Concussions in American football (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Concussions in American football" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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24nih.gov

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21doi.org

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15nytimes.com

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12web.archive.org

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11espn.com

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8semanticscholar.org

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8nfl.com

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4pbs.org

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3kansascity.com

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3usatoday.com

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2bu.edu

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2cdc.gov

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2npr.org

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2go.com

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1sagepub.com

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1footballvets.org

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1scientificamerican.com

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1nflevolution.com

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1chicagobears.com

3,483^rd place

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1nflconcussionmdl.org

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1files.wordpress.com

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1worldcat.org

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1ncaa.org

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1bleacherreport.com

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1reactcanada.org

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1cfl.ca

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1post-gazette.com

569^th place

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1nflplayers.com

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1sandiegouniontribune.com

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1clearedtoplay.org

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1riddell.com

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1technologyreview.com

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1digitaltrends.com

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1geekwire.com

4,157^th place

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1sbnation.com

1,100^th place

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1247sports.com

1,122^nd place

598^th place

1washingtonpost.com

34^th place

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1fda.gov

447^th place

338^th place

1psu.edu

207^th place

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1medicalnewstoday.com

3,011^th place

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247sports.com

"Report: Seahawks still haven't heard from NFL on investigation". 247sports.com.

apnews.com

Dale, Maryclaire (March 8, 2021). "Judge tosses suit over 'race-norming' in NFL dementia tests". Associated Press News. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
Dale, Maryclaire (June 2, 2021). "NFL pledges to halt 'race-norming,' review Black claims". Associated Press News. Retrieved June 3, 2021.

bleacherreport.com

"College Football: Concussion Study Is Nice, but the Game Needs Action a Lot More". Bleacher Report. 2012-06-08. Retrieved 2012-06-27.

bu.edu

"BU Researchers Find CTE in 99% of Former NFL Players Studied | The Brink | Boston University". 26 July 2017.
"Case Studies » CTE Center | Boston University". www.bu.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-02-07. Retrieved 2016-11-04.

canada.com

Habib, Hal (2012-05-08). "Seau's death heightens concerns over concussions". Canada.com. Retrieved 2012-06-27.

cbssports.com

Freeman, Mike (2012-05-18). "Concussion lawsuit plaintiffs an eye- opening cross section of NFL past". Cbssports.com. Retrieved 2012-06-27.

cdc.gov

"Repeated Head Impacts". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. November 6, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
"Concussion in professional football: helmet testing to assess impact performance – part 11" (PDF). United States Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 2004-01-10. Retrieved 2013-09-03.

cfl.ca

"Official Site of the Canadian Football League". CFL.ca. 2011-05-03. Archived from the original on 2011-11-14. Retrieved 2012-06-27.

cflaa.ca

"Former CFL players to be studied for long term concussion effects". Canadian Football League Alumni Association. May 5, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-27.

chicagobears.com

Mayer, Larry (2013-03-18). "Matt Forte calls proposed new rule absurd". Chicago Bears. Archived from the original on 2013-03-21. Retrieved 2013-03-18.

clearedtoplay.org

"Statistics on Youth Sports Safety". Cleared to Play. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014.

cnn.com

sportsillustrated.cnn.com

"SEC taking steps to learn more about concussions". Sports Illustrated. 2012-06-01. Retrieved 2012-06-27.

delcotimes.com

Drapper, Bill (3 December 2013). "Five ex-Chiefs sue Kansas City over concussions". Daily Times. Retrieved 3 December 2013.

digitaltrends.com

"Flexible football helmet absorbs hits like a car bumper, could put an end to concussions". digitaltrends.com. 4 April 2017.

doi.org

Tagge, C. A., Fisher, A. M., Minaeva, O. V., Gaudreau-Balderrama, A., Moncaster, J. A., Zhang, X.-L., Wojnarowicz, M. W., Casey, N., Lu, H., Kokiko-Cochran, O. N., Saman, S., Ericsson, M., Onos, K. D., Veksler, R., Senatorov, V. V., Kondo, A., Zhou, X. Z., Miry, O., Vose, L. R., … Goldstein, L. E. (2018). Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model. Brain, 141(2), 422–458. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx350
Willigenburg, N. W.; Borchers, J. R.; Quincy, R.; Kaeding, C. C.; Hewett, T. E. (2016). "Comparison of Injuries in American Collegiate Football and Club Rugby: A Prospective Cohort Study - Nienke W. Willigenburg, James R. Borchers, Richard Quincy, Christopher C. Kaeding, Timothy E. Hewett, 2016". The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 44 (3): 753–60. doi:10.1177/0363546515622389. PMID 26786902. S2CID 21829142.
Makovicka, J. L.; Patel, K. A.; Deckey, D. G.; Hassebrock, J. D.; Chung, A. S.; Tummala, S. V.; Hydrick, T. C.; Gulbrandsen, M.; Hartigan, D. E.; Chhabra, A. (2019). "Lower Back Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players: A 5-Season Epidemiological Study". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 7 (6). doi:10.1177/2325967119852625. PMC 6582304. PMID 31245431.
Harrison, Emily (May 2014). "The First Concussion Crisis; Head Injury and Evidence in Early American Football". American Journal of Public Health. 104 (5): 822–33. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301840. PMC 3987576. PMID 24625171.
Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Withnall C, Shewchenko N, Bir CA, Halstead PD (January 2006). "Concussion in professional football: helmet testing to assess impact performance – part 11". Neurosurgery. 58 (1): 78–96, discussion 78–96. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000196265.35238.7c. PMID 16385332. S2CID 10666909.
"Practice parameter: the management of concussion in sports (summary statement). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee". Neurology. 48 (3): 581–5. March 1997. doi:10.1212/WNL.48.3.581. PMID 9065530.
Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Casson IR, Arfken C, Feuer H (2005). "Concussion in professional football: players returning to the same game – part 7". Neurosurgery. 56 (1): 79–90, discussion 90–92. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000150180.16552.8d. PMID 15617589. S2CID 29653958.
Guskiewicz, K. M.; Marshall, S. W.; Bailes, J.; McCrea, M.; Cantu, R. C.; Randolph, C.; Jordan, B. D. (Oct 2005). "Association between recurrent concussion and late-life cognitive impairment in retired professional football players". Neurosurgery. 57 (4): 719–26. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000175725.75780.DD. PMID 16239884. S2CID 2473241.
Greenhow, Annette (2011-01-01). "Concussion policies of the National Football League: Revisiting the 'Sport Administrator's Charter' and the role of the Australian Football League and National Rugby League in concussion management". Sports Law and Governance Journal. 1 (1). doi:10.53300/001c.6398.
Greenhow, Annette (2011-01-01). "Concussion policies of the National Football League: Revisiting the 'Sport Administrator's Charter' and the role of the Australian Football League and National Rugby League in concussion management". Sports Law and Governance Journal. 1 (1). doi:10.53300/001c.6398.
Johnson, L. Syd (2012). "Return to Play Guidelines Cannot Solve the Football-Related Concussion Problem". Journal of School Health. 82 (4): 180–185. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00684.x. PMID 22385091.
McGinity, Michael (2018). "The impact of tackle football injuries on the American healthcare system". PLOS ONE. 13 (5): e0195827. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195827. PMC 5937786. PMID 29734348.
Daniel, R. W.; Rowson, S.; Duma, S. M. (2 April 2012). "Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football". Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 40 (4): 976–981. doi:10.1007/s10439-012-0530-7. PMC 3310979. PMID 22350665.
Covassin, Tracey; Elbin, R J; Sarmiento, Kelly (May 2012). "Educating Coaches About Concussion in Sports: Evaluation of the CDC's "Heads Up: Concussion in Youth Sports" Initiative". The Journal of School Health. 82 (5): 233–38. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2012.00692.x. PMID 22494094.
McCrea, Michael; Hammeke, Thomas; Olsen, Gary; Leo, Peter; Guskiewicz, Kevin (January 2004). "Unreported Concussion in High School Football Players: Implications for Prevention". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 14 (1): 13–7. doi:10.1097/00042752-200401000-00003. PMID 14712161. S2CID 15083145.
Cournoyer, Janie; Tripp, Brady L. (Sep–Oct 2014). "Concussion Knowledge in High School Football Players". Journal of Athletic Training. 49 (5): 654–658. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.34. PMC 4208870. PMID 25162779.
Thomas, Drysdale (13 December 2013). "Helmet-to-Helmet Contact: Avoiding a Lifetime Penalty by Creating a Duty to Scan Active NFL Players for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy". Journal of Legal Medicine. 34 (4): 425–452. doi:10.1080/01947648.2013.859969. PMID 24328519. S2CID 24595682.
Bachynski, Kathleen (2014). "Youth Sports & Public Health: Framing Risks of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football and Ice Hockey". Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics. 42 (3): 323–33. doi:10.1111/jlme.12149. PMID 25264090. S2CID 39629829.
Bachynski, Kathleen (2014). "Youth Sports & Public Health: Framing Risks of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football and Ice Hockey". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 42 (Fall 2014): 325. doi:10.1111/jlme.12149. PMID 25264090. S2CID 39629829.
Small, G.W. (2013). "PET Scanning of Brain Tau in Retired National League Football Players: Preliminary Findings". The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 21 (2): 138–144. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.372.2960. doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.11.019. PMID 23343487.
Leddy, John (March 2017). "A physiological approach to prolonged recovery from sport-related concussion". Journal of Athletic Training. 52 (3): 299–308. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-51.11.08. PMC 5384826. PMID 28387557.

espn.com

Peter, Peter (2006-11-06). "Elliot Pellman, the NFL's top medical adviser, claims it's okay for players with concussions to get back in the game. Time for a second choice". ESPN Sports. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
"Conyers wants review of all data". ESPN. 28 October 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
"Doctors: Junior Seau's brain had CTE". ESPN. 2013-01-13. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
"Junior Seau dies at 43". ESPN. May 2, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
Ex-Cowboys sue over concussions, ESPN, Associated Press, April 24, 2012.
Josh Weinfuss (December 20, 2013). "What exactly is the concussion protocol?". ESPN. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
Delsohn, Steve (2014-09-29). "OTL:Belcher's Brain Had CTE Signs". ESPN. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
"Two former college football players sue NCAA over concussion rules". ESPN. 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2012-06-27.
"NCAA recommends stricter rules on concussions". ESPN. 2009-12-15. Retrieved 2012-06-27.
"Indicator on AFL helmets to warn of potentially dangerous hits". ESPN. 2008-02-28. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
"Indicator on AFL helmets". ESPN. 2008-02-28. Retrieved 2015-10-04.

eurekalert.org

"Study suggests link between youth football & later-life emotional, behavioral impairment". EurekAlert!. September 19, 2017.
"Study raises concerns that teen athletes continue to play with concussion symptoms" (Press release). Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. 2013-05-06. Retrieved 2013-09-03.

fda.gov

"Warning Letters and Notice of Violation Letters" (PDF). FDA. Feb 15, 2015. Restrict promotional claims of safety or effectiveness of the drug for a use for which it is under investigation and to preclude commercialization of the drug before it is approved for commercial distribution

files.wordpress.com

nfllabor.files.wordpress.com

"NFL, Retired Players Resolve Concussion Litigation; Court-Appointed Mediator Hails Historic Agreement" (PDF) (Press release). Alternative Dispute Resolution Center. August 29, 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.

footballvets.org

"Dr. Don Brady Files Objection to NFL Concussion Settlement Offer". Footballvets.org. November 19, 2014. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2015.

foxnews.com

Morik, Ryan (February 3, 2023). "NFL reports 18% increase in concussions during 2022 season". Fox News Channel. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
"NFL players reach proposed $765M settlement of concussion-related lawsuits". Fox News. 2013-08-29. Retrieved 2013-03-18.

galegroup.com

go.galegroup.com

Reiter, Thomas M., and Lucas J. Tanglen. "Concussions and Coverage: Insurance for Claims Alleging along-term Brain Injuries, Including CTE." The Entertainment and Sports Lawyer, Fall 2017, p. 3+. Academic OneFile, http://go.galegroup.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA538725148 Accessed 29 Nov. 2018.
"New Biomarkers Study Results Reported from University of British Columbia (No change in plasma tau and serum concentrations in adolescent athletes following sport-related concussions)". Obesity, Fitness & Wellness. November 2018.
Boriboon, Kia (February 2013). "Concussion management in football: don't shake it off: the effects of sports-related concussions can last for decades. physical therapists can play an important role in concussion detection and intervention". Academic One File.

geekwire.com

"Seattle Seahawks players talk about their experience wearing new high-tech Vicis helmet". geekwire.com. 28 August 2017.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

Neale, Todd (5 December 2009). "NFL Institutes New Concussion Policy". ABC News. Retrieved 6 January 2014.

espn.go.com

"OTL: Football At A Crossroads: The Hit System". ESPN. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2014.^{[dead link]}

huffingtonpost.com

"NFL Concussions Mega-Lawsuit Claims League Hid Brain Injury Links From Players". Huffingtonpost.com. 2012-06-07. Retrieved 2012-06-27.

justia.com

dockets.justia.com

"MDL-2323 in re: National Football Players' Concussion Injury Litigation". 2012-01-31. Retrieved 2013-09-03.

kansascity.com

"The grim list of football players with CTE continues to grow". kansascity. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
Paylor, Terez. "Five Former Players Sue Chiefs over Consusisons". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
Paylor, Terez. "Five Former Players Suing Chiefs over Concussions". Retrieved 3 December 2013.

latimes.com

Farmer, Sam (11 September 2010). "NFL is taking the long-term impact of concussions seriously". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
Zarembo, Alan (Apr 10, 2015). "FDA forces UCLA researchers to stop touting experimental dementia scan". LA Times.

medicalnewstoday.com

"First Imaging Study of Concussion-Related Abnormal Brain Proteins In Retired NFL Players". Medical News Today. Retrieved 1 December 2013.

nbcsports.com

profootballtalk.nbcsports.com

"Failure to use HIT system exposes league to future concussion liability". Profootballtalk.nbcsports.com. June 24, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-26.

ncaa.org

"Self-Reported Concussion among NCAA Student-Athletes Executive Summary" (PDF). February 2014. Retrieved 2019-01-29.

nfl.com

"Concussion Protocol & Return-to-Participation Protocol: Overview". NFL Player Health & Safety. Jun 22, 2018. Retrieved November 6, 2023.
Breer, Albert (2012-11-16). "NFLPA plans to reiterate desire to have neurologists at games". National Football League. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
Bill Bradley (September 3, 2013). "Independent concussion specialists ready to work NFL sidelines". NFL.com. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
Bill Bradley (October 1, 2013). "NFL's 2013 protocol for players with concussions". NFL.com. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
Copeland, Kareem (2013-02-03). "Report: NFL partners with GE for concussion research". National Football League. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
"Goodell issues memo enforcing player safety rules". National Football League. 2012-07-26. Retrieved 2014-11-11.

operations.nfl.com

"Player Health and Safety". NFL Football Operations. November 6, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2023.

static.nfl.com

"NFL Head, Neck and Spine Committee's Protocols Regarding Diagnosis and Management of Concussion" (PDF). NFL. Retrieved March 20, 2017.

nflconcussionmdl.org

"Mediation Order" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2013-03-18.

nflevolution.com

"Head, Neck and Spine Committee provides protocol". NFLEvolution.com. January 6, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2014.

nflplayers.com

"AFL-Test-Drives-Schutt's-Shockometer / News". NFLPlayers.com. 2008-05-22. Archived from the original on 2013-03-16. Retrieved 2012-06-26.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Willigenburg, N. W.; Borchers, J. R.; Quincy, R.; Kaeding, C. C.; Hewett, T. E. (2016). "Comparison of Injuries in American Collegiate Football and Club Rugby: A Prospective Cohort Study - Nienke W. Willigenburg, James R. Borchers, Richard Quincy, Christopher C. Kaeding, Timothy E. Hewett, 2016". The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 44 (3): 753–60. doi:10.1177/0363546515622389. PMID 26786902. S2CID 21829142.
Makovicka, J. L.; Patel, K. A.; Deckey, D. G.; Hassebrock, J. D.; Chung, A. S.; Tummala, S. V.; Hydrick, T. C.; Gulbrandsen, M.; Hartigan, D. E.; Chhabra, A. (2019). "Lower Back Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players: A 5-Season Epidemiological Study". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 7 (6). doi:10.1177/2325967119852625. PMC 6582304. PMID 31245431.
Harrison, Emily (May 2014). "The First Concussion Crisis; Head Injury and Evidence in Early American Football". American Journal of Public Health. 104 (5): 822–33. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301840. PMC 3987576. PMID 24625171.
Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Withnall C, Shewchenko N, Bir CA, Halstead PD (January 2006). "Concussion in professional football: helmet testing to assess impact performance – part 11". Neurosurgery. 58 (1): 78–96, discussion 78–96. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000196265.35238.7c. PMID 16385332. S2CID 10666909.
"Practice parameter: the management of concussion in sports (summary statement). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee". Neurology. 48 (3): 581–5. March 1997. doi:10.1212/WNL.48.3.581. PMID 9065530.
Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Casson IR, Arfken C, Feuer H (2005). "Concussion in professional football: players returning to the same game – part 7". Neurosurgery. 56 (1): 79–90, discussion 90–92. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000150180.16552.8d. PMID 15617589. S2CID 29653958.
Guskiewicz, K. M.; Marshall, S. W.; Bailes, J.; McCrea, M.; Cantu, R. C.; Randolph, C.; Jordan, B. D. (Oct 2005). "Association between recurrent concussion and late-life cognitive impairment in retired professional football players". Neurosurgery. 57 (4): 719–26. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000175725.75780.DD. PMID 16239884. S2CID 2473241.
Johnson, L. Syd (2012). "Return to Play Guidelines Cannot Solve the Football-Related Concussion Problem". Journal of School Health. 82 (4): 180–185. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00684.x. PMID 22385091.
McGinity, Michael (2018). "The impact of tackle football injuries on the American healthcare system". PLOS ONE. 13 (5): e0195827. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195827. PMC 5937786. PMID 29734348.
Daniel, R. W.; Rowson, S.; Duma, S. M. (2 April 2012). "Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football". Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 40 (4): 976–981. doi:10.1007/s10439-012-0530-7. PMC 3310979. PMID 22350665.
Covassin, Tracey; Elbin, R J; Sarmiento, Kelly (May 2012). "Educating Coaches About Concussion in Sports: Evaluation of the CDC's "Heads Up: Concussion in Youth Sports" Initiative". The Journal of School Health. 82 (5): 233–38. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2012.00692.x. PMID 22494094.
McCrea, Michael; Hammeke, Thomas; Olsen, Gary; Leo, Peter; Guskiewicz, Kevin (January 2004). "Unreported Concussion in High School Football Players: Implications for Prevention". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 14 (1): 13–7. doi:10.1097/00042752-200401000-00003. PMID 14712161. S2CID 15083145.
Cournoyer, Janie; Tripp, Brady L. (Sep–Oct 2014). "Concussion Knowledge in High School Football Players". Journal of Athletic Training. 49 (5): 654–658. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.34. PMC 4208870. PMID 25162779.
Thomas, Drysdale (13 December 2013). "Helmet-to-Helmet Contact: Avoiding a Lifetime Penalty by Creating a Duty to Scan Active NFL Players for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy". Journal of Legal Medicine. 34 (4): 425–452. doi:10.1080/01947648.2013.859969. PMID 24328519. S2CID 24595682.
Bachynski, Kathleen (2014). "Youth Sports & Public Health: Framing Risks of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football and Ice Hockey". Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics. 42 (3): 323–33. doi:10.1111/jlme.12149. PMID 25264090. S2CID 39629829.
Bachynski, Kathleen (2014). "Youth Sports & Public Health: Framing Risks of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in American Football and Ice Hockey". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 42 (Fall 2014): 325. doi:10.1111/jlme.12149. PMID 25264090. S2CID 39629829.
Small, G.W. (2013). "PET Scanning of Brain Tau in Retired National League Football Players: Preliminary Findings". The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 21 (2): 138–144. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.372.2960. doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.11.019. PMID 23343487.
Leddy, John (March 2017). "A physiological approach to prolonged recovery from sport-related concussion". Journal of Athletic Training. 52 (3): 299–308. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-51.11.08. PMC 5384826. PMID 28387557.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Makovicka, J. L.; Patel, K. A.; Deckey, D. G.; Hassebrock, J. D.; Chung, A. S.; Tummala, S. V.; Hydrick, T. C.; Gulbrandsen, M.; Hartigan, D. E.; Chhabra, A. (2019). "Lower Back Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players: A 5-Season Epidemiological Study". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 7 (6). doi:10.1177/2325967119852625. PMC 6582304. PMID 31245431.
Harrison, Emily (May 2014). "The First Concussion Crisis; Head Injury and Evidence in Early American Football". American Journal of Public Health. 104 (5): 822–33. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301840. PMC 3987576. PMID 24625171.
McGinity, Michael (2018). "The impact of tackle football injuries on the American healthcare system". PLOS ONE. 13 (5): e0195827. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195827. PMC 5937786. PMID 29734348.
Daniel, R. W.; Rowson, S.; Duma, S. M. (2 April 2012). "Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football". Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 40 (4): 976–981. doi:10.1007/s10439-012-0530-7. PMC 3310979. PMID 22350665.
Cournoyer, Janie; Tripp, Brady L. (Sep–Oct 2014). "Concussion Knowledge in High School Football Players". Journal of Athletic Training. 49 (5): 654–658. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.34. PMC 4208870. PMID 25162779.
Leddy, John (March 2017). "A physiological approach to prolonged recovery from sport-related concussion". Journal of Athletic Training. 52 (3): 299–308. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-51.11.08. PMC 5384826. PMID 28387557.

npr.org

Martin, Rachel (September 18, 2016). "Reinventing The Football Helmet: Is Improving The Technology The Answer?". NPR. Retrieved November 6, 2023.

m.npr.org

Goldman, Tom. "Can That Mouth Guard Really Prevent a Concussion?". NPR.org. Retrieved 2013-11-14.

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