Hall, Arthur Graham; Frink, Fred Goodrich (1909). "Chapter IV. Logarithms [23] Common logarithms". Trigonometry. Vol. Part I: Plane Trigonometry. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 31.
For example, Bessel, F. W. (1825). "Über die Berechnung der geographischen Längen und Breiten aus geodätischen Vermessungen". Astronomische Nachrichten. 331 (8): 852–861. arXiv:0908.1823. Bibcode:1825AN......4..241B. doi:10.1002/asna.18260041601. S2CID118630614.
gives (beginning of section 8) ,
.
From the context, it is understood that
, the minor radius of the earth ellipsoid
in toise (a large number), whereas
, the eccentricity of the earth ellipsoid
(a small number).
For example, Bessel, F. W. (1825). "Über die Berechnung der geographischen Längen und Breiten aus geodätischen Vermessungen". Astronomische Nachrichten. 331 (8): 852–861. arXiv:0908.1823. Bibcode:1825AN......4..241B. doi:10.1002/asna.18260041601. S2CID118630614.
gives (beginning of section 8) ,
.
From the context, it is understood that
, the minor radius of the earth ellipsoid
in toise (a large number), whereas
, the eccentricity of the earth ellipsoid
(a small number).
For example, Bessel, F. W. (1825). "Über die Berechnung der geographischen Längen und Breiten aus geodätischen Vermessungen". Astronomische Nachrichten. 331 (8): 852–861. arXiv:0908.1823. Bibcode:1825AN......4..241B. doi:10.1002/asna.18260041601. S2CID118630614.
gives (beginning of section 8) ,
.
From the context, it is understood that
, the minor radius of the earth ellipsoid
in toise (a large number), whereas
, the eccentricity of the earth ellipsoid
(a small number).
For example, Bessel, F. W. (1825). "Über die Berechnung der geographischen Längen und Breiten aus geodätischen Vermessungen". Astronomische Nachrichten. 331 (8): 852–861. arXiv:0908.1823. Bibcode:1825AN......4..241B. doi:10.1002/asna.18260041601. S2CID118630614.
gives (beginning of section 8) ,
.
From the context, it is understood that
, the minor radius of the earth ellipsoid
in toise (a large number), whereas
, the eccentricity of the earth ellipsoid
(a small number).