Compass (English Wikipedia)

Lowrie, William (2007). Fundamentals of Geophysics (2nd ed.). London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 281. ISBN 978-0-521-67596-3. Early in the Han dynasty, between 300 and 200 BC, the Chinese fashioned a rudimentary compass out of lodestone ... This compass may have been used in the search for gems and in the selection of sites for houses ... Their directive power led to the use of compasses for navigation...
The Greek term μαγνῆτις λίθος magnētis lithos (see Platonis Opera, Meyer and Zeller, 1839, p. 989) means "Magnesian stone". It is uncertain whether the adjective μαγνῆτις "of Magnesia" should be taken to refer to the city Magnesia ad Sipylum in Lydia (modern-day Manisa, Turkey) or after the Greek region of Magnesia itself (whence came the colonist who founded the Lydian city); see, for example, "Magnet". Language Hat blog. 28 May 2005. Retrieved 22 March 2013. See also: Paul Hewitt, Conceptual Physics. 10th ed. (2006), p. 458.
In the section "A Last Word on Dragons" (亂龍篇 Luanlong) of the Lunheng: "Amber takes up straws, and a load-stone attracts needles" (頓牟掇芥，磁石引針).
Merrill, Ronald T.; McElhinny, Michael W. (1983). The Earth's magnetic field: Its history, origin and planetary perspective (2nd printing ed.). San Francisco: Academic press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-12-491242-7.

books.google.com

Keithley, Joseph F. (1999). The Story of Electrical and Magnetic Measurements: From 500 B.C. to the 1940s. John Wiley and Sons. p. 2. ISBN 0-7803-1193-0.
The American Journal of Science. 1919. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
Graf, Rudolf F (1999). Modern dictionary of electronics. Newnes. ISBN 978-0-7506-9866-5. induction compass

doi.org

Li Shu-hua, p. 176 Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 367 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Li Shu-hua, p. 182f. Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 370 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Li, Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussole". Isis (in French). 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290. un passage dans le Liu-che-tch'ouen-ts'ieou [...]: "La pierre d'aimant fait venir le fer ou elle l'attire."
From the section "Jingtong" (精通) of the "Almanac of the Last Autumn Month" (季秋紀): "慈石召鐵，或引之也]"
Guarnieri, M. (2014). "Once Upon a Time, the Compass". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 8 (2): 60–63. doi:10.1109/MIE.2014.2316044. S2CID 11949042.
Lane, Frederic C. (1963). "The Economic Meaning of the Invention of the Compass". The American Historical Review. 68 (3): 605–617 [615]. doi:10.2307/1847032. JSTOR 1847032.
Creak, W.H. (1920). "The History of the Liquid Compass". The Geographical Journal. 56 (3): 238–239. Bibcode:1920GeogJ..56..238C. doi:10.2307/1781554. JSTOR 1781554.
Lushnikov, E. (December 2015). "Magnetic Compass in Modern Maritime Navigation". TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. 9 (4): 539–543. doi:10.12716/1001.09.04.10. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
Gade, Kenneth (2016). "The Seven Ways to Find Heading" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 69 (5): 955–970. Bibcode:2016JNav...69..955G. doi:10.1017/S0373463316000096. S2CID 53587934. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

eaavintage.org

Goldsborough, Brice (June 1927). "The Earth inductor compass" (PDF). Aero Digest.

eastmarineasia.com

"Ritchie Compass Fluid". EastMarineAsia.com.

faa.gov

"Chapter 8: Flight Instruments". Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25B ed.). Federal Aviation Administration. 2016-08-24. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2023-06-20.
"Chapter 5. Flight Instruments". Instrument Flying Handbook (PDF) (FAA-H-8083-15B ed.). Federal Aviation Administration Flight Standards Service. 2012. p. 15.

fsu.edu

magnet.fsu.edu

Brand, Mike; Sharon Neaves; Emily Smith (1995). "Lodestone". Museum of Electricity and Magnetism, Mag Lab U. US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2009-06-21.

ghostarchive.org

Gade, Kenneth (2016). "The Seven Ways to Find Heading" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 69 (5): 955–970. Bibcode:2016JNav...69..955G. doi:10.1017/S0373463316000096. S2CID 53587934. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Creak, W.H. (1920). "The History of the Liquid Compass". The Geographical Journal. 56 (3): 238–239. Bibcode:1920GeogJ..56..238C. doi:10.2307/1781554. JSTOR 1781554.
Gade, Kenneth (2016). "The Seven Ways to Find Heading" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 69 (5): 955–970. Bibcode:2016JNav...69..955G. doi:10.1017/S0373463316000096. S2CID 53587934. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

jstor.org

Li Shu-hua, p. 176 Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 367 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Li Shu-hua, p. 182f. Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 370 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Li, Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussole". Isis (in French). 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290. un passage dans le Liu-che-tch'ouen-ts'ieou [...]: "La pierre d'aimant fait venir le fer ou elle l'attire."
From the section "Jingtong" (精通) of the "Almanac of the Last Autumn Month" (季秋紀): "慈石召鐵，或引之也]"
Lane, Frederic C. (1963). "The Economic Meaning of the Invention of the Compass". The American Historical Review. 68 (3): 605–617 [615]. doi:10.2307/1847032. JSTOR 1847032.
Creak, W.H. (1920). "The History of the Liquid Compass". The Geographical Journal. 56 (3): 238–239. Bibcode:1920GeogJ..56..238C. doi:10.2307/1781554. JSTOR 1781554.

landnavigation.org

Article MIL-PRF-10436N, rev. 31 October 2003, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Defense

languagehat.com

The Greek term μαγνῆτις λίθος magnētis lithos (see Platonis Opera, Meyer and Zeller, 1839, p. 989) means "Magnesian stone". It is uncertain whether the adjective μαγνῆτις "of Magnesia" should be taken to refer to the city Magnesia ad Sipylum in Lydia (modern-day Manisa, Turkey) or after the Greek region of Magnesia itself (whence came the colonist who founded the Lydian city); see, for example, "Magnet". Language Hat blog. 28 May 2005. Retrieved 22 March 2013. See also: Paul Hewitt, Conceptual Physics. 10th ed. (2006), p. 458.

learn-orienteering.org

Kjernsmo, Kjetil, How to use a Compass, retrieved 8 April 2012 Archived 2 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine

mapworld.co.nz

"Global Compasses". www.mapworld.co.nz. Retrieved 2023-03-16.

navlab.net

Gade, Kenneth (2016). "The Seven Ways to Find Heading" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 69 (5): 955–970. Bibcode:2016JNav...69..955G. doi:10.1017/S0373463316000096. S2CID 53587934. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

nemoto.co.jp

Nemoto & Co. Ltd., Article Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine: In addition to ordinary phosphorescent luminous paint (zinc sulfide), brighter photoluminescent coatings which include radioactive isotopes such as Strontium-90, usually in the form of strontium aluminate, or tritium, which is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen are now being used on modern compasses. Tritium has the advantage that its radiation has such low energy that it cannot penetrate a compass housing.

nga.mil

msix.nga.mil

GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, National (2004). "Handbook of Magnetic Compass Adjustment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-05-09. Retrieved 2019-05-09.

orau.org

"Military Compass". Orau.org. Retrieved 2021-11-03.

patents.google.com

Kramer, Melvin G., U.S. patent 4,175,333, Magnetic Compass, Riverton, Wyoming: The Brunton Company, pub. 27 November 1979: The Brunton Pocket Transit, which uses magnetic induction damping, is an exception.

rei.com

"Declination Adjustment on a Compass". Rei.com. Retrieved 2015-06-06.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Li Shu-hua, p. 176 Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 367 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Li Shu-hua, p. 182f. Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussolee". Isis. 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290.
Kreutz, p. 370 Kreutz, Barbara M. (1973). "Mediterranean Contributions to the Medieval Mariner's Compass". Technology and Culture. 14 (3): 367–383. doi:10.2307/3102323. JSTOR 3102323. S2CID 111540460.
Li, Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole II. Aimant et Boussole". Isis (in French). 45 (2): 175–196. doi:10.1086/348315. JSTOR 227361. S2CID 143585290. un passage dans le Liu-che-tch'ouen-ts'ieou [...]: "La pierre d'aimant fait venir le fer ou elle l'attire."
From the section "Jingtong" (精通) of the "Almanac of the Last Autumn Month" (季秋紀): "慈石召鐵，或引之也]"
Guarnieri, M. (2014). "Once Upon a Time, the Compass". IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 8 (2): 60–63. doi:10.1109/MIE.2014.2316044. S2CID 11949042.
Gade, Kenneth (2016). "The Seven Ways to Find Heading" (PDF). The Journal of Navigation. 69 (5): 955–970. Bibcode:2016JNav...69..955G. doi:10.1017/S0373463316000096. S2CID 53587934. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

transnav.eu

Lushnikov, E. (December 2015). "Magnetic Compass in Modern Maritime Navigation". TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. 9 (4): 539–543. doi:10.12716/1001.09.04.10. Retrieved 11 February 2016.

web.archive.org

Brand, Mike; Sharon Neaves; Emily Smith (1995). "Lodestone". Museum of Electricity and Magnetism, Mag Lab U. US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
Nemoto & Co. Ltd., Article Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine: In addition to ordinary phosphorescent luminous paint (zinc sulfide), brighter photoluminescent coatings which include radioactive isotopes such as Strontium-90, usually in the form of strontium aluminate, or tritium, which is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen are now being used on modern compasses. Tritium has the advantage that its radiation has such low energy that it cannot penetrate a compass housing.
Kjernsmo, Kjetil, How to use a Compass, retrieved 8 April 2012 Archived 2 March 2020 at the Wayback Machine
"Chapter 8: Flight Instruments". Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25B ed.). Federal Aviation Administration. 2016-08-24. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2023-06-20.
GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, National (2004). "Handbook of Magnetic Compass Adjustment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-05-09. Retrieved 2019-05-09.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

The section "Fanying 2" (反應第二) of The Guiguzi: "其察言也，不失若磁石之取鍼，舌之取燔骨".