Complement component 4 (English Wikipedia)

Biedzka-Sarek M, Skurnik M (2012). "Chapter 13: Bacterial Escape from the Complement System". In Locht C, Simonet M (eds.). Bacterial Pathogenesis: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press. pp. 287–304. ISBN 978-1-904455-91-2.

doi.org

Sekar A, Bialas AR, de Rivera H, Davis A, Hammond TR, Kamitaki N, Tooley K, Presumey J, Baum M, Van Doren V, Genovese G, Rose SA, Handsaker RE, Daly MJ, Carroll MC, Stevens B, McCarroll SA (February 2016). "Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4". Nature. 530 (7589): 177–83. Bibcode:2016Natur.530..177.. doi:10.1038/nature16549. PMC 4752392. PMID 26814963.
Yang Y, Chung EK, Zhou B, Blanchong CA, Yu CY, Füst G, Kovács M, Vatay A, Szalai C, Karádi I, Varga L (September 2003). "Diversity in intrinsic strengths of the human complement system: serum C4 protein concentrations correlate with C4 gene size and polygenic variations, hemolytic activities, and body mass index". Journal of Immunology. 171 (5): 2734–45. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.5.2734. PMID 12928427.
O'Neill, Geoffrey J.; Yang, Soo Young; Tegoli, John; Dupont, Bo; Berger, Rachel (22 June 1978). "Chido and Rodgers blood groups are distinct antigenic components of human complement C4". Nature. 273 (5664): 668–670. Bibcode:1978Natur.273..668O. doi:10.1038/273668a0. PMID 78453. S2CID 4201026.
Yu CY (February 1991). "The complete exon-intron structure of a human complement component C4A gene. DNA sequences, polymorphism, and linkage to the 21-hydroxylase gene". Journal of Immunology. 146 (3): 1057–66. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.146.3.1057. PMID 1988494. S2CID 10028332.
Francke U, Pellegrino MA (March 1977). "Assignment of the major histocompatibility complex to a region of the short arm of human chromosome 6". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (3): 1147–51. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.1147F. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.3.1147. PMC 430627. PMID 265561.
Olaisen B, Teisberg P, Nordhagen R, Michaelsen T, Gedde-Dahl T (June 1979). "Human complement C4 locus is duplicated on some chromosomes". Nature. 279 (5715): 736–7. Bibcode:1979Natur.279..736O. doi:10.1038/279736a0. PMID 450123. S2CID 4236148.
Carroll MC, Porter RR (January 1983). "Cloning of a human complement component C4 gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (1): 264–7. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80..264C. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.1.264. PMC 393353. PMID 6572000.
Hall RE, Colten HR (April 1977). "Cell-free synthesis of the fourth component of guinea pig complement (C4): identification of a precursor of serum C4 (pro-C4)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (4): 1707–10. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.1707H. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.4.1707. PMC 430862. PMID 266210.
Roos MH, Mollenhauer E, Démant P, Rittner C (August 1982). "A molecular basis for the two locus model of human complement component C4". Nature. 298 (5877): 854–6. Bibcode:1982Natur.298..854R. doi:10.1038/298854a0. PMID 6180321. S2CID 4369120.
Carroll MC, Campbell RD, Bentley DR, Porter RR (1984). "A molecular map of the human major histocompatibility complex class III region linking complement genes C4, C2 and factor B". Nature. 307 (5948): 237–41. Bibcode:1984Natur.307..237C. doi:10.1038/307237a0. PMID 6559257. S2CID 12016613.
Carroll MC, Belt T, Palsdottir A, Porter RR (September 1984). "Structure and organization of the C4 genes". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 306 (1129): 379–88. Bibcode:1984RSPTB.306..379C. doi:10.1098/rstb.1984.0098. PMID 6149580.
Law SK, Dodds AW, Porter RR (August 1984). "A comparison of the properties of two classes, C4A and C4B, of the human complement component C4". The EMBO Journal. 3 (8): 1819–23. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02052.x. PMC 557602. PMID 6332733.
Vaishnaw AK, Mitchell TJ, Rose SJ, Walport MJ, Morley BJ (May 1998). "Regulation of transcription of the TATA-less human complement component C4 gene". Journal of Immunology. 160 (9): 4353–60. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.9.4353. PMID 9574539. S2CID 9257640.
Blanchong CA, Chung EK, Rupert KL, Yang Y, Yang Z, Zhou B, Moulds JM, Yu CY (March 2001). "Genetic, structural and functional diversities of human complement components C4A and C4B and their mouse homologues, Slp and C4". International Immunopharmacology. 1 (3): 365–92. doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00019-4. PMID 11367523.
Law SK, Dodds AW (February 1997). "The internal thioester and the covalent binding properties of the complement proteins C3 and C4". Protein Science. 6 (2): 263–74. doi:10.1002/pro.5560060201. PMC 2143658. PMID 9041627.
Sepp A, Dodds AW, Anderson MJ, Campbell RD, Willis AC, Law SK (May 1993). "Covalent binding properties of the human complement protein C4 and hydrolysis rate of the internal thioester upon activation". Protein Science. 2 (5): 706–16. doi:10.1002/pro.5560020502. PMC 2142499. PMID 8495193.
Wu YL, Savelli SL, Yang Y, Zhou B, Rovin BH, Birmingham DJ, Nagaraja HN, Hebert LA, Yu CY (September 2007). "Sensitive and specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to accurately determine copy number variations (CNVs) of human complement C4A, C4B, C4-long, C4-short, and RCCX modules: elucidation of C4 CNVs in 50 consanguineous subjects with defined HLA genotypes". Journal of Immunology. 179 (5): 3012–25. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.3012. PMID 17709516.
Stefansson H, Ophoff RA, Steinberg S, Andreassen OA, Cichon S, Rujescu D, et al. (August 2009). "Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia". Nature. 460 (7256): 744–7. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..744S. doi:10.1038/nature08186. PMC 3077530. PMID 19571808.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Sekar A, Bialas AR, de Rivera H, Davis A, Hammond TR, Kamitaki N, Tooley K, Presumey J, Baum M, Van Doren V, Genovese G, Rose SA, Handsaker RE, Daly MJ, Carroll MC, Stevens B, McCarroll SA (February 2016). "Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4". Nature. 530 (7589): 177–83. Bibcode:2016Natur.530..177.. doi:10.1038/nature16549. PMC 4752392. PMID 26814963.
O'Neill, Geoffrey J.; Yang, Soo Young; Tegoli, John; Dupont, Bo; Berger, Rachel (22 June 1978). "Chido and Rodgers blood groups are distinct antigenic components of human complement C4". Nature. 273 (5664): 668–670. Bibcode:1978Natur.273..668O. doi:10.1038/273668a0. PMID 78453. S2CID 4201026.
Francke U, Pellegrino MA (March 1977). "Assignment of the major histocompatibility complex to a region of the short arm of human chromosome 6". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (3): 1147–51. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.1147F. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.3.1147. PMC 430627. PMID 265561.
Olaisen B, Teisberg P, Nordhagen R, Michaelsen T, Gedde-Dahl T (June 1979). "Human complement C4 locus is duplicated on some chromosomes". Nature. 279 (5715): 736–7. Bibcode:1979Natur.279..736O. doi:10.1038/279736a0. PMID 450123. S2CID 4236148.
Carroll MC, Porter RR (January 1983). "Cloning of a human complement component C4 gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (1): 264–7. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80..264C. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.1.264. PMC 393353. PMID 6572000.
Hall RE, Colten HR (April 1977). "Cell-free synthesis of the fourth component of guinea pig complement (C4): identification of a precursor of serum C4 (pro-C4)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (4): 1707–10. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.1707H. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.4.1707. PMC 430862. PMID 266210.
Roos MH, Mollenhauer E, Démant P, Rittner C (August 1982). "A molecular basis for the two locus model of human complement component C4". Nature. 298 (5877): 854–6. Bibcode:1982Natur.298..854R. doi:10.1038/298854a0. PMID 6180321. S2CID 4369120.
Carroll MC, Campbell RD, Bentley DR, Porter RR (1984). "A molecular map of the human major histocompatibility complex class III region linking complement genes C4, C2 and factor B". Nature. 307 (5948): 237–41. Bibcode:1984Natur.307..237C. doi:10.1038/307237a0. PMID 6559257. S2CID 12016613.
Carroll MC, Belt T, Palsdottir A, Porter RR (September 1984). "Structure and organization of the C4 genes". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 306 (1129): 379–88. Bibcode:1984RSPTB.306..379C. doi:10.1098/rstb.1984.0098. PMID 6149580.
Stefansson H, Ophoff RA, Steinberg S, Andreassen OA, Cichon S, Rujescu D, et al. (August 2009). "Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia". Nature. 460 (7256): 744–7. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..744S. doi:10.1038/nature08186. PMC 3077530. PMID 19571808.

immunologyreport.com

MacConmara MP (2013). "Recognition and Management of Antibody-Mediated Rejection" (PDF). The Immunology Report. 10 (1): 6–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-07. Retrieved 2014-02-24.

lupusresearchinstitute.org

"Understanding the Immune System: How It Works" (PDF). NIH Publication No. 03–5423. U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Cancer Institute. September 2003. pp. 17–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-16. Retrieved 2016-02-20.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sekar A, Bialas AR, de Rivera H, Davis A, Hammond TR, Kamitaki N, Tooley K, Presumey J, Baum M, Van Doren V, Genovese G, Rose SA, Handsaker RE, Daly MJ, Carroll MC, Stevens B, McCarroll SA (February 2016). "Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4". Nature. 530 (7589): 177–83. Bibcode:2016Natur.530..177.. doi:10.1038/nature16549. PMC 4752392. PMID 26814963.
Yang Y, Chung EK, Zhou B, Blanchong CA, Yu CY, Füst G, Kovács M, Vatay A, Szalai C, Karádi I, Varga L (September 2003). "Diversity in intrinsic strengths of the human complement system: serum C4 protein concentrations correlate with C4 gene size and polygenic variations, hemolytic activities, and body mass index". Journal of Immunology. 171 (5): 2734–45. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.5.2734. PMID 12928427.
O'Neill, Geoffrey J.; Yang, Soo Young; Tegoli, John; Dupont, Bo; Berger, Rachel (22 June 1978). "Chido and Rodgers blood groups are distinct antigenic components of human complement C4". Nature. 273 (5664): 668–670. Bibcode:1978Natur.273..668O. doi:10.1038/273668a0. PMID 78453. S2CID 4201026.
Yu CY (February 1991). "The complete exon-intron structure of a human complement component C4A gene. DNA sequences, polymorphism, and linkage to the 21-hydroxylase gene". Journal of Immunology. 146 (3): 1057–66. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.146.3.1057. PMID 1988494. S2CID 10028332.
Francke U, Pellegrino MA (March 1977). "Assignment of the major histocompatibility complex to a region of the short arm of human chromosome 6". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (3): 1147–51. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.1147F. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.3.1147. PMC 430627. PMID 265561.
Olaisen B, Teisberg P, Nordhagen R, Michaelsen T, Gedde-Dahl T (June 1979). "Human complement C4 locus is duplicated on some chromosomes". Nature. 279 (5715): 736–7. Bibcode:1979Natur.279..736O. doi:10.1038/279736a0. PMID 450123. S2CID 4236148.
Carroll MC, Porter RR (January 1983). "Cloning of a human complement component C4 gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (1): 264–7. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80..264C. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.1.264. PMC 393353. PMID 6572000.
Hall RE, Colten HR (April 1977). "Cell-free synthesis of the fourth component of guinea pig complement (C4): identification of a precursor of serum C4 (pro-C4)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (4): 1707–10. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.1707H. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.4.1707. PMC 430862. PMID 266210.
Roos MH, Mollenhauer E, Démant P, Rittner C (August 1982). "A molecular basis for the two locus model of human complement component C4". Nature. 298 (5877): 854–6. Bibcode:1982Natur.298..854R. doi:10.1038/298854a0. PMID 6180321. S2CID 4369120.
Carroll MC, Campbell RD, Bentley DR, Porter RR (1984). "A molecular map of the human major histocompatibility complex class III region linking complement genes C4, C2 and factor B". Nature. 307 (5948): 237–41. Bibcode:1984Natur.307..237C. doi:10.1038/307237a0. PMID 6559257. S2CID 12016613.
Carroll MC, Belt T, Palsdottir A, Porter RR (September 1984). "Structure and organization of the C4 genes". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 306 (1129): 379–88. Bibcode:1984RSPTB.306..379C. doi:10.1098/rstb.1984.0098. PMID 6149580.
Law SK, Dodds AW, Porter RR (August 1984). "A comparison of the properties of two classes, C4A and C4B, of the human complement component C4". The EMBO Journal. 3 (8): 1819–23. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02052.x. PMC 557602. PMID 6332733.
Vaishnaw AK, Mitchell TJ, Rose SJ, Walport MJ, Morley BJ (May 1998). "Regulation of transcription of the TATA-less human complement component C4 gene". Journal of Immunology. 160 (9): 4353–60. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.9.4353. PMID 9574539. S2CID 9257640.
Blanchong CA, Chung EK, Rupert KL, Yang Y, Yang Z, Zhou B, Moulds JM, Yu CY (March 2001). "Genetic, structural and functional diversities of human complement components C4A and C4B and their mouse homologues, Slp and C4". International Immunopharmacology. 1 (3): 365–92. doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00019-4. PMID 11367523.
Law SK, Dodds AW (February 1997). "The internal thioester and the covalent binding properties of the complement proteins C3 and C4". Protein Science. 6 (2): 263–74. doi:10.1002/pro.5560060201. PMC 2143658. PMID 9041627.
Sepp A, Dodds AW, Anderson MJ, Campbell RD, Willis AC, Law SK (May 1993). "Covalent binding properties of the human complement protein C4 and hydrolysis rate of the internal thioester upon activation". Protein Science. 2 (5): 706–16. doi:10.1002/pro.5560020502. PMC 2142499. PMID 8495193.
Wu YL, Savelli SL, Yang Y, Zhou B, Rovin BH, Birmingham DJ, Nagaraja HN, Hebert LA, Yu CY (September 2007). "Sensitive and specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to accurately determine copy number variations (CNVs) of human complement C4A, C4B, C4-long, C4-short, and RCCX modules: elucidation of C4 CNVs in 50 consanguineous subjects with defined HLA genotypes". Journal of Immunology. 179 (5): 3012–25. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.3012. PMID 17709516.
Stefansson H, Ophoff RA, Steinberg S, Andreassen OA, Cichon S, Rujescu D, et al. (August 2009). "Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia". Nature. 460 (7256): 744–7. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..744S. doi:10.1038/nature08186. PMC 3077530. PMID 19571808.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sekar A, Bialas AR, de Rivera H, Davis A, Hammond TR, Kamitaki N, Tooley K, Presumey J, Baum M, Van Doren V, Genovese G, Rose SA, Handsaker RE, Daly MJ, Carroll MC, Stevens B, McCarroll SA (February 2016). "Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4". Nature. 530 (7589): 177–83. Bibcode:2016Natur.530..177.. doi:10.1038/nature16549. PMC 4752392. PMID 26814963.
Francke U, Pellegrino MA (March 1977). "Assignment of the major histocompatibility complex to a region of the short arm of human chromosome 6". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (3): 1147–51. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.1147F. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.3.1147. PMC 430627. PMID 265561.
Carroll MC, Porter RR (January 1983). "Cloning of a human complement component C4 gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (1): 264–7. Bibcode:1983PNAS...80..264C. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.1.264. PMC 393353. PMID 6572000.
Hall RE, Colten HR (April 1977). "Cell-free synthesis of the fourth component of guinea pig complement (C4): identification of a precursor of serum C4 (pro-C4)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (4): 1707–10. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.1707H. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.4.1707. PMC 430862. PMID 266210.
Law SK, Dodds AW, Porter RR (August 1984). "A comparison of the properties of two classes, C4A and C4B, of the human complement component C4". The EMBO Journal. 3 (8): 1819–23. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02052.x. PMC 557602. PMID 6332733.
Law SK, Dodds AW (February 1997). "The internal thioester and the covalent binding properties of the complement proteins C3 and C4". Protein Science. 6 (2): 263–74. doi:10.1002/pro.5560060201. PMC 2143658. PMID 9041627.
Sepp A, Dodds AW, Anderson MJ, Campbell RD, Willis AC, Law SK (May 1993). "Covalent binding properties of the human complement protein C4 and hydrolysis rate of the internal thioester upon activation". Protein Science. 2 (5): 706–16. doi:10.1002/pro.5560020502. PMC 2142499. PMID 8495193.
Stefansson H, Ophoff RA, Steinberg S, Andreassen OA, Cichon S, Rujescu D, et al. (August 2009). "Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia". Nature. 460 (7256): 744–7. Bibcode:2009Natur.460..744S. doi:10.1038/nature08186. PMC 3077530. PMID 19571808.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

O'Neill, Geoffrey J.; Yang, Soo Young; Tegoli, John; Dupont, Bo; Berger, Rachel (22 June 1978). "Chido and Rodgers blood groups are distinct antigenic components of human complement C4". Nature. 273 (5664): 668–670. Bibcode:1978Natur.273..668O. doi:10.1038/273668a0. PMID 78453. S2CID 4201026.
Yu CY (February 1991). "The complete exon-intron structure of a human complement component C4A gene. DNA sequences, polymorphism, and linkage to the 21-hydroxylase gene". Journal of Immunology. 146 (3): 1057–66. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.146.3.1057. PMID 1988494. S2CID 10028332.
Olaisen B, Teisberg P, Nordhagen R, Michaelsen T, Gedde-Dahl T (June 1979). "Human complement C4 locus is duplicated on some chromosomes". Nature. 279 (5715): 736–7. Bibcode:1979Natur.279..736O. doi:10.1038/279736a0. PMID 450123. S2CID 4236148.
Roos MH, Mollenhauer E, Démant P, Rittner C (August 1982). "A molecular basis for the two locus model of human complement component C4". Nature. 298 (5877): 854–6. Bibcode:1982Natur.298..854R. doi:10.1038/298854a0. PMID 6180321. S2CID 4369120.
Carroll MC, Campbell RD, Bentley DR, Porter RR (1984). "A molecular map of the human major histocompatibility complex class III region linking complement genes C4, C2 and factor B". Nature. 307 (5948): 237–41. Bibcode:1984Natur.307..237C. doi:10.1038/307237a0. PMID 6559257. S2CID 12016613.
Vaishnaw AK, Mitchell TJ, Rose SJ, Walport MJ, Morley BJ (May 1998). "Regulation of transcription of the TATA-less human complement component C4 gene". Journal of Immunology. 160 (9): 4353–60. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.9.4353. PMID 9574539. S2CID 9257640.

web.archive.org

"Understanding the Immune System: How It Works" (PDF). NIH Publication No. 03–5423. U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Cancer Institute. September 2003. pp. 17–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-16. Retrieved 2016-02-20.
MacConmara MP (2013). "Recognition and Management of Antibody-Mediated Rejection" (PDF). The Immunology Report. 10 (1): 6–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-07. Retrieved 2014-02-24.