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Mayr G (2004). "A partial skeleton of a new fossil loon (Aves, Gaviiformes) from the early Oligocene of Germany with preserved stomach content". Journal of Ornithology. 145 (4): 281–286. doi:10.1007/s10336-004-0050-9. S2CID1070943.
Storrs Olson (1985). "Section X.I. Gaviiformes"(PDF). In D. S. Farner, J. R. King & Kenneth C. Parkes (ed.). Avian Biology. Vol. 8. pp. 212–214. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
Storrs Olson (1985). "Section X.I. Gaviiformes"(PDF). In D. S. Farner, J. R. King & Kenneth C. Parkes (ed.). Avian Biology. Vol. 8. pp. 212–214. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-12-22.