One of the world's rarest apes faces extinction". Veld & Flora. 103 (4): 150. January 2018. hdl:10520/EJC-c236ee9d4. ISSN 0042-3203.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Mustapha, A. O.; Mbuzukongira, P.; Mangala, M. J. (25 May 2007), "Occupational radiation exposures of artisans mining columbite–tantalite in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo", Journal of Radiological Protection, 27 (2), IOP Publishing Ltd: 187–95, Bibcode:2007JRP....27..187M, doi:10.1088/0952-4746/27/2/005, PMID 17664663, S2CID 1473788
Diemel, J.A. (12 February 2018). "Authority and access to the cassiterite and coltan trade in Bukama Territory (DRC)". The Extractive Industries and Society. 5 (1): 56–65. Bibcode:2018ExIS....5...56D. doi:10.1016/j.exis.2017.12.001.
Plumptre, AJ; Nixon, S; Kujirakwinja, DK; Vieilledent, G; Critchlow, R; Williamson, EA; Nishuli, R; Kirkby, AE; Hall, JS (2016). "Catastrophic Decline of World's Largest Primate: 80% Loss of Grauer's Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) Population Justifies Critically Endangered Status". PLOS ONE. 11 (10) e0162697. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1162697P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162697. PMC 5070872. PMID 27760201.
Leon-Kabamba N, Ngatu NR, Kakoma SJ, Nyembo C, Mbelambela EP, Moribe RJ, Wembonyama S, Danuser B, Oscar-Luboya N (October 2018). "Respiratory health of dust-exposed Congolese coltan miners". Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 91 (7): 859–864. Bibcode:2018IAOEH..91..859L. doi:10.1007/s00420-018-1329-0. PMID 29951778. S2CID 49481027.

icij.org (Global: 6,620^th place; English: 5,021^st place)

Emilia Díaz-Struck; Joseph Poliszuk (4 March 2012). "Venezuela emerges as new source of 'conflict' minerals". International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
"Five things you need to know about coltan". ICIJ. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2020.

insightcrime.org (Global: 4,285^th place; English: 2,946^th place)

"Sinaloa Cartel Expands Influence in Colombia". Insight Crime. 2 March 2011.

investingnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is Coltan? 5 Facts You Should Know | INN". Investing News Network. 19 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2020.

linkedin.com (Global: 895^th place; English: 692^nd place)

Nova Dies Company profile LinkedIn

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"Highland African Mining Company closes mine in Marropino, Mozambique". MacauHub. 2 August 2013.

newsday.co.tt (Global: low place; English: 6,398^th place)

The coltan killing fields, Newsday, 9 July 2014

newsecuritybeat.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Coltan, Cell Phones, and Conflict: The War Economy of the DRC". New Security Beat. 2 December 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2020.

newvision.co.ug (Global: 5,945^th place; English: 3,303^rd place)

"Uganda indicted for plunder of natural wealth:Congo report: Uganda indicted for plunder of natural wealth". New Vision. 24 October 2002. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mustapha, A. O.; Mbuzukongira, P.; Mangala, M. J. (25 May 2007), "Occupational radiation exposures of artisans mining columbite–tantalite in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo", Journal of Radiological Protection, 27 (2), IOP Publishing Ltd: 187–95, Bibcode:2007JRP....27..187M, doi:10.1088/0952-4746/27/2/005, PMID 17664663, S2CID 1473788
Plumptre, AJ; Nixon, S; Kujirakwinja, DK; Vieilledent, G; Critchlow, R; Williamson, EA; Nishuli, R; Kirkby, AE; Hall, JS (2016). "Catastrophic Decline of World's Largest Primate: 80% Loss of Grauer's Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) Population Justifies Critically Endangered Status". PLOS ONE. 11 (10) e0162697. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1162697P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162697. PMC 5070872. PMID 27760201.
Leon-Kabamba N, Ngatu NR, Kakoma SJ, Nyembo C, Mbelambela EP, Moribe RJ, Wembonyama S, Danuser B, Oscar-Luboya N (October 2018). "Respiratory health of dust-exposed Congolese coltan miners". Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 91 (7): 859–864. Bibcode:2018IAOEH..91..859L. doi:10.1007/s00420-018-1329-0. PMID 29951778. S2CID 49481027.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Plumptre, AJ; Nixon, S; Kujirakwinja, DK; Vieilledent, G; Critchlow, R; Williamson, EA; Nishuli, R; Kirkby, AE; Hall, JS (2016). "Catastrophic Decline of World's Largest Primate: 80% Loss of Grauer's Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) Population Justifies Critically Endangered Status". PLOS ONE. 11 (10) e0162697. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1162697P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162697. PMC 5070872. PMID 27760201.

nmckenya.go.ke (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kenya National Mining Corporation, Kenya Discovers Coltan Deposits | National Mining Corporation Kenya, Kenya National Mining Corporation, retrieved 13 July 2024 US Geological Survey (2006), Minerals Yearbook Nb & Ta, United States Geological Survey, retrieved 3 June 2008

noventa.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tantalum supplement" (PDF), Mining Journal, November 2007, archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008, retrieved 3 June 2008

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

Alex Chadwick (2 May 2001). "Coltan Mining and Eastern Congo's Gorillas". Radio Expeditions. NPR. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2018. partner organization=National Geographic Society, updated 20 December 2001

nrcan.gc.ca (Global: 2,765^th place; English: 1,858^th place)

Arlene Drake (20 September 2012). "Canadian Reserves of Selected Major Metals and Recent Production Decisions". Natural Resources Canada.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Donald G. Mcneil Jr. (19 June 2010). "Next for Afghanistan, the Curse of Plenty?". The New York Times.

oecdwatch.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Friends of the Earth-United States (4 August 2004). "FOE complaint to Department of State concerning U.S. companies". Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
Friends of the Earth-United States (4 August 2004). "Groups File Complaint With State Department Against Three American Companies Named in UN Report". Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2009.

polinares.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dorner, Ulrike; Franken, Gudrun; Liedtke, Maren; Sievers, Henrike (1 March 2012). "Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.

project2049.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tiffany Ma. "China and Congo's coltan connection" (PDF). Futuregram. Project 2049 Institute. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018 – via Google Scholar.
Tiffany Ma, "China and Congo's Coltan Connection," Project 2049 Futuregram (09-003), 22 June 2009, at http://project2049.net/documents/china_and_congos_coltan_connection.pdf

rescue.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"IRC Study Shows Congo's Neglected Crisis Leaves 5.4 Million Dead; Peace Deal in N. Kivu, Increased Aid Critical to Reducing Death Toll". 22 January 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2011.

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

af.reuters.com

"Congo in talks with Malaysia Smelting over tin foundry". Reuters. 3 October 2011. Archived from the original on 31 October 2011.

roape.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Jackson, Stephen. "Making a killing: criminality and coping in the Kivu war economy". Review of African Political Economy. ROAPE Publications. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2013.

semana.com (Global: 1,372^nd place; English: 3,104^th place)

Más sal a la herida en relaciones entre Colombia y Venezuela, 04 December 2009
"Carteles mexicanos estarían detrás de coltán incautado en Colombia: Una alianza entre capos de ese país y grupos ilegales de nuestro país estaría explotando el mineral que es sacado hacia Brasil" [Mexican cartels said to be behind Coltan seizure in Columbia: An alliance between capos of that country and illegal groups of our country said to be exploiting the ore that is taken to Brazil.]. Semana (in Spanish). 13 September 2012.
"Estrella fluvial de Inírida un paraíso amenazado por la minería" [Inírida fluvial star, a paradise threatened by mining]. Semana (in Spanish).
"La selva herida por la minería: Colombianos y extranjeros están afectando la frágil geografía de la Orinoquia y la Amazonia, afiebrados por la ambición del oro y del coltán" [The jungle wounded by mining: Colombians and foreigners are affecting the fragile geography of the Orinoquia and the Amazon, fevered by the ambition of gold and coltan] (in Spanish). 29 March 2013.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Mustapha, A. O.; Mbuzukongira, P.; Mangala, M. J. (25 May 2007), "Occupational radiation exposures of artisans mining columbite–tantalite in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo", Journal of Radiological Protection, 27 (2), IOP Publishing Ltd: 187–95, Bibcode:2007JRP....27..187M, doi:10.1088/0952-4746/27/2/005, PMID 17664663, S2CID 1473788
Leon-Kabamba N, Ngatu NR, Kakoma SJ, Nyembo C, Mbelambela EP, Moribe RJ, Wembonyama S, Danuser B, Oscar-Luboya N (October 2018). "Respiratory health of dust-exposed Congolese coltan miners". Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 91 (7): 859–864. Bibcode:2018IAOEH..91..859L. doi:10.1007/s00420-018-1329-0. PMID 29951778. S2CID 49481027.

ssrn.com (Global: 703^rd place; English: 501^st place)

papers.ssrn.com

Ewan Sutherland (11 April 2011). Coltan, the Congo and your cell phone: The connection between your mobile phone and human rights abuses in Africa (Report). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. p. 6. SSRN 1752822. affiliated with Research Associate, CRIDS, University of Namur1 and University of the Witwatersrand.

tanb.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tantalum-Niobium International Study Centre, Coltan, archived from the original on 14 January 2016, retrieved 27 January 2008
"Applications for Tantalum". Retrieved 3 June 2008.
"'Coltan' | Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center". Tanb.org. Archived from the original on 28 October 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center. "Tantalum". Retrieved 27 January 2008.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30^th place; English: 24^th place)

Louise Gray (2 December 2008). "Jane Goodall issues call to save gorillas: Jane Goodall, the famous conservationist, has called on the world to protect gorillas under threat from ongoing deforestation and war". The Telegraph.

theweek.co.uk (Global: 5,158^th place; English: 3,340^th place)

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thewest.com.au (Global: 3,165^th place; English: 1,780^th place)

Nick Evans (17 April 2017). "Worm turns for Atlas as Wodgina, ore prices conspire against it". The West Australian.

un.org (Global: 97^th place; English: 164^th place)

Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 October 2003), S/2003/1027, United Nations, retrieved 19 April 2008
"Security Council Condemns Illegal Exploitation of Democratic Republic of Congo's Natural Resources" (Press release). UN. 3 May 2001. Retrieved 12 May 2008.

usgs.gov (Global: 167^th place; English: 198^th place)

minerals.usgs.gov

"Commodity Report 2008: Tantalum" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 24 October 2008.
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Kenya National Mining Corporation, Kenya Discovers Coltan Deposits | National Mining Corporation Kenya, Kenya National Mining Corporation, retrieved 13 July 2024 US Geological Survey (2006), Minerals Yearbook Nb & Ta, United States Geological Survey, retrieved 3 June 2008
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"Niobium (Columbium) and Tantalum: Statistics and Information". USGS. 2018.
1990-1993: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994 Minerals Yearbook (MYB), "Columbium (niobium) and tantalum" by Larry D. Cunningham, Table 10; 1994-1997: MYB 1998 Table 10; 1998-2001: MYB 2002 p. 21.13; 2002-2003: MYB 2004 p. 20.13; 2004: MYB 2008 p. 52.12; 2005-2009: MYB 2009 p. 52.13. USGS did not report data for other countries (China, Kazakhstan, Russia, etc.) owing to data uncertainties. .
2008 Minerals Yearbook, USGS
U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2002, Tantalum p. 166-7
U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2005, Tantalum p. 166-7

vice.com (Global: 175^th place; English: 137^th place)

"The VICE Guide to Congo". Vice.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2013.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Tantalum-Niobium International Study Centre, Coltan, archived from the original on 14 January 2016, retrieved 27 January 2008
Congo: war-torn heart of Africa, 1 December 2008, archived from the original on 25 August 2013, retrieved 18 October 2012
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"The VICE Guide to Congo". Vice.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
Söderberg, Mattias (22 September 2006), Is there blood on your mobile phone?, archived from the original on 13 January 2012, retrieved 16 May 2009
"Tantalum supplement" (PDF), Mining Journal, November 2007, archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008, retrieved 3 June 2008
Thomas R. Yager. "The Mineral Industry of Rwanda" (PDF). 2009 Minerals Yearbook: Rwanda. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2012.
"Uganda indicted for plunder of natural wealth:Congo report: Uganda indicted for plunder of natural wealth". New Vision. 24 October 2002. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018.
Tiffany Ma. "China and Congo's coltan connection" (PDF). Futuregram. Project 2049 Institute. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018 – via Google Scholar.
"Lezhnev, R. & Hellmuth, A. (2012). Taking conflict out of consumer gadgets: Company rankings on conflict minerals 2012. Enough Project" (PDF). 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2012.
Billy Batware (5 December 2011). The Role of Multinational Corporations in the Democratic Republic of the Counge (PDF) (Report). ACUNS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
Jackson, Stephen. "Making a killing: criminality and coping in the Kivu war economy". Review of African Political Economy. ROAPE Publications. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
Dorner, Ulrike; Franken, Gudrun; Liedtke, Maren; Sievers, Henrike (1 March 2012). "Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
Friends of the Earth-United States (4 August 2004). "FOE complaint to Department of State concerning U.S. companies". Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
Friends of the Earth-United States (4 August 2004). "Groups File Complaint With State Department Against Three American Companies Named in UN Report". Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
Friends of the Congo, Coltan: What You Should Know, archived from the original on 10 February 2008, retrieved 19 April 2008
Alex Chadwick (2 May 2001). "Coltan Mining and Eastern Congo's Gorillas". Radio Expeditions. NPR. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2018. partner organization=National Geographic Society, updated 20 December 2001
"Congo in talks with Malaysia Smelting over tin foundry". Reuters. 3 October 2011. Archived from the original on 31 October 2011.
"The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Major Challenges Impede Efforts to Achieve U.S. Policy Objectives; Systematic Assessment of Progress Is Needed" GAO-08-562T" (PDF). 6 March 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2008.
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wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

Katie Drummond (4 June 2010). "No, the U.S. didn't just 'discover' A $1T Afghan motherlode (updated)". Wired.

wits.ac.za (Global: low place; English: 9,373^rd place)

link.wits.ac.za

Ewan Sutherland (11 April 2011). Coltan, the Congo and your cell phone: The connection between your mobile phone and human rights abuses in Africa (Report). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. p. 6. SSRN 1752822. affiliated with Research Associate, CRIDS, University of Namur1 and University of the Witwatersrand.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

"One of the world's rarest apes faces extinction". Veld & Flora. 103 (4): 150. January 2018. hdl:10520/EJC-c236ee9d4. ISSN 0042-3203.

Coltan (English Wikipedia)

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newsday.co.tt (Global: low place; English: 6,398^th place)

newvision.co.ug (Global: 5,945^th place; English: 3,303^rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

nrcan.gc.ca (Global: 2,765^th place; English: 1,858^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

semana.com (Global: 1,372^nd place; English: 3,104^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 703^rd place; English: 501^st place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 30^th place; English: 24^th place)

theweek.co.uk (Global: 5,158^th place; English: 3,340^th place)

thewest.com.au (Global: 3,165^th place; English: 1,780^th place)

un.org (Global: 97^th place; English: 164^th place)

usgs.gov (Global: 167^th place; English: 198^th place)

vice.com (Global: 175^th place; English: 137^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

wits.ac.za (Global: low place; English: 9,373^rd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)