Common raven (English Wikipedia)

Rozell, Ned. "The Raven's Game of Hide and Seek". Alaska Science Forum. Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Archived from the original on 2007-06-11. Retrieved 2007-05-07.

alaska.gov

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Schwan, Mark (January 1990). "Raven: The Northern Bird of Paradox". Alaska Fish and Game. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved 2007-02-12.

alaskapublic.org

Anchorage, Rhonda McBride, KNBA- (2024-01-30). "Anchorage's white raven becomes a local legend as a tracked trickster". Alaska Public Media. Retrieved 2024-12-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ancienttexts.org

Jones, M. "The Death of Cu Chulainn". Academy for Ancient Texts. Retrieved 2007-05-19.

animaldiversity.org

"Corvus corax (Common raven)". Animal Diversity Web.

archive.org

Heinrich, Bernd (1989). Ravens in Winter. New York: Summit Books. ISBN 978-0-671-67809-8.
Phillott, D.C. (1907). "Note on the common raven-Corvus corax". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 3: 115–116.
Ford, Patrick K. (1977). "Branwen daughter of Llŷr". The Mabinogi and Other Medieval Welsh Tales. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03414-3.

archive.today

Anonymous. (2013) "Corvus corax – Linnaeus, 1758 (Common Raven)" in Deomurari, A.N. (Compiler), 2010. AVIS-IBIS (Avian Information System – Indian BioDiversity Information System) v. 1.0. Foundation For Ecological Security, India

audubonportland.org

"Common Raven". Audubon Society of Portland. 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2012.

baltimorebirdclub.org

"Baltimore Bird Club. Group Name for Birds: A Partial List". Retrieved 2007-06-03.

biblegateway.com

"Genesis 8:6-8 - New King James Version". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
"Luke 12:24 - New Living Translation". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 2023-07-02.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Eates, KR (1939). "The distribution and nidification of the Indian (Punjab) Raven (Corvus corax laurencei Hume) in Sind". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 40 (4): 747–750.
Droste, Ferdinand Baron von (1869). "Vogelfauna der Färöer (Färöernes Fuglefauna af Sysselmaand Müller 1862.) Aus dem Dänischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen versehen. Teil 1". Journal of Ornithology (in German). 17 (2): 107–118. Bibcode:1869JOrni..17..107V. doi:10.1007/BF02261546. S2CID 43875817.
Hingston, R W G (1927). "Bird notes from the Mount Everest expedition of 1924". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 32 (2): 320–329.

biolovision.net

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Malafosse, J. (1985). "Quelques données sur le Hibou grand-duc (Bubo bubo) dans le département de la Lozère de 1978 à 1984" (PDF). Le Grand-Duc. 26: 26–32.

birdsoftheworld.org

Boarman, W I; Heinrich, B (2020). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.). "Common Raven (Corvus corax), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.grswoo.01. S2CID 226025386.

canadiangeographic.ca

nationalbird.canadiangeographic.ca

"Common raven (Corvus corax)". The National Bird Project. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2016.

cornell.edu

bna.birds.cornell.edu

Boarman, William I. and Heinrich, Bernd (1999) Common Raven (Corvus corax), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.

usda.mannlib.cornell.edu

Sheep and Goats Death Loss. National Agricultural Statistics Service. May 6, 2005. Retrieved 2007-12-27.

csusm.edu

public.csusm.edu

Kristan, William B.; Boarman, William I.; Crayon, John J. (March 2004). "Diet composition of common ravens across the urban-wildland interface of the West Mojave Desert" (PDF). Wildlife Society Bulletin. 32 (1): 244–253. doi:10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[244:DCOCRA]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 29170244.

digitaljournal.com

Dearing, Stephanie (5 July 2010). "Another rare white raven born this year on Canadian beach". Digital Journal. Retrieved 7 November 2014.

dof.dk

"Liste over Færøernes fugle" (PDF). Dansk Ornitologisk Forening. Retrieved 31 July 2023.

doi.org

BirdLife International (2017). "Corvus corax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22706068A113271893. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22706068A113271893.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
Omland KE; Tarr CL; Boarman WI; Marzluff JM; Fleischer RC (2000). "Cryptic genetic variation and paraphyly in ravens". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 267 (1461): 2475–2482. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1308. PMC 1690844. PMID 11197122.
Boarman, W I; Heinrich, B (2020). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.). "Common Raven (Corvus corax), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.grswoo.01. S2CID 226025386.
Feldman, Christopher R.; Omland, Kevin E. (March 2005). "Phylogenetics of the common raven complex (Corvus: Corvidae) and the utility of ND4, COI and intron 7 of the β-fibrinogen gene in avian molecular systematics". Zoologica Scripta. 34 (2): 145–156. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00182.x. S2CID 85196387.
Webb, William C.; Marzluff, John M.; Omland, Kevin E. (2011). "Random interbreeding between cryptic lineages of the Common Raven: evidence for speciation in reverse". Molecular Ecology. 20 (11): 2390–2402. Bibcode:2011MolEc..20.2390W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05095.x. PMID 21518060. S2CID 7684306.
Baker, Jason M.; Omland, Kevin E. (January 2006). "Canary Island Ravens Corvus corax tingitanus have distinct mtDNA". Ibis. 148 (1): 174–178. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00493.x.
Boarman, William I.; Heinrich, Bernd (1999). Poole, A.; Gill, F. (eds.). "Common Raven (Corvus corax)". Birds of North America. 476: 1–32. doi:10.2173/bna.476.
Elliot, R. D. (1977). "Hanging behavior in Common Ravens". Auk. 94 (4): 777–778. doi:10.2307/4085278. JSTOR 4085278.
Schwan, M. W.; Williams, D. D. (1978). "Temperature regulation in the common raven of interior Alaska". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 60: 31–36. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(78)90033-6.
Droste, Ferdinand Baron von (1869). "Vogelfauna der Färöer (Färöernes Fuglefauna af Sysselmaand Müller 1862.) Aus dem Dänischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen versehen. Teil 1". Journal of Ornithology (in German). 17 (2): 107–118. Bibcode:1869JOrni..17..107V. doi:10.1007/BF02261546. S2CID 43875817.
Gwinner, E. (1964). "Untersuchungen über das ausdrucks und Sozialverhalten des Kolkraben (Corvus corax L.)". Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie (in German). 21 (6): 657–748. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1964.tb01212.x.
Ewins, P. J.; Dymond, J. N.; Marquiss, M. (1986). "The distribution, breeding and diet of Ravens Corvus corax in Shetland". Bird Study. 33 (2): 110–116. Bibcode:1986BirdS..33..110E. doi:10.1080/00063658609476906.
Cockrem, J. F. (2007). "Stress, corticosterone responses and avian personalities". Journal of Ornithology. 148: 169–178. Bibcode:2007JOrn..148..169C. doi:10.1007/s10336-007-0175-8. S2CID 9578614.
Murie, O. J. (1940). "Food habits of the northern Bald Eagle in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska". Condor. 42 (4): 198–202. doi:10.2307/1363948. JSTOR 1363948.
Olendorff, R. R. (1976). "The food habits of North American golden eagles". American Midland Naturalist. 95 (1): 231–236. doi:10.2307/2424254. JSTOR 2424254.
Wille, F. & Kampp, K. (1983). "Food of the white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Greenland". Ecography. 6 (1): 81–88. Bibcode:1983Ecogr...6...81W. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01068.x.
Chavko, J.; Danko, Š.; Obuch, J. & Mihók, J. (2007). "The food of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in Slovakia". Slovak Raptor Journal. 1: 1–18. doi:10.2478/v10262-012-0001-y. S2CID 85142585.
Jenkins, M. A. (1978). "Gyrfalcon nesting behavior from hatching to fledging". Auk. 95 (1): 122–127. doi:10.2307/4085502. JSTOR 4085502.
Gwinner, Eberhard (April 1965). "Beobachtungen über Nestbau und Brutpflege des Kolkraben (Corvus corax L.) in Gefangenschaft". Journal of Ornithology (in German). 106 (2): 145–178. Bibcode:1965JOrni.106..145G. doi:10.1007/BF01793758. S2CID 22796437.
Janes, Stewart W. (1976). "The apparent use of rocks by a raven in nest defense" (PDF). Condor. 78 (3): 409. doi:10.2307/1367704. JSTOR 1367704. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
Temple, Stanley A. (March 1974). "Winter food habits of Ravens on the Arctic Slope of Alaska" (PDF). Arctic. 27 (1): 41–46. doi:10.14430/arctic2851. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
Nelson, A.L. (January 1934). "Some early summer food preferences of the American Raven in southeastern Oregon" (PDF). Condor. 36 (1): 10–15. doi:10.2307/1363515. JSTOR 1363515. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
Gaston, A.J.; Elliot, R.D. (1996). "Predation by Ravens Corvus corax on Brünnich's Guillemot Uria lomvia eggs and chicks and its possible impact on breeding site selection". Ibis. 138 (4): 742–748. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1996.tb08831.x.
Careau, Vincent; Lecomte, Nicolas; Giroux, Jean-François; Berteaux, Dominique (January 2007). "Common ravens raid arctic fox food caches". Journal of Ethology. 25 (1): 79–82. doi:10.1007/s10164-006-0193-7. S2CID 23425485.
Stahler, Daniel; Heinrich, Bernd; Smith, Douglas (August 2002). "Common ravens, Corvus corax, preferentially associate with grey wolves, Canis lupus, as a foraging strategy in winter". Animal Behaviour. 64 (2): 283–290. doi:10.1006/anbe.2002.3047. S2CID 53176223.
Snyder, Noel F. R.; Ramey, Rob R.; Sibley, Fred C (1986). "Nest-site Biology of the California Condor" (PDF). The Condor. 88 (2): 228–241. doi:10.2307/1368920. JSTOR 1368920.
Kristan, William B.; Boarman, William I.; Crayon, John J. (March 2004). "Diet composition of common ravens across the urban-wildland interface of the West Mojave Desert" (PDF). Wildlife Society Bulletin. 32 (1): 244–253. doi:10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[244:DCOCRA]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 29170244.
Engel, Kathleen A.; Young, Leonard S. (May 1989). "Spatial and temporal patterns in the diet of Common Ravens in southwestern Idaho" (PDF). Condor. 91 (2): 372–378. doi:10.2307/1368316. JSTOR 1368316. Retrieved 2005-05-16.
Heinrich, Bernd (1988). "Winter foraging at carcasses by three sympatric corvids, with emphasis on recruitment by the raven, Corvus corax". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 23 (3): 141–156. Bibcode:1988BEcoS..23..141H. doi:10.1007/BF00300349. S2CID 10471307.
Heinrich, Bernd (1995). "An Experimental Investigation of Insight in Common Ravens (Corvus corax)" (PDF). The Auk. 112 (4): 994–1003. doi:10.2307/4089030. JSTOR 4089030. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
Bugnyar, Thomas; Kotrschal, Kurt (2004). "Leading a conspecific away from food in ravens (Corvus corax)?" (PDF). Animal Cognition. 7 (2): 69–76. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0189-4. PMID 15069605. S2CID 6590368. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-28.
Müller, J. J. A.; Massen, J. J. M.; Bugnyar, T.; Osvath, M. (2017-06-01). "Ravens remember the nature of a single reciprocal interaction sequence over 2 days and even after a month". Animal Behaviour. 128: 69–78. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.04.004. hdl:1887/76850. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 27527201.
Massen, Jorg J. M.; Ritter, Caroline; Bugnyar, Thomas (2015-10-07). "Tolerance and reward equity predict cooperation in ravens (Corvus corax)". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 15021. Bibcode:2015NatSR...515021M. doi:10.1038/srep15021. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4595729. PMID 26442633.
Kijne, M.; Kotrschal, K (2002). "Neophobia affects choice of food-item size in group-foraging common ravens (Corvus corax)". Acta Ethologica. 5 (1): 13–18. doi:10.1007/s10211-002-0061-6. S2CID 39984855.
Pika, Simone; Sima, Miriam Jennifer; Blum, Christian R.; Herrmann, Esther; Mundry, Roger (2020-12-10). "Ravens parallel great apes in physical and social cognitive skills". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 20617. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1020617P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77060-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7728792. PMID 33303790. S2CID 228099688.
Larsen, Kenneth H.; Dietrich, John H. (January 1970). "Reduction of a raven population on lambing grounds with DRC-1339". Journal of Wildlife Management. 34 (1): 200–204. doi:10.2307/3799509. JSTOR 3799509.
Pohja-Mykrä M; Vuorisalo T; Mykrä S (2005). "Hunting bounties as a key measure of historical wildlife management and game conservation: Finnish bounty schemes 1647–1975". Oryx. 39 (3): 284–291. doi:10.1017/S0030605305000785.
Lavelle, Michael J.; Kay, Shannon L.; Pepin, Kim M.; Grear, Daniel A.; Campa, Henry; VerCauteren, Kurt C. (2016-12-01). "Evaluating wildlife-cattle contact rates to improve the understanding of dynamics of bovine tuberculosis transmission in Michigan, USA". Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 135: 28–36. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.009. ISSN 0167-5877. PMID 27931926.
Wheeler, Sarah S.; Barker, Christopher M.; Fang, Ying; Armijos, M. Veronica; Carroll, Brian D.; Husted, Stan; Johnson, Wesley O.; Reisen, William K. (2009). "Differential Impact of West Nile Virus on California Birds". The Condor. 111 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1525/cond.2009.080013. ISSN 0010-5422. PMC 2892874. PMID 20589226.
Bogoras, W. (1902). "The Folklore of Northeastern Asia, as Compared with That of Northwestern America". American Anthropologist. 4 (4): 577–683. doi:10.1525/aa.1902.4.4.02a00020.

environment.gov.au

Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme Satin Bowerbird

etymonline.com

"Raven". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-05-14.

euring.org

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"Raven". British Garden Birds. Retrieved 2012-12-19.

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"Yukon Territorial Bird". Government of Yukon. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012. Retrieved 2007-05-16.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Oberholser, Harry C. (1918). "The Common Ravens of North America". The Ohio Journal of Science. 18 (6): 213–225. hdl:1811/1993.
Müller, J. J. A.; Massen, J. J. M.; Bugnyar, T.; Osvath, M. (2017-06-01). "Ravens remember the nature of a single reciprocal interaction sequence over 2 days and even after a month". Animal Behaviour. 128: 69–78. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.04.004. hdl:1887/76850. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 27527201.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Webb, William C.; Marzluff, John M.; Omland, Kevin E. (2011). "Random interbreeding between cryptic lineages of the Common Raven: evidence for speciation in reverse". Molecular Ecology. 20 (11): 2390–2402. Bibcode:2011MolEc..20.2390W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05095.x. PMID 21518060. S2CID 7684306.
Droste, Ferdinand Baron von (1869). "Vogelfauna der Färöer (Färöernes Fuglefauna af Sysselmaand Müller 1862.) Aus dem Dänischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen versehen. Teil 1". Journal of Ornithology (in German). 17 (2): 107–118. Bibcode:1869JOrni..17..107V. doi:10.1007/BF02261546. S2CID 43875817.
Ewins, P. J.; Dymond, J. N.; Marquiss, M. (1986). "The distribution, breeding and diet of Ravens Corvus corax in Shetland". Bird Study. 33 (2): 110–116. Bibcode:1986BirdS..33..110E. doi:10.1080/00063658609476906.
Cockrem, J. F. (2007). "Stress, corticosterone responses and avian personalities". Journal of Ornithology. 148: 169–178. Bibcode:2007JOrn..148..169C. doi:10.1007/s10336-007-0175-8. S2CID 9578614.
Wille, F. & Kampp, K. (1983). "Food of the white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Greenland". Ecography. 6 (1): 81–88. Bibcode:1983Ecogr...6...81W. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1983.tb01068.x.
Gwinner, Eberhard (April 1965). "Beobachtungen über Nestbau und Brutpflege des Kolkraben (Corvus corax L.) in Gefangenschaft". Journal of Ornithology (in German). 106 (2): 145–178. Bibcode:1965JOrni.106..145G. doi:10.1007/BF01793758. S2CID 22796437.
Heinrich, Bernd (1988). "Winter foraging at carcasses by three sympatric corvids, with emphasis on recruitment by the raven, Corvus corax". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 23 (3): 141–156. Bibcode:1988BEcoS..23..141H. doi:10.1007/BF00300349. S2CID 10471307.
Massen, Jorg J. M.; Ritter, Caroline; Bugnyar, Thomas (2015-10-07). "Tolerance and reward equity predict cooperation in ravens (Corvus corax)". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 15021. Bibcode:2015NatSR...515021M. doi:10.1038/srep15021. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4595729. PMID 26442633.
Pika, Simone; Sima, Miriam Jennifer; Blum, Christian R.; Herrmann, Esther; Mundry, Roger (2020-12-10). "Ravens parallel great apes in physical and social cognitive skills". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 20617. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1020617P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77060-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7728792. PMID 33303790. S2CID 228099688.

hiwwt.org.uk

"Raven | Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust". www.hiwwt.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-10-03.

iucnredlist.org

BirdLife International (2017). "Corvus corax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22706068A113271893. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22706068A113271893.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

jstor.org

Elliot, R. D. (1977). "Hanging behavior in Common Ravens". Auk. 94 (4): 777–778. doi:10.2307/4085278. JSTOR 4085278.
Murie, O. J. (1940). "Food habits of the northern Bald Eagle in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska". Condor. 42 (4): 198–202. doi:10.2307/1363948. JSTOR 1363948.
Olendorff, R. R. (1976). "The food habits of North American golden eagles". American Midland Naturalist. 95 (1): 231–236. doi:10.2307/2424254. JSTOR 2424254.
Jenkins, M. A. (1978). "Gyrfalcon nesting behavior from hatching to fledging". Auk. 95 (1): 122–127. doi:10.2307/4085502. JSTOR 4085502.
Janes, Stewart W. (1976). "The apparent use of rocks by a raven in nest defense" (PDF). Condor. 78 (3): 409. doi:10.2307/1367704. JSTOR 1367704. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
Nelson, A.L. (January 1934). "Some early summer food preferences of the American Raven in southeastern Oregon" (PDF). Condor. 36 (1): 10–15. doi:10.2307/1363515. JSTOR 1363515. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
Snyder, Noel F. R.; Ramey, Rob R.; Sibley, Fred C (1986). "Nest-site Biology of the California Condor" (PDF). The Condor. 88 (2): 228–241. doi:10.2307/1368920. JSTOR 1368920.
Engel, Kathleen A.; Young, Leonard S. (May 1989). "Spatial and temporal patterns in the diet of Common Ravens in southwestern Idaho" (PDF). Condor. 91 (2): 372–378. doi:10.2307/1368316. JSTOR 1368316. Retrieved 2005-05-16.
Heinrich, Bernd (1995). "An Experimental Investigation of Insight in Common Ravens (Corvus corax)" (PDF). The Auk. 112 (4): 994–1003. doi:10.2307/4089030. JSTOR 4089030. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
Larsen, Kenneth H.; Dietrich, John H. (January 1970). "Reduction of a raven population on lambing grounds with DRC-1339". Journal of Wildlife Management. 34 (1): 200–204. doi:10.2307/3799509. JSTOR 3799509.

kingdomofbhutan.com

Bhutan Tourism Corporation. "The Himalaya Kingdom". Archived from the original on 2007-04-29. Retrieved 2007-05-17.

mms.gov

Minerals Management Service, Alaska (2007). "Foraging Ecology of Common Ravens (Corvus corax) on Alaska's Coastal Plain (AK-93-48-51)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-24.

nature.ca

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natureserve.org

explorer.natureserve.org

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nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Omland KE; Tarr CL; Boarman WI; Marzluff JM; Fleischer RC (2000). "Cryptic genetic variation and paraphyly in ravens". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 267 (1461): 2475–2482. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1308. PMC 1690844. PMID 11197122.
Webb, William C.; Marzluff, John M.; Omland, Kevin E. (2011). "Random interbreeding between cryptic lineages of the Common Raven: evidence for speciation in reverse". Molecular Ecology. 20 (11): 2390–2402. Bibcode:2011MolEc..20.2390W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05095.x. PMID 21518060. S2CID 7684306.
Bugnyar, Thomas; Kotrschal, Kurt (2004). "Leading a conspecific away from food in ravens (Corvus corax)?" (PDF). Animal Cognition. 7 (2): 69–76. doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0189-4. PMID 15069605. S2CID 6590368. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-28.
Massen, Jorg J. M.; Ritter, Caroline; Bugnyar, Thomas (2015-10-07). "Tolerance and reward equity predict cooperation in ravens (Corvus corax)". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 15021. Bibcode:2015NatSR...515021M. doi:10.1038/srep15021. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4595729. PMID 26442633.
Pika, Simone; Sima, Miriam Jennifer; Blum, Christian R.; Herrmann, Esther; Mundry, Roger (2020-12-10). "Ravens parallel great apes in physical and social cognitive skills". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 20617. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1020617P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77060-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7728792. PMID 33303790. S2CID 228099688.
Lavelle, Michael J.; Kay, Shannon L.; Pepin, Kim M.; Grear, Daniel A.; Campa, Henry; VerCauteren, Kurt C. (2016-12-01). "Evaluating wildlife-cattle contact rates to improve the understanding of dynamics of bovine tuberculosis transmission in Michigan, USA". Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 135: 28–36. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.009. ISSN 0167-5877. PMID 27931926.
Wheeler, Sarah S.; Barker, Christopher M.; Fang, Ying; Armijos, M. Veronica; Carroll, Brian D.; Husted, Stan; Johnson, Wesley O.; Reisen, William K. (2009). "Differential Impact of West Nile Virus on California Birds". The Condor. 111 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1525/cond.2009.080013. ISSN 0010-5422. PMC 2892874. PMID 20589226.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Omland KE; Tarr CL; Boarman WI; Marzluff JM; Fleischer RC (2000). "Cryptic genetic variation and paraphyly in ravens". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 267 (1461): 2475–2482. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1308. PMC 1690844. PMID 11197122.
Massen, Jorg J. M.; Ritter, Caroline; Bugnyar, Thomas (2015-10-07). "Tolerance and reward equity predict cooperation in ravens (Corvus corax)". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 15021. Bibcode:2015NatSR...515021M. doi:10.1038/srep15021. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4595729. PMID 26442633.
Pika, Simone; Sima, Miriam Jennifer; Blum, Christian R.; Herrmann, Esther; Mundry, Roger (2020-12-10). "Ravens parallel great apes in physical and social cognitive skills". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 20617. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1020617P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77060-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7728792. PMID 33303790. S2CID 228099688.
Wheeler, Sarah S.; Barker, Christopher M.; Fang, Ying; Armijos, M. Veronica; Carroll, Brian D.; Husted, Stan; Johnson, Wesley O.; Reisen, William K. (2009). "Differential Impact of West Nile Virus on California Birds". The Condor. 111 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1525/cond.2009.080013. ISSN 0010-5422. PMC 2892874. PMID 20589226.

oed.com

"Raven". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

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