Compost (English Wikipedia)

Kinney, Chad A.; Furlong, Edward T.; Zaugg, Steven D.; Burkhardt, Mark R.; Werner, Stephen L.; Cahill, Jeffery D.; Jorgensen, Gretchen R. (December 2006). "Survey of Organic Wastewater Contaminants in Biosolids Destined for Land Application †". Environmental Science & Technology. 40 (23): 7207–7215. Bibcode:2006EnST...40.7207K. doi:10.1021/es0603406. PMID 17180968. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.

agric.wa.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Composting to avoid methane production". www.agric.wa.gov.au. 15 October 2021. Archived from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 16 November 2021.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

"EPA regulations for compost use". Archived from the original on 30 July 2012.

baden-wuerttemberg.de (Global: 3,471^st place; English: low place)

landwirtschaft-mlr.baden-wuerttemberg.de

"Startseite". 7 April 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

"Washington becomes first US state to legalise human composting". BBC News. 21 May 2019. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

Prasad, Ritu (30 January 2019). "How do you compost a human body – and why would you?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2023.

biocycle.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Organics Recycling in Australia". BioCycle. 2011. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2017.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Masters, Gilbert M. (1997). Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science. Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780131553842. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
Haug, Roger (1993). The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering. CRC Press. ISBN 9780873713733. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
Laws, Bill (2014). A History of the Garden in Fifty Tools. University of Chicago Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0226139937. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

boston.com (Global: 310^th place; English: 208^th place)

Tyler, Aubin (21 March 2010). "The case for mandatory composting". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 25 August 2010. Retrieved 19 September 2010.

ccme.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment - Guidelines for Compost Quality" (PDF). CCME Documents. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2017.

cdnsciencepub.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Morera, M T; Echeverría, J.; Garrido, J. (1 November 2002). "Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge". Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 82 (4): 433–438. Bibcode:2002CaJSS..82..433M. doi:10.4141/S01-072. hdl:2454/10748. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.

compost.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Consensus Canadian national standards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

compostingcouncil.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"STA Feedstocks". U.S. Composting Council. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
"Erosion Benefits - US Composting Council". www.compostingcouncil.org. Archived from the original on 25 August 2025. Retrieved 9 October 2025.
"US Composting Council". Compostingcouncil.org. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
"US Composting Council". US Composting Council. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
"US Composting Council testing parameters".

compostingtechnology.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Earth Flow™ - Green Mountain Technologies". 3 August 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2025.

compostsegria.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Phases of composting". Compost Segrià. Retrieved 14 February 2025.

cornell.edu (Global: 332^nd place; English: 246^th place)

compost.css.cornell.edu

"Compost Physics - Cornell Composting". compost.css.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
Trautmann, Nancy; Olynciw, Elaina. "Compost Microorganisms". CORNELL Composting. Cornell Waste Management Institute. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
"The Effect of Lignin on Biodegradability - Cornell Composting". cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2009.

ecommons.cornell.edu

"Home Composting" (PDF). Cornell Waste Management Institute. 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
"Natural Rendering: Composting Livestock Mortality and Butcher Waste" (PDF). Cornell Waste Management Institute. 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2020.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid; Zech, Wolfgang; Hatcher, Patrick G. (1988). "Chemical composition of the organic matter in forest soils: The humus layer". Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde. 151 (5): 331–340. doi:10.1002/jpln.19881510512. ISSN 0044-3263.
Marchant, Roger; Franzetti, Andrea; Pavlostathis, Spyros G.; Tas, Didem Okutman; Erdbrűgger, Isabel; Űnyayar, Ali; Mazmanci, Mehmet A.; Banat, Ibrahim M. (1 April 2008). "Thermophilic bacteria in cool temperate soils: are they metabolically active or continually added by global atmospheric transport?". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 78 (5): 841–852. doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1372-y. ISSN 1432-0614. PMID 18256821. S2CID 24884198. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
Zeigler, Daniel R. (January 2014). "The Geobacillus paradox: why is a thermophilic bacterial genus so prevalent on a mesophilic planet?". Microbiology. 160 (Pt 1): 1–11. doi:10.1099/mic.0.071696-0. ISSN 1465-2080. PMID 24085838.
Gerba, C. (1 August 1995). "Occurrence of enteric pathogens in composted domestic solid waste containing disposable diapers". Waste Management & Research. 13 (4): 315–324. Bibcode:1995WMR....13..315G. doi:10.1016/S0734-242X(95)90081-0. ISSN 0734-242X. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
Mehl, Jessica; Kaiser, Josephine; Hurtado, Daniel; Gibson, Daragh A.; Izurieta, Ricardo; Mihelcic, James R. (3 February 2011). "Pathogen destruction and solids decomposition in composting latrines: study of fundamental mechanisms and user operation in rural Panama". Journal of Water and Health. 9 (1): 187–199. Bibcode:2011JWH.....9..187M. doi:10.2166/wh.2010.138. ISSN 1477-8920. PMID 21301126.
Milinković, Mira; Lalević, Blažo; Jovičić-Petrović, Jelena; Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna; Kljujev, Igor; Raičević, Vera (January 2019). "Biopotential of compost and compost products derived from horticultural waste—Effect on plant growth and plant pathogens' suppression". Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 121: 299–306. Bibcode:2019PSEP..121..299M. doi:10.1016/j.psep.2018.09.024. ISSN 0957-5820. S2CID 104755582. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
El-Masry, M.H.; Khalil, A.I.; Hassouna, M.S.; Ibrahim, H.A.H. (1 August 2002). "In situ and in vitro suppressive effect of agricultural composts and their water extracts on some phytopathogenic fungi". World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 18 (6): 551–558. doi:10.1023/A:1016302729218. ISSN 1573-0972. S2CID 81831444. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
Domingo, J. L.; Nadal, M. (August 2012). "Domestic waste composting facilities: a review of human health risks". Environment International. 35 (2): 382–9. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.004. PMID 18701167.
Kinney, Chad A.; Furlong, Edward T.; Zaugg, Steven D.; Burkhardt, Mark R.; Werner, Stephen L.; Cahill, Jeffery D.; Jorgensen, Gretchen R. (December 2006). "Survey of Organic Wastewater Contaminants in Biosolids Destined for Land Application †". Environmental Science & Technology. 40 (23): 7207–7215. Bibcode:2006EnST...40.7207K. doi:10.1021/es0603406. PMID 17180968. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
Morera, M T; Echeverría, J.; Garrido, J. (1 November 2002). "Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge". Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 82 (4): 433–438. Bibcode:2002CaJSS..82..433M. doi:10.4141/S01-072. hdl:2454/10748. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
Trimmer, J.T.; Margenot, A.J.; Cusick, R.D.; Guest, J.S. (2019). "Aligning Product Chemistry and Soil Context for Agronomic Reuse of Human-Derived Resources". Environmental Science and Technology. 53 (11): 6501–6510. Bibcode:2019EnST...53.6501T. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b00504. PMID 31017776. S2CID 131775180.
Kalamdhad, Ajay S.; Kazmi, A. A. (1 March 2009). "Effects of turning frequency on compost stability and some chemical characteristics in a rotary drum composter". Chemosphere. 74 (10): 1327–1334. Bibcode:2009Chmsp..74.1327K. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.058. ISSN 0045-6535. PMID 19118861.
Ndegwa, P.M.; Thompson, S.A.; Das, K.C. (1998). "Effects of stocking density and feeding rate on vermicomposting of biosolids" (PDF). Bioresource Technology. 71: 5–12. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00055-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
Lalander, Cecilia; Nordberg, Åke; Vinnerås, Björn (2018). "A comparison in product-value potential in four treatment strategies for food waste and faeces – assessing composting, fly larvae composting and anaerobic digestion". GCB Bioenergy. 10 (2): 84–91. Bibcode:2018GCBBi..10...84L. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12470. ISSN 1757-1707.
Banks, Ian J.; Gibson, Walter T.; Cameron, Mary M. (1 January 2014). "Growth rates of black soldier fly larvae fed on fresh human faeces and their implication for improving sanitation". Tropical Medicine & International Health. 19 (1): 14–22. doi:10.1111/tmi.12228. ISSN 1365-3156. PMID 24261901. S2CID 899081.
Aslam, DN; Vandergheynst, JS; Rumsey, TR (2008). "Development of models for predicting carbon mineralization and associated phytotoxicity in compost-amended soil". Bioresour Technol. 99 (18): 8735–41. Bibcode:2008BiTec..99.8735A. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.074. PMID 18585031.
Morel, P.; Guillemain, G. (2004). "Assessment of the possible phytotoxicity of a substrate using an easy and representative biotest". Acta Horticulturae (644): 417–423. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.644.55.
Aslam DN, et al. (2008). "Development of models for predicting carbon mineralization and associated phytotoxicity in compost-amended soil". Bioresour Technol. 99 (18): 8735–8741. Bibcode:2008BiTec..99.8735A. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.074. PMID 18585031.
Bahramisharif, Amirhossein; Rose, Laura E. (2019). "Efficacy of biological agents and compost on growth and resistance of tomatoes to late blight". Planta. 249 (3): 799–813. Bibcode:2019Plant.249..799B. doi:10.1007/s00425-018-3035-2. ISSN 1432-2048. PMID 30406411.
St. Martin, C. C.G.; Brathwaite, R. A.I. (2012). "Compost and compost tea: Principles and prospects as substrates and soil-borne disease management strategies in soil-less vegetable production" (PDF). Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 28 (1): 1–33. Bibcode:2012BioAH..28....1S. doi:10.1080/01448765.2012.671516. ISSN 0144-8765. S2CID 49226669.
Neugebauer, Maciej (10 January 2021). "A compost heating solution for a greenhouse in north-eastern Poland in fall". Journal of Cleaner Production. 279 123613. Bibcode:2021JCPro.27923613N. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123613. S2CID 224919030. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.

dx.doi.org

Milinković, Mira; Lalević, Blažo; Jovičić-Petrović, Jelena; Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna; Kljujev, Igor; Raičević, Vera (January 2019). "Biopotential of compost and compost products derived from horticultural waste—Effect on plant growth and plant pathogens' suppression". Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 121: 299–306. Bibcode:2019PSEP..121..299M. doi:10.1016/j.psep.2018.09.024. ISSN 0957-5820. S2CID 104755582. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.

earthworm.co.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ndegwa, P.M.; Thompson, S.A.; Das, K.C. (1998). "Effects of stocking density and feeding rate on vermicomposting of biosolids" (PDF). Bioresource Technology. 71: 5–12. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00055-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2021.

eawag.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

Tilley, Elizabeth; Ulrich, Lukas; Lüthi, Christoph; Reymond, Philippe; Zurbrügg, Chris (2014). "Septic tanks". Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies (2nd ed.). Duebendorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). ISBN 978-3-906484-57-0. Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2018.

ecfr.gov (Global: 5,608^th place; English: 3,261^st place)

"Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 40, part 503. Standards for the use or disposal of sewage sludge". U.S. Government Printing Office. 1998. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2009.

edie.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Anglesey households achieve 100% food waste recycling". edie.net. 3 December 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2013.

edmonton.ca (Global: low place; English: 7,845^th place)

"Edmonton, AB, Canada Co-composting facility". Archived from the original on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2009.

environment.gov.au (Global: 2,543^rd place; English: 1,964^th place)

Australian quality standards

epa.gov (Global: 882^nd place; English: 600^th place)

"Reduce, Reuse, Recycle - US EPA". US EPA. 17 April 2013. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
"Reducing the Impact of Wasted Food by Feeding the Soil and Composting". Sustainable Management of Food. US EPA. 12 August 2015. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
US EPA, OLEM (12 August 2015). "Composting". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
US EPA, OLEM (12 August 2015). "Reducing the Impact of Wasted Food by Feeding the Soil and Composting". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
"EPA regulations for compost use". Archived from the original on 30 July 2012.
"PFAS Strategic Roadmap: EPA's Commitments to Action 2021-2024". EPA. 14 October 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2022.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

ec.europa.eu

"Biodegradable waste". ec.europa.eu.

galegroup.com (Global: 1,830^th place; English: 1,066^th place)

link.galegroup.com

Lal, Rattan (30 November 2003). "Composting". Pollution a to Z. 1. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2019.

gardenhealth.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Compost for Specialist Plants - Garden Advice - Westland Garden Health". Garden Health. Retrieved 15 January 2024.

gnb.ca (Global: 8,074^th place; English: 5,141^st place)

Government of New Brunswick (19 May 2015). "Compost – Basics of On-Farm Composting". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 9 October 2025.

gov.wales (Global: 7,543^rd place; English: 4,776^th place)

"Open Windrow composting (OWC)" (PDF), Waste Planning Practice Guide, p. 46

gpo.gov (Global: 1,360^th place; English: 845^th place)

access.gpo.gov

"EPA Class A standards". Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

gwynedd.gov.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Gwynedd Council food recycling". Archived from the original on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2017.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Morera, M T; Echeverría, J.; Garrido, J. (1 November 2002). "Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge". Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 82 (4): 433–438. Bibcode:2002CaJSS..82..433M. doi:10.4141/S01-072. hdl:2454/10748. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Gerba, C. (1 August 1995). "Occurrence of enteric pathogens in composted domestic solid waste containing disposable diapers". Waste Management & Research. 13 (4): 315–324. Bibcode:1995WMR....13..315G. doi:10.1016/S0734-242X(95)90081-0. ISSN 0734-242X. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
Mehl, Jessica; Kaiser, Josephine; Hurtado, Daniel; Gibson, Daragh A.; Izurieta, Ricardo; Mihelcic, James R. (3 February 2011). "Pathogen destruction and solids decomposition in composting latrines: study of fundamental mechanisms and user operation in rural Panama". Journal of Water and Health. 9 (1): 187–199. Bibcode:2011JWH.....9..187M. doi:10.2166/wh.2010.138. ISSN 1477-8920. PMID 21301126.
Milinković, Mira; Lalević, Blažo; Jovičić-Petrović, Jelena; Golubović-Ćurguz, Vesna; Kljujev, Igor; Raičević, Vera (January 2019). "Biopotential of compost and compost products derived from horticultural waste—Effect on plant growth and plant pathogens' suppression". Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 121: 299–306. Bibcode:2019PSEP..121..299M. doi:10.1016/j.psep.2018.09.024. ISSN 0957-5820. S2CID 104755582. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
Kinney, Chad A.; Furlong, Edward T.; Zaugg, Steven D.; Burkhardt, Mark R.; Werner, Stephen L.; Cahill, Jeffery D.; Jorgensen, Gretchen R. (December 2006). "Survey of Organic Wastewater Contaminants in Biosolids Destined for Land Application †". Environmental Science & Technology. 40 (23): 7207–7215. Bibcode:2006EnST...40.7207K. doi:10.1021/es0603406. PMID 17180968. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
Morera, M T; Echeverría, J.; Garrido, J. (1 November 2002). "Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge". Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 82 (4): 433–438. Bibcode:2002CaJSS..82..433M. doi:10.4141/S01-072. hdl:2454/10748. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
Trimmer, J.T.; Margenot, A.J.; Cusick, R.D.; Guest, J.S. (2019). "Aligning Product Chemistry and Soil Context for Agronomic Reuse of Human-Derived Resources". Environmental Science and Technology. 53 (11): 6501–6510. Bibcode:2019EnST...53.6501T. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b00504. PMID 31017776. S2CID 131775180.
Kalamdhad, Ajay S.; Kazmi, A. A. (1 March 2009). "Effects of turning frequency on compost stability and some chemical characteristics in a rotary drum composter". Chemosphere. 74 (10): 1327–1334. Bibcode:2009Chmsp..74.1327K. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.058. ISSN 0045-6535. PMID 19118861.
Lalander, Cecilia; Nordberg, Åke; Vinnerås, Björn (2018). "A comparison in product-value potential in four treatment strategies for food waste and faeces – assessing composting, fly larvae composting and anaerobic digestion". GCB Bioenergy. 10 (2): 84–91. Bibcode:2018GCBBi..10...84L. doi:10.1111/gcbb.12470. ISSN 1757-1707.
Aslam, DN; Vandergheynst, JS; Rumsey, TR (2008). "Development of models for predicting carbon mineralization and associated phytotoxicity in compost-amended soil". Bioresour Technol. 99 (18): 8735–41. Bibcode:2008BiTec..99.8735A. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.074. PMID 18585031.
Aslam DN, et al. (2008). "Development of models for predicting carbon mineralization and associated phytotoxicity in compost-amended soil". Bioresour Technol. 99 (18): 8735–8741. Bibcode:2008BiTec..99.8735A. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.074. PMID 18585031.
Bahramisharif, Amirhossein; Rose, Laura E. (2019). "Efficacy of biological agents and compost on growth and resistance of tomatoes to late blight". Planta. 249 (3): 799–813. Bibcode:2019Plant.249..799B. doi:10.1007/s00425-018-3035-2. ISSN 1432-2048. PMID 30406411.
St. Martin, C. C.G.; Brathwaite, R. A.I. (2012). "Compost and compost tea: Principles and prospects as substrates and soil-borne disease management strategies in soil-less vegetable production" (PDF). Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 28 (1): 1–33. Bibcode:2012BioAH..28....1S. doi:10.1080/01448765.2012.671516. ISSN 0144-8765. S2CID 49226669.
Neugebauer, Maciej (10 January 2021). "A compost heating solution for a greenhouse in north-eastern Poland in fall". Journal of Cleaner Production. 279 123613. Bibcode:2021JCPro.27923613N. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123613. S2CID 224919030. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.

illinois.edu (Global: 1,349^th place; English: 866^th place)

web.extension.illinois.edu

"The Science of Composting". Composting for the Homeowner. University of Illinois. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016.
"Composting for the Homeowner - University of Illinois Extension". Composting for the Homeowner. University of Illinois Board of Trustees. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
"Benefits and Uses". Composting for the Homeowner. University of Illinois. Archived from the original on 19 February 2016.
"History of Composting". Composting for the Homeowner. University of Illinois. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2016.

insideottawavalley.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"'Humanure' dumping sickens homeowner". Renfrew Mercury. 13 October 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2021.

kaiserpermanente.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

wa.kaiserpermanente.org

"Phosphate in Urine". wa.kaiserpermanente.org. Retrieved 12 January 2023.

klickitatcounty.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Klickitat County WA, USA Compost Mix Calculator". Archived from the original on 17 November 2011.

lovethegarden.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How to choose the best compost for your plants". Love The Garden. Retrieved 15 January 2024.

missouri.edu (Global: 3,342^nd place; English: 3,036^th place)

extension.missouri.edu

"Nitrogen in the Plant". extension.missouri.edu. Retrieved 12 January 2023.

mju.ac.th (Global: low place; English: low place)

compost.mju.ac.th

Aerated Static Pile composting Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine

modernfarmer.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Barth, Brian (7 March 2017). "Humanure: The Next Frontier in Composting". Modern Farmer. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.

nachi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Compost Pile Hazards". www.nachi.org. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021.

news-medical.net (Global: 8,069^th place; English: 7,681^st place)

"Human waste could be used to create nitrogen-rich fertilizer". News-Medical.net. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2023.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Marchant, Roger; Franzetti, Andrea; Pavlostathis, Spyros G.; Tas, Didem Okutman; Erdbrűgger, Isabel; Űnyayar, Ali; Mazmanci, Mehmet A.; Banat, Ibrahim M. (1 April 2008). "Thermophilic bacteria in cool temperate soils: are they metabolically active or continually added by global atmospheric transport?". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 78 (5): 841–852. doi:10.1007/s00253-008-1372-y. ISSN 1432-0614. PMID 18256821. S2CID 24884198. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
Zeigler, Daniel R. (January 2014). "The Geobacillus paradox: why is a thermophilic bacterial genus so prevalent on a mesophilic planet?". Microbiology. 160 (Pt 1): 1–11. doi:10.1099/mic.0.071696-0. ISSN 1465-2080. PMID 24085838.
Mehl, Jessica; Kaiser, Josephine; Hurtado, Daniel; Gibson, Daragh A.; Izurieta, Ricardo; Mihelcic, James R. (3 February 2011). "Pathogen destruction and solids decomposition in composting latrines: study of fundamental mechanisms and user operation in rural Panama". Journal of Water and Health. 9 (1): 187–199. Bibcode:2011JWH.....9..187M. doi:10.2166/wh.2010.138. ISSN 1477-8920. PMID 21301126.
Domingo, J. L.; Nadal, M. (August 2012). "Domestic waste composting facilities: a review of human health risks". Environment International. 35 (2): 382–9. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.004. PMID 18701167.
Kinney, Chad A.; Furlong, Edward T.; Zaugg, Steven D.; Burkhardt, Mark R.; Werner, Stephen L.; Cahill, Jeffery D.; Jorgensen, Gretchen R. (December 2006). "Survey of Organic Wastewater Contaminants in Biosolids Destined for Land Application †". Environmental Science & Technology. 40 (23): 7207–7215. Bibcode:2006EnST...40.7207K. doi:10.1021/es0603406. PMID 17180968. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
Trimmer, J.T.; Margenot, A.J.; Cusick, R.D.; Guest, J.S. (2019). "Aligning Product Chemistry and Soil Context for Agronomic Reuse of Human-Derived Resources". Environmental Science and Technology. 53 (11): 6501–6510. Bibcode:2019EnST...53.6501T. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b00504. PMID 31017776. S2CID 131775180.
Kalamdhad, Ajay S.; Kazmi, A. A. (1 March 2009). "Effects of turning frequency on compost stability and some chemical characteristics in a rotary drum composter". Chemosphere. 74 (10): 1327–1334. Bibcode:2009Chmsp..74.1327K. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.058. ISSN 0045-6535. PMID 19118861.
Banks, Ian J.; Gibson, Walter T.; Cameron, Mary M. (1 January 2014). "Growth rates of black soldier fly larvae fed on fresh human faeces and their implication for improving sanitation". Tropical Medicine & International Health. 19 (1): 14–22. doi:10.1111/tmi.12228. ISSN 1365-3156. PMID 24261901. S2CID 899081.
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Bahramisharif, Amirhossein; Rose, Laura E. (2019). "Efficacy of biological agents and compost on growth and resistance of tomatoes to late blight". Planta. 249 (3): 799–813. Bibcode:2019Plant.249..799B. doi:10.1007/s00425-018-3035-2. ISSN 1432-2048. PMID 30406411.
St. Martin, C. C.G.; Brathwaite, R. A.I. (2012). "Compost and compost tea: Principles and prospects as substrates and soil-borne disease management strategies in soil-less vegetable production" (PDF). Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 28 (1): 1–33. Bibcode:2012BioAH..28....1S. doi:10.1080/01448765.2012.671516. ISSN 0144-8765. S2CID 49226669.

wrap.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"British Standards Institute Specifications" (PDF).

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"XACT Systems Composting Home". XACT Systems Composting. 12 May 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2025.

Compost (English Wikipedia)

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