Compass (English Wikipedia)

Lowrie, William (2007). Fundamentals of Geophysics (2nd ed.). London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 281. ISBN 978-0-521-67596-3. Early in the Han dynasty, between 300 and 200 BC, the Chinese fashioned a rudimentary compass out of lodestone ... This compass may have been used in the search for gems and in the selection of sites for houses ... Their directive power led to the use of compasses for navigation...
Merrill, Ronald T.; McElhinny, Michael W. (1983). The Earth's magnetic field: Its history, origin and planetary perspective (2nd printing ed.). San Francisco: Academic press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-12-491242-7.

doi.org

Li Shu-hua, p. 176 Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 367 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Li Shu-hua, p. 182f. Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 370 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Guarnieri, M. (2014). "Once Upon a Time, the Compass". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 8 (2): 60–63. doi:10.1109/MIE.2014.2316044. S2CID 11949042.
Lane, Frederic C. (1963). "The Economic Meaning of the Invention of the Compass". The American Historical Review. 68 (3): 605–617 [615]. doi:10.2307/1847032. JSTOR 1847032.
Creak, W.H. (1920). "The History of the Liquid Compass". The Geographical Journal. 56 (3): 238–239. Bibcode:1920GeogJ..56..238C. doi:10.2307/1781554. JSTOR 1781554.
Lushnikov, E. (December 2015). "Magnetic Compass in Modern Maritime Navigation". TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. 9 (4): 539–543. doi:10.12716/1001.09.04.10. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
Gade, Kenneth (2016). "The Seven Ways to Find Heading" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 69 (5): 955–970. doi:10.1017/S0373463316000096. S2CID 53587934. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

eastmarineasia.com

"Ritchie Compass Fluid". EastMarineAsia.com.

faa.gov

"Chapter 8: Flight Instruments". Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25B ed.). Federal Aviation Administration. 2016-08-24. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2023-06-20.

ghostarchive.org

Gade, Kenneth (2016). "The Seven Ways to Find Heading" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 69 (5): 955–970. doi:10.1017/S0373463316000096. S2CID 53587934. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Creak, W.H. (1920). "The History of the Liquid Compass". The Geographical Journal. 56 (3): 238–239. Bibcode:1920GeogJ..56..238C. doi:10.2307/1781554. JSTOR 1781554.

jstor.org

Li Shu-hua, p. 176 Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 367 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Li Shu-hua, p. 182f. Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 370 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Lane, Frederic C. (1963). "The Economic Meaning of the Invention of the Compass". The American Historical Review. 68 (3): 605–617 [615]. doi:10.2307/1847032. JSTOR 1847032.
Creak, W.H. (1920). "The History of the Liquid Compass". The Geographical Journal. 56 (3): 238–239. Bibcode:1920GeogJ..56..238C. doi:10.2307/1781554. JSTOR 1781554.

landnavigation.org

Article MIL-PRF-10436N, rev. 31 October 2003, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Defense

learn-orienteering.org

Kjernsmo, Kjetil, How to use a Compass, retrieved 8 April 2012 Archived 2 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine

mapworld.co.nz

"Global Compasses". www.mapworld.co.nz. Retrieved 2023-03-16.

navlab.net

Gade, Kenneth (2016). "The Seven Ways to Find Heading" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 69 (5): 955–970. doi:10.1017/S0373463316000096. S2CID 53587934. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

nemoto.co.jp

Nemoto & Co. Ltd., Article Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine: In addition to ordinary phosphorescent luminous paint (zinc sulfide), brighter photoluminescent coatings which include radioactive isotopes such as Strontium-90, usually in the form of strontium aluminate, or tritium, which is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen are now being used on modern compasses. Tritium has the advantage that its radiation has such low energy that it cannot penetrate a compass housing.

nga.mil

msix.nga.mil

GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, National (2004). "Handbook of Magnetic Compass Adjustment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-05-09. Retrieved 2019-05-09.

orau.org

"Military Compass". Orau.org. Retrieved 2021-11-03.

patents.google.com

Kramer, Melvin G., U.S. patent 4,175,333, Magnetic Compass, Riverton, Wyoming: The Brunton Company, pub. 27 November 1979: The Brunton Pocket Transit, which uses magnetic induction damping, is an exception.

rei.com

"Declination Adjustment on a Compass". Rei.com. Retrieved 2015-06-06.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Li Shu-hua, p. 176 Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 367 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Li Shu-hua, p. 182f. Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 370 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Guarnieri, M. (2014). "Once Upon a Time, the Compass". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 8 (2): 60–63. doi:10.1109/MIE.2014.2316044. S2CID 11949042.
Gade, Kenneth (2016). "The Seven Ways to Find Heading" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 69 (5): 955–970. doi:10.1017/S0373463316000096. S2CID 53587934. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

transnav.eu

Lushnikov, E. (December 2015). "Magnetic Compass in Modern Maritime Navigation". TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. 9 (4): 539–543. doi:10.12716/1001.09.04.10. Retrieved 11 February 2016.

web.archive.org

Nemoto & Co. Ltd., Article Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine: In addition to ordinary phosphorescent luminous paint (zinc sulfide), brighter photoluminescent coatings which include radioactive isotopes such as Strontium-90, usually in the form of strontium aluminate, or tritium, which is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen are now being used on modern compasses. Tritium has the advantage that its radiation has such low energy that it cannot penetrate a compass housing.
Kjernsmo, Kjetil, How to use a Compass, retrieved 8 April 2012 Archived 2 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine
"Chapter 8: Flight Instruments". Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25B ed.). Federal Aviation Administration. 2016-08-24. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2023-06-20.
GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, National (2004). "Handbook of Magnetic Compass Adjustment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-05-09. Retrieved 2019-05-09.