Contemporary history of Spain (English Wikipedia)

Spain's participation in peace missions or Spanish military missions abroad (official website of the Ministry of Defence), which went back many years, under different legal forms (UN resolutions – of much debated interpretation –, NATO agreements or different ad hoc international coalitions – the European Union's common foreign and security policy did not materialise in very operational initiatives), in the 1980s had included a secondary participation in the Gulf War of 1990–1991 (during the government of Felipe González). After the withdrawal from Iraq, Spain's military presence abroad continued in other scenarios such as Haiti and Lebanon, but especially in Afghanistan. There was also a withdrawal from military participation in Kosovo, due to Spanish disagreement over the way the unilateral declaration of independence took place (17 February 2008, supported by a large part of the international community, but interpreted as opposed to Spanish interests). The mission in Bosnia ended, after 18 years, on 18 October 2010. A naval deployment against Somali piracy (Operation Atalanta – official website of the Ministry of Defence) is still underway in the Indian Ocean, motivated mainly by the hijacking of the Alakrana ship. Spanish intervention in the Libyan War (since March 2011) was reduced to a limited number of aircraft for surveillance missions.
See also: List of United Nations peacekeeping missions

– Inmaculada Marrero Rocha, La participación de las fuerzas armadas españolas en misiones de paz, Plaza Valdes, 2007, ISBN 84-96780-27-9
– El Mundo, 25/10/2011
– ABC, 06-01-09
– «Los argumentos para ir a guerras en busca de la paz. Recorrido por los principales razonamientos ofrecidos por los partidos políticos en los debates sobre el envío de tropas españolas a misiones internacionales.» El País, 22/03/2011.
– "El papel de España en la guerra de Irak" in Temas de El País.
ABC news.
[3] ABC. [4] La Vanguardia. [5] El Diario].

ahistcon.org

Veiga Alonso, Xosé R. "El significado del Sexenio en la definición de una identidad política conservadora" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-02-02. Retrieved 2023-11-09.

almendron.com

Quoted by Manuel Jiménez de Parga, Recuerdos y olvidos del pasado (in Spanish).

andalucia.cc

The legend of La Mano Negra Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine (on the activity of Reclus, Rey and Fanelli in Spain). Jean Maitron, Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français (source cited in fr:Aristide Rey from the French Wikipedia. For the Jerez uprising, see Sagasta's speech in the Cortes (March 18, 1869), which reproduces telegrams of the same day (including one issued only an hour earlier).

antena3.com

Las 10 noticias políticas que han marcado el año 2019 (in Spanish).

bajavehiculos.com

– «Las muertes en la carretera registran la menor caída desde 2006.» El País, 02/01/2011. – «Las víctimas mortales en carretera bajan de 1.500 por primera vez en 50 años.» El Mundo. January 2, 2012. In 2011, a maximum speed limit of 110 km/h was maintained for a few months as part of the austerity measures, which was lifted in the summer (with some confrontation within the Council of Ministers between Industry — Miguel Sebastián — and Interior – Rubalcaba, who was emerging as a future candidate). Another issue to be taken into account is the ageing of the car fleet ("El parque automovilístico español envejece de manera progresiva y constante." 13 October 2011) due to the sharp reduction in the number of new vehicles registered each year since 2007. – «Las ventas caen un 17,7% en 2011 por tercer año consecutivo.» El Mundo 2/01/2012.

books.google.com

Cotarelo, Emilio (1897). Iriarte y su época. Rivadeneyra.
Liberalism, a Spanish movement. The first point to be emphasized is the Spanish origin of the words ''liberal'' and ''liberalism'' in their political meaning. This fact is today recognized even in Anglo-Saxon literature. — José Luis Abellán. Historia crítica del pensamiento español: Liberalismo y romanticismo (in Spanish), Espasa-Calpe, 1979, ISBN 84-239-6411-6, p. 56.
Obras Completas, vol. III. Giner. 1990. p. 511. ISBN 84-7273-141-3.
The complete proverb, quoted and commented by Miguel de Unamuno: ""For wine, water, sun and war in Sebastopol". That is to say, the motto of our economic system, win what someone else loses". At ''Unamuno, politics and philosophy: recovered articles (1886–1924)'', pg. 44. There are at least two other references by Unamuno to this proverb in other passages of his work.[1] [2]
Paredes Alonso, Francisco Javier (2004). Historia contemporánea de España: Siglo XIX (in Spanish). Ariel. p. 230. ISBN 8434467550.
The legend of La Mano Negra Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine (on the activity of Reclus, Rey and Fanelli in Spain). Jean Maitron, Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français (source cited in fr:Aristide Rey from the French Wikipedia. For the Jerez uprising, see Sagasta's speech in the Cortes (March 18, 1869), which reproduces telegrams of the same day (including one issued only an hour earlier).
The use of the term "niña bonita" to refer to the republic itself is usually attributed to Salvador de Madariaga, who in his text relates it to the name that his faithful conspirators affectionately gave it throughout the 19th century (in España. Ensayo de historia contemporánea, Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1979 (ed. or. 1942); pg. 311 and ff.
Luis Suárez op. cit., pg. 222.
Quoted by Jose Luis Comellas, "Del 98 a la semana trágica: 1898–1909: crisis de conciencia y renovación política" Biblioteca Nueva, 2002, p. 124.
The phrase, very famous, also appears in the text of a satirical drawing entitled ''Exodus'' in which a crowd appears, and this text: "And they also ask for autonomy? No, Galicians do not ask for anything, they emigrate". Quoted in Javier Costa Clavell, Castelao: entre la realidad y el mito, BPR, 1986 pg. 65
Published in press in 1908 and as part of Campos de Castilla in 1912 (see text and notes in Francisco Caudet's Antología comentada, p. 143).
1919–1923, los "años de plomo" de las luchas sociales catalanas. Dolores de la Calle y Manuel Redero Guerra Civil: documentos y memoria, Universidad de Salamanca, 2006, ISBN 84-7800-398-3.
If the military movement has wanted to identify itself with public opinion and be fully popular, it is fair to say that it has succeeded entirely (Ortega y Gasset in El Sol, November 27, 1923); quoted by Tuñón de Lara, La España del siglo XX.
Expression by Miguel Salabert for an article in L'Express in 1958; quoted by himself in the introduction to El exilio interior, 1988, Barcelona: Anthropos. The book was written in 1961 and had problems to be published in Spain (Letter to the editor of El País by José Manuel Fajardo 30/12/1984.
Also among the repressed were professors Santiago Montero Díaz and Mariano Aguilar Navarro Santiago Montero Díaz 1911–1985 at filosofia.org. Shirley Mangini Rojos y rebeldes: la cultura de la disidencia, pg. 142. José Vidal-Beneyto Memoria democrática, pg. 83
Spain's participation in peace missions or Spanish military missions abroad (official website of the Ministry of Defence), which went back many years, under different legal forms (UN resolutions – of much debated interpretation –, NATO agreements or different ad hoc international coalitions – the European Union's common foreign and security policy did not materialise in very operational initiatives), in the 1980s had included a secondary participation in the Gulf War of 1990–1991 (during the government of Felipe González). After the withdrawal from Iraq, Spain's military presence abroad continued in other scenarios such as Haiti and Lebanon, but especially in Afghanistan. There was also a withdrawal from military participation in Kosovo, due to Spanish disagreement over the way the unilateral declaration of independence took place (17 February 2008, supported by a large part of the international community, but interpreted as opposed to Spanish interests). The mission in Bosnia ended, after 18 years, on 18 October 2010. A naval deployment against Somali piracy (Operation Atalanta – official website of the Ministry of Defence) is still underway in the Indian Ocean, motivated mainly by the hijacking of the Alakrana ship. Spanish intervention in the Libyan War (since March 2011) was reduced to a limited number of aircraft for surveillance missions.
See also: List of United Nations peacekeeping missions

– Inmaculada Marrero Rocha, La participación de las fuerzas armadas españolas en misiones de paz, Plaza Valdes, 2007, ISBN 84-96780-27-9
– El Mundo, 25/10/2011
– ABC, 06-01-09
– «Los argumentos para ir a guerras en busca de la paz. Recorrido por los principales razonamientos ofrecidos por los partidos políticos en los debates sobre el envío de tropas españolas a misiones internacionales.» El País, 22/03/2011.
– "El papel de España en la guerra de Irak" in Temas de El País.

cervantesvirtual.com

Informes en el Expediente de Ley Agraria. Andalucía y la Mancha (1768). (in Spanish) Edition and preliminary study by Gonzalo Anes. ICI, Quinto Centenario, IEF. Madrid, 1990. ISBN 84-206-2840-4. Gonzalo Anes: La Ley Agraria. Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 1995. ISBN 84-7196-879-7. Sources quoted in: [web.usal.es/~rrobledo/text/anes_1995.doc]. Texto de Jovellanos in cervantesvirtual.
Benito Pérez Galdós gave this title to one of his Episodios Nacionales, published in 1879 (see cervantesvirtual.com). Voz "Apostólicos" Archived 29 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. in Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa.

ctxt.es

News on El Mundo, 29/10/2016. El PSOE se entrega sin condiciones al PP – Te contamos en directo el Comité Federal del PSOE (in Spanish), CXT, 23/10/2016.

cuartopoder.es

Los pactos definen los nuevos gobiernos autonómicos para una legislatura de diálogo – Podemos ha facilitado al PSOE poder gobernar en Aragón, Comunidad Valenciana, Extremadura, Castilla-La Mancha y Aragón. Ciudadanos facilita el gobierno del PP en Madrid, Castilla y León, Murcia, y al PSOE en Andalucía (in Spanish), in 20 Minutos, 24 June 2015. Mapa en Cuarto Poder.

datoselecciones.com

"datoselecciones.com, Elecciones municipales 2003" (in Spanish). Retrieved April 1, 2017.

defensa.es

Spain's participation in peace missions or Spanish military missions abroad (official website of the Ministry of Defence), which went back many years, under different legal forms (UN resolutions – of much debated interpretation –, NATO agreements or different ad hoc international coalitions – the European Union's common foreign and security policy did not materialise in very operational initiatives), in the 1980s had included a secondary participation in the Gulf War of 1990–1991 (during the government of Felipe González). After the withdrawal from Iraq, Spain's military presence abroad continued in other scenarios such as Haiti and Lebanon, but especially in Afghanistan. There was also a withdrawal from military participation in Kosovo, due to Spanish disagreement over the way the unilateral declaration of independence took place (17 February 2008, supported by a large part of the international community, but interpreted as opposed to Spanish interests). The mission in Bosnia ended, after 18 years, on 18 October 2010. A naval deployment against Somali piracy (Operation Atalanta – official website of the Ministry of Defence) is still underway in the Indian Ocean, motivated mainly by the hijacking of the Alakrana ship. Spanish intervention in the Libyan War (since March 2011) was reduced to a limited number of aircraft for surveillance missions.
See also: List of United Nations peacekeeping missions

– Inmaculada Marrero Rocha, La participación de las fuerzas armadas españolas en misiones de paz, Plaza Valdes, 2007, ISBN 84-96780-27-9
– El Mundo, 25/10/2011
– ABC, 06-01-09
– «Los argumentos para ir a guerras en busca de la paz. Recorrido por los principales razonamientos ofrecidos por los partidos políticos en los debates sobre el envío de tropas españolas a misiones internacionales.» El País, 22/03/2011.
– "El papel de España en la guerra de Irak" in Temas de El País.

diariodeleon.es

"Este país no tiene Gobierno y crece al 3%", así de perpleja está la CNN con España – El medio estadounidense destaca la "sorprendente recuperación" de nuestro país tras la crisis y 260 días sin Gobierno. Las claves: las reformas del PP, el turismo y el consumo, CNN-El Confidencial, 7/09/2016. Montoro: «España no crece por Europa, lo hace gracias a las reformas del PP» (in Spanish), in Diario de León, 12/11/2014.

diariosur.es

Florencio Domínguez El fracaso de Argel, in El Sur, March 23, 2006.

efe.com

España en medio siglo será un país de viejos y solitarios, EFE, 20/10/2016. INE press release, 20/10/2016: "Population Projections 2016–2066 – If current demographic trends were to continue, Spain would lose just over half a million inhabitants in the next 15 years and 5.4 million by 2066 – The percentage of the population aged 65 and over, which currently stands at 18.7%, would reach 25.6% in 2031 and 34.6% in 2066 – Comunidad de Madrid, Canarias, Illes Balears, Región de Murcia and Cataluña are the only communities that would gain population in the next 15 years". INE press release, 30 June 2016: "Cifras de Población 1-1-2016, Estadística Migraciones 2015 (provisionales) – Cifras de Población a 1 de enero de 2016 – Estadística de Migraciones 2015 – Adquisiciones de Nacionalidad Española de Residentes 2015 – Datos Provisionales."

elconfidencial.com

""Bruselas da la razón a Rajoy – La UE confirma que Zapatero dejó dos puntos de déficit oculto."" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2013-08-06. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
UPyD pone 20 condiciones para explorar el pacto con Ciudadanos (in Spanish), El País, 4/09/2014. UPyD y Ciudadanos buscarán acuerdos 'sin límites' y 'sin descartar nada' – Pueden acabar en pactos preelectorales, una federación de partidos o en una fusión – Cada partido nombrará a un interlocutor que coordinará la creación de grupos de trabajo – Tras seis años y medio dándose la espalda, Rivera y Díez se han visto las caras en Madrid (in Spanish), El Mundo, 23/09/2014. Ciudadanos solo acepta negociar con UPyD si el pacto es para toda España – El partido de Díez quiere alcanzar acuerdos para las elecciones catalanas (in Spanish), El País, 30/09/2014. Albert Rivera: "UPyD jamás ha querido llegar a un acuerdo con Ciudadanos" – Rivera se ha referido al último intento de pacto con UPyD –convertido ya en un fracaso– para afirmar que Rosa Díez nunca se ha llegado a plantear llegar a un acuerdo (in Spanish), El Confidencial, 21/11/2014. Albert Rivera cierra la puerta a un pacto con UPyD (in Spanish), Huffington Post, 18/04/2015.
El árbol genealógico de Podemos y sus confluencias territoriales (in Spanish), in El Confidencial, 24/01/2016.
"Este país no tiene Gobierno y crece al 3%", así de perpleja está la CNN con España – El medio estadounidense destaca la "sorprendente recuperación" de nuestro país tras la crisis y 260 días sin Gobierno. Las claves: las reformas del PP, el turismo y el consumo, CNN-El Confidencial, 7/09/2016. Montoro: «España no crece por Europa, lo hace gracias a las reformas del PP» (in Spanish), in Diario de León, 12/11/2014.

eldiario.es

Un siglo de la huelga de La Canadiense o cómo se consiguió tu jornada laboral de 8 horas (in Spanish). Retrieved June 8, 2021.
[3] ABC. [4] La Vanguardia. [5] El Diario].

elmundo.es

Quoted by Sonia Aparicio «Café para todos» (in Spanish)
«El batallón de la muerte del ministerio de interior.» (in Spanish), El Mundo.
"ETA y el histórico lanzamiento de una tregua de paz" (in Spanish). Retrieved April 1, 2017.
Spain's participation in peace missions or Spanish military missions abroad (official website of the Ministry of Defence), which went back many years, under different legal forms (UN resolutions – of much debated interpretation –, NATO agreements or different ad hoc international coalitions – the European Union's common foreign and security policy did not materialise in very operational initiatives), in the 1980s had included a secondary participation in the Gulf War of 1990–1991 (during the government of Felipe González). After the withdrawal from Iraq, Spain's military presence abroad continued in other scenarios such as Haiti and Lebanon, but especially in Afghanistan. There was also a withdrawal from military participation in Kosovo, due to Spanish disagreement over the way the unilateral declaration of independence took place (17 February 2008, supported by a large part of the international community, but interpreted as opposed to Spanish interests). The mission in Bosnia ended, after 18 years, on 18 October 2010. A naval deployment against Somali piracy (Operation Atalanta – official website of the Ministry of Defence) is still underway in the Indian Ocean, motivated mainly by the hijacking of the Alakrana ship. Spanish intervention in the Libyan War (since March 2011) was reduced to a limited number of aircraft for surveillance missions.
See also: List of United Nations peacekeeping missions

– Inmaculada Marrero Rocha, La participación de las fuerzas armadas españolas en misiones de paz, Plaza Valdes, 2007, ISBN 84-96780-27-9
– El Mundo, 25/10/2011
– ABC, 06-01-09
– «Los argumentos para ir a guerras en busca de la paz. Recorrido por los principales razonamientos ofrecidos por los partidos políticos en los debates sobre el envío de tropas españolas a misiones internacionales.» El País, 22/03/2011.
– "El papel de España en la guerra de Irak" in Temas de El País.
– «Las muertes en la carretera registran la menor caída desde 2006.» El País, 02/01/2011. – «Las víctimas mortales en carretera bajan de 1.500 por primera vez en 50 años.» El Mundo. January 2, 2012. In 2011, a maximum speed limit of 110 km/h was maintained for a few months as part of the austerity measures, which was lifted in the summer (with some confrontation within the Council of Ministers between Industry — Miguel Sebastián — and Interior – Rubalcaba, who was emerging as a future candidate). Another issue to be taken into account is the ageing of the car fleet ("El parque automovilístico español envejece de manera progresiva y constante." 13 October 2011) due to the sharp reduction in the number of new vehicles registered each year since 2007. – «Las ventas caen un 17,7% en 2011 por tercer año consecutivo.» El Mundo 2/01/2012.
- «España pierde población. El INE estima una caída de 27.771 habitantes en lo que va de año – La emigración supera ya a la inmigración – Crecen las salidas de españoles.» (in Spanish), El País, 25/07/2011 – «Fin del 'boom inmigrante': sólo se empadronan 3.753 extranjeros más en 2011.» (in Spanish), El Mundo, 13/01/2012
"La huelga "salvaje" en el Metro de Madrid continuará mañana" (in Spanish). Retrieved April 1, 2017.
UPyD pone 20 condiciones para explorar el pacto con Ciudadanos (in Spanish), El País, 4/09/2014. UPyD y Ciudadanos buscarán acuerdos 'sin límites' y 'sin descartar nada' – Pueden acabar en pactos preelectorales, una federación de partidos o en una fusión – Cada partido nombrará a un interlocutor que coordinará la creación de grupos de trabajo – Tras seis años y medio dándose la espalda, Rivera y Díez se han visto las caras en Madrid (in Spanish), El Mundo, 23/09/2014. Ciudadanos solo acepta negociar con UPyD si el pacto es para toda España – El partido de Díez quiere alcanzar acuerdos para las elecciones catalanas (in Spanish), El País, 30/09/2014. Albert Rivera: "UPyD jamás ha querido llegar a un acuerdo con Ciudadanos" – Rivera se ha referido al último intento de pacto con UPyD –convertido ya en un fracaso– para afirmar que Rosa Díez nunca se ha llegado a plantear llegar a un acuerdo (in Spanish), El Confidencial, 21/11/2014. Albert Rivera cierra la puerta a un pacto con UPyD (in Spanish), Huffington Post, 18/04/2015.
EFE-El Mundo, January 5, 2015
"Noticia en El Mundo" (in Spanish). October 2016. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
News on El Mundo, 29/10/2016. El PSOE se entrega sin condiciones al PP – Te contamos en directo el Comité Federal del PSOE (in Spanish), CXT, 23/10/2016.
"Atentados en Barcelona y Cambrils: al menos 14 muertos y un centenar de heridos". El Mundo.es (in Spanish). 17 August 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.

elpais.com

Juan Goytisolo Liberales y románticos, El País 17/12/2006 (article on the exiles of the 19th century, commenting on the centenary of their birth in Vicente Lloréns' work Liberales y románticos, una emigración española en Inglaterra (1823–1834) Mexico, 1954).
Antonio Elorza, «La CNT y el anarquismo.» (in Spanish) El País, 27/10/2010.
Carlos García Alix, "Matar al rey" (in Spanish). October 30, 2010. El País.
Expression by Miguel Salabert for an article in L'Express in 1958; quoted by himself in the introduction to El exilio interior, 1988, Barcelona: Anthropos. The book was written in 1961 and had problems to be published in Spain (Letter to the editor of El País by José Manuel Fajardo 30/12/1984.
The coincidence in time between the Asturian miners' strike of 1962 and the "Munich Contubernium" is highlighted in Jorge Martínez Reverte, "Mieres y Múnich, hace 50 años." April 17, 2012. El País.
Los arquitectos del exilio (review of the exhibition Arquitecturas desplazadas. Arquitecturas del exilio español, Madrid, Nuevos Ministerios, 2007).
Romero y Rodríguez: «Lo que Aznar hizo por la tregua.» (in Spanish), El País. 24/03/2006.
Spain's participation in peace missions or Spanish military missions abroad (official website of the Ministry of Defence), which went back many years, under different legal forms (UN resolutions – of much debated interpretation –, NATO agreements or different ad hoc international coalitions – the European Union's common foreign and security policy did not materialise in very operational initiatives), in the 1980s had included a secondary participation in the Gulf War of 1990–1991 (during the government of Felipe González). After the withdrawal from Iraq, Spain's military presence abroad continued in other scenarios such as Haiti and Lebanon, but especially in Afghanistan. There was also a withdrawal from military participation in Kosovo, due to Spanish disagreement over the way the unilateral declaration of independence took place (17 February 2008, supported by a large part of the international community, but interpreted as opposed to Spanish interests). The mission in Bosnia ended, after 18 years, on 18 October 2010. A naval deployment against Somali piracy (Operation Atalanta – official website of the Ministry of Defence) is still underway in the Indian Ocean, motivated mainly by the hijacking of the Alakrana ship. Spanish intervention in the Libyan War (since March 2011) was reduced to a limited number of aircraft for surveillance missions.
See also: List of United Nations peacekeeping missions

– Inmaculada Marrero Rocha, La participación de las fuerzas armadas españolas en misiones de paz, Plaza Valdes, 2007, ISBN 84-96780-27-9
– El Mundo, 25/10/2011
– ABC, 06-01-09
– «Los argumentos para ir a guerras en busca de la paz. Recorrido por los principales razonamientos ofrecidos por los partidos políticos en los debates sobre el envío de tropas españolas a misiones internacionales.» El País, 22/03/2011.
– "El papel de España en la guerra de Irak" in Temas de El País.
– «Las muertes en la carretera registran la menor caída desde 2006.» El País, 02/01/2011. – «Las víctimas mortales en carretera bajan de 1.500 por primera vez en 50 años.» El Mundo. January 2, 2012. In 2011, a maximum speed limit of 110 km/h was maintained for a few months as part of the austerity measures, which was lifted in the summer (with some confrontation within the Council of Ministers between Industry — Miguel Sebastián — and Interior – Rubalcaba, who was emerging as a future candidate). Another issue to be taken into account is the ageing of the car fleet ("El parque automovilístico español envejece de manera progresiva y constante." 13 October 2011) due to the sharp reduction in the number of new vehicles registered each year since 2007. – «Las ventas caen un 17,7% en 2011 por tercer año consecutivo.» El Mundo 2/01/2012.
"Noticia en El País" (in Spanish).
- Nota de prensa del INE (in Spanish), October 28. 2011. – «De 2,2 millones a 5: el paro se dobla en la era Zapatero. El agravamiento de la crisis se cobra 144 700 puestos de trabajo entre junio y septiembre – La tasa de paro sube al 21,5 %, la más alta desde 1996.» (in Spanish) El País, October 29, 2011. – «España retrasa el reloj. La economía española acabará 2013 en el mismo nivel de siete años antes – La crisis ha destruido 2,7 millones de empleos, el peor dato de los grandes países.» (in Spanish), El País, January 29, 2012.
- «España pierde población. El INE estima una caída de 27.771 habitantes en lo que va de año – La emigración supera ya a la inmigración – Crecen las salidas de españoles.» (in Spanish), El País, 25/07/2011 – «Fin del 'boom inmigrante': sólo se empadronan 3.753 extranjeros más en 2011.» (in Spanish), El Mundo, 13/01/2012
Aizpeolea, Luis R. (October 20, 2011). "ETA pone fin a 43 años de terror". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved June 1, 2012.
C.E.C. (2012-12-28). "Rajoy pide comprensión y justifica sus reformas para evitar la quiebra de España". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2022-05-16. Rajoy evaluates his first year in government. The president appears after the Council of Ministers – Cuts, Mas's sovereignty challenge, the possibility of a bailout, main issues

politica.elpais.com

UPyD pone 20 condiciones para explorar el pacto con Ciudadanos (in Spanish), El País, 4/09/2014. UPyD y Ciudadanos buscarán acuerdos 'sin límites' y 'sin descartar nada' – Pueden acabar en pactos preelectorales, una federación de partidos o en una fusión – Cada partido nombrará a un interlocutor que coordinará la creación de grupos de trabajo – Tras seis años y medio dándose la espalda, Rivera y Díez se han visto las caras en Madrid (in Spanish), El Mundo, 23/09/2014. Ciudadanos solo acepta negociar con UPyD si el pacto es para toda España – El partido de Díez quiere alcanzar acuerdos para las elecciones catalanas (in Spanish), El País, 30/09/2014. Albert Rivera: "UPyD jamás ha querido llegar a un acuerdo con Ciudadanos" – Rivera se ha referido al último intento de pacto con UPyD –convertido ya en un fracaso– para afirmar que Rosa Díez nunca se ha llegado a plantear llegar a un acuerdo (in Spanish), El Confidencial, 21/11/2014. Albert Rivera cierra la puerta a un pacto con UPyD (in Spanish), Huffington Post, 18/04/2015.
F, M. (3 April 2013). "Un año de tropiezos reales". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved April 6, 2017.

enciclopedia-aragonesa.com

Benito Pérez Galdós gave this title to one of his Episodios Nacionales, published in 1879 (see cervantesvirtual.com). Voz "Apostólicos" Archived 29 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. in Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa.

esmadridnomadriz.blogspot.com

Page on the epidemic. Article on the massacre.

filosofia.org

Also among the repressed were professors Santiago Montero Díaz and Mariano Aguilar Navarro Santiago Montero Díaz 1911–1985 at filosofia.org. Shirley Mangini Rojos y rebeldes: la cultura de la disidencia, pg. 142. José Vidal-Beneyto Memoria democrática, pg. 83

google.es

The use of the expression "dictatorship of Serrano" is common in historiography (examples of use); although "Serrano's government" is more frequent (examples of use).
It was vox populi that he had encouraged the beginning of the penetration into enemy territory with a telegram that read "Olé tus cojones" or "Viva los hombres", depending on the version. See a summary of the bibliography on the subject.
See bibliographical references to Costa's phrase, much debated in its meaning.

historiasiglo20.org

"Constitución de 1812 (art. 1)" (in Spanish). Retrieved April 1, 2017.
La implantación del Estado liberal durante las regencias de Maria Cristina y Espartero (1833–1843) (in Spanish) in historiasiglo20.org

hoy.es

blogs.hoy.es

The term liberal applied to a party or to individuals, is of modern date and Spanish in its origin, since it began to be used in Cadiz in 1811, and later it has passed to France, England and other countries. — Antonio Alcalá Galiano. Quoted by Francisco Arias Solis in La palabra liberal Archived 2013-12-27 at the Wayback Machine. Archived on December 27, 2013.

huffingtonpost.es

UPyD pone 20 condiciones para explorar el pacto con Ciudadanos (in Spanish), El País, 4/09/2014. UPyD y Ciudadanos buscarán acuerdos 'sin límites' y 'sin descartar nada' – Pueden acabar en pactos preelectorales, una federación de partidos o en una fusión – Cada partido nombrará a un interlocutor que coordinará la creación de grupos de trabajo – Tras seis años y medio dándose la espalda, Rivera y Díez se han visto las caras en Madrid (in Spanish), El Mundo, 23/09/2014. Ciudadanos solo acepta negociar con UPyD si el pacto es para toda España – El partido de Díez quiere alcanzar acuerdos para las elecciones catalanas (in Spanish), El País, 30/09/2014. Albert Rivera: "UPyD jamás ha querido llegar a un acuerdo con Ciudadanos" – Rivera se ha referido al último intento de pacto con UPyD –convertido ya en un fracaso– para afirmar que Rosa Díez nunca se ha llegado a plantear llegar a un acuerdo (in Spanish), El Confidencial, 21/11/2014. Albert Rivera cierra la puerta a un pacto con UPyD (in Spanish), Huffington Post, 18/04/2015.

ine.es

España en medio siglo será un país de viejos y solitarios, EFE, 20/10/2016. INE press release, 20/10/2016: "Population Projections 2016–2066 – If current demographic trends were to continue, Spain would lose just over half a million inhabitants in the next 15 years and 5.4 million by 2066 – The percentage of the population aged 65 and over, which currently stands at 18.7%, would reach 25.6% in 2031 and 34.6% in 2066 – Comunidad de Madrid, Canarias, Illes Balears, Región de Murcia and Cataluña are the only communities that would gain population in the next 15 years". INE press release, 30 June 2016: "Cifras de Población 1-1-2016, Estadística Migraciones 2015 (provisionales) – Cifras de Población a 1 de enero de 2016 – Estadística de Migraciones 2015 – Adquisiciones de Nacionalidad Española de Residentes 2015 – Datos Provisionales."
- Nota de prensa del INE (in Spanish), October 28. 2011. – «De 2,2 millones a 5: el paro se dobla en la era Zapatero. El agravamiento de la crisis se cobra 144 700 puestos de trabajo entre junio y septiembre – La tasa de paro sube al 21,5 %, la más alta desde 1996.» (in Spanish) El País, October 29, 2011. – «España retrasa el reloj. La economía española acabará 2013 en el mismo nivel de siete años antes – La crisis ha destruido 2,7 millones de empleos, el peor dato de los grandes países.» (in Spanish), El País, January 29, 2012.

izquierdarevolucionaria.net

"Centenario de la fundación de la CNT El anarcosindicalismo y la revolución social". Izquierda Revolucionaria. Retrieved 2024-09-26.

jazztel.es

fdomingor.jazztel.es

"Asesinato de Juan Prim" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 23, 2010.

jcyl.es

artehistoria.jcyl.es

"Rebeliones de Picornell y Malaspina". Archived from the original on January 15, 2012.

lavanguardia.com

A public cost of 52 billion (including previous aid) plus 12 billion in losses to private investors. "The bailout of the banks costs more than 2,800 euros per taxpayer" (in Spanish), La Vanguardia, 21 December 2012.
Other data: Catalonia is the most indebted community in Spain, with a debt of more than 45 billion euros (http://www.lavanguardia.com/economia/20121214/54357960865/la-deuda-de-catalunya-asciende-a-45-754-millones-el-23-del-pib.html Catalonia's debt amounts to 45 754 million, 23% of its GDP.").
[3] ABC. [4] La Vanguardia. [5] El Diario].
Declaraciones a Cadena SER, (in Spanish) in La Vanguardia, 27/09/2016.

lavanguardia.es

Payne: "Sin la ayuda de Hitler, la insurrección de Franco hubiera fracasado" (in Spanish) Retrieved April 15, 2009. La Vanguardia.

libertaddigital.com

Rafael L. Bardají y Florentino Portero «De la irrelevancia al ridículo.» (in Spanish), Libertad Digital, 24 de diciembre de 2007.
""La corrupción se extiende por todas las instituciones del Estado."". 20 January 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2017.

losmonegros.com

colonizacion.losmonegros.com

"Política de colonización y repoblación". Retrieved April 1, 2017.

mcu.es

Dances of Spain in Google Earth, 234 recordings on the website of the Ministry of Culture.

mde.es

portalcultura.mde.es

Ministry of Defense website.

museodelprado.es

http://www.museodelprado.es/index.php?id=100&tx_obras[uid]=855&no_cache=1 Details of the work] on the Museo del Prado website.

publico.es

«El cine que burló a Franco.» Público, 19/10/2007.

rtve.es

"El discurso en la web de Radio Nacional de España" (in Spanish). Retrieved April 1, 2017.
Video of the appearance on 10 June (a few hours before Rajoy travelled to Poland to watch a match of the Spanish national football team, which won the European Championship.
Así fueron los días que llevaron a España al confinamiento (in Spanish)

sabinoarana.eus

La abolición de los fueros vascos en 1841 (in Spanish), in Sabino Arana Fundazioa.

time.com

""The Protester – Time Person of the Year 2001."" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2017.

todoporhacer.org

Centenario de la Huelga de La Canadiense: Lección histórica sobre cómo conquistar derechos luchando (in Spanish). Retrieved June 8, 2021.

tribunalconstitucional.es

NOTA INFORMATIVA Nº 57 /2016 [INFORMATION NOTE NO. 57 /2016] (PDF). TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-06-07. Despite the fact that on June 14, 2016, the Court admitted for processing "the constitutional conflict promoted by the Congress of Deputies against the decision of the acting Government not to submit to parliamentary control initiatives", indicating that it "will resolve in the near future", the situation remained unresolved until the formation of the next government.

uned.es

e-spacio.uned.es

Pablo Martín de Santa Olalla. "La ley del divorcio de junio de 1981 en perspectiva histórica" (in Spanish). Espacio, tiempo y forma, Serie V, Historia contemporánea. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2010.

unirioja.es

dialnet.unirioja.es

Page on the epidemic. Article on the massacre.

veuobrera.org

On May 11 this petition to Espartero was written by the workers' societies (reproduced in veuobrera.org): The working class of Catalonia asks to be recognized the property of their work, the same as it is recognized to that of their masters the capitalists, wishes therefore in each of its individuals the absolute freedom to associate for cases in which enjoying health lacks work, for the same reason that is granted when having work lacks health: to be able to refuse the wage that he considers insufficient to his needs, and to the magnitude of his work and to ask for the, in his concept, just, (all peacefully and without the least violence), for the same reason that the capitalist can associate his capitals by refusing the wages in his concept high. The appointment of a mixed jury; that is to say, of masters and workers, to settle well and rightly the questions of wages between manufacturers and workmen... That the maximum number of hours of wages be fixed at ten, and that the premises of manufacturing establishments be subjected to inspection to see if they meet the necessary hygienic conditions; that the greatest possible number of free industrial schools be established, where the workers can learn the least violent, most useful and modern means to carry out their various operations and perhaps to found their inventions, and finally that asylum rooms be established for the children of the workers who, occupied in their work, find themselves in need of having them in their homes, and their parents should be forbidden to put them to work before the age of ten years, since the all too frequent misfortunes of their weakness and inexperience in the workshops would be avoided, they would achieve better physical development, and could take advantage of the industrial schools.

web.archive.org

"Rebeliones de Picornell y Malaspina". Archived from the original on January 15, 2012.
España y la Revolución francesa (in Spanish), in Artehistoria.
El bloqueo agrario (in Spanish), in Artehistoria.
La crisis del cambio del siglo (España)(in Spanish), in Artehistoria
The term liberal applied to a party or to individuals, is of modern date and Spanish in its origin, since it began to be used in Cadiz in 1811, and later it has passed to France, England and other countries. — Antonio Alcalá Galiano. Quoted by Francisco Arias Solis in La palabra liberal Archived 2013-12-27 at the Wayback Machine. Archived on December 27, 2013.
La década moderada, in Artehistoria.
Veiga Alonso, Xosé R. "El significado del Sexenio en la definición de una identidad política conservadora" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-02-02. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
The legend of La Mano Negra Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine (on the activity of Reclus, Rey and Fanelli in Spain). Jean Maitron, Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français (source cited in fr:Aristide Rey from the French Wikipedia. For the Jerez uprising, see Sagasta's speech in the Cortes (March 18, 1869), which reproduces telegrams of the same day (including one issued only an hour earlier).
"Asesinato de Juan Prim" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 23, 2010.
Historia in refugioginer.com
El gobierno de Canalejas in Artehistoria.
Speech reproduced on the website of the Francisco Franco Foundation.
Luis Enrique Otero Carvajal: The destruction of science in Spain. The consequences of the military triumph of Franco's Spain, (in Spanish) in Historia y Comunicación Social. number 6. Complutense University, Madrid, 2001. ISSN 1137-0734 pp. 149–186. Luis Enrique Otero Carvajal (dir), Mirta Núñez Díaz-Balart, Gutmaro Gómez Bravo, José María López Sánchez, Rafael Simón Arce: La destrucción de la ciencia en España. Depuración universitaria en el franquismo] UCM-Editorial Complutense, Madrid, 2006 ISBN 978-84-7491-808-3 (review by Salvador López Arnal).
Artehistoria. The political cinema of the time produced an exceptional document: Juan Antonio Bardem's Siete días de enero (1979). Costa Gavras had made similar reflections in Estado de sitio (film) (1972), set in Uruguay.
Pablo Martín de Santa Olalla. "La ley del divorcio de junio de 1981 en perspectiva histórica" (in Spanish). Espacio, tiempo y forma, Serie V, Historia contemporánea. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
Spain's participation in peace missions or Spanish military missions abroad (official website of the Ministry of Defence), which went back many years, under different legal forms (UN resolutions – of much debated interpretation –, NATO agreements or different ad hoc international coalitions – the European Union's common foreign and security policy did not materialise in very operational initiatives), in the 1980s had included a secondary participation in the Gulf War of 1990–1991 (during the government of Felipe González). After the withdrawal from Iraq, Spain's military presence abroad continued in other scenarios such as Haiti and Lebanon, but especially in Afghanistan. There was also a withdrawal from military participation in Kosovo, due to Spanish disagreement over the way the unilateral declaration of independence took place (17 February 2008, supported by a large part of the international community, but interpreted as opposed to Spanish interests). The mission in Bosnia ended, after 18 years, on 18 October 2010. A naval deployment against Somali piracy (Operation Atalanta – official website of the Ministry of Defence) is still underway in the Indian Ocean, motivated mainly by the hijacking of the Alakrana ship. Spanish intervention in the Libyan War (since March 2011) was reduced to a limited number of aircraft for surveillance missions.
See also: List of United Nations peacekeeping missions

– Inmaculada Marrero Rocha, La participación de las fuerzas armadas españolas en misiones de paz, Plaza Valdes, 2007, ISBN 84-96780-27-9
– El Mundo, 25/10/2011
– ABC, 06-01-09
– «Los argumentos para ir a guerras en busca de la paz. Recorrido por los principales razonamientos ofrecidos por los partidos políticos en los debates sobre el envío de tropas españolas a misiones internacionales.» El País, 22/03/2011.
– "El papel de España en la guerra de Irak" in Temas de El País.
""The Protester – Time Person of the Year 2001."" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
""Bruselas da la razón a Rajoy – La UE confirma que Zapatero dejó dos puntos de déficit oculto."" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2013-08-06. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
NOTA INFORMATIVA Nº 57 /2016 [INFORMATION NOTE NO. 57 /2016] (PDF). TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-06-07. Despite the fact that on June 14, 2016, the Court admitted for processing "the constitutional conflict promoted by the Congress of Deputies against the decision of the acting Government not to submit to parliamentary control initiatives", indicating that it "will resolve in the near future", the situation remained unresolved until the formation of the next government.

wikipedia.org

es.wikipedia.org

Informes en el Expediente de Ley Agraria. Andalucía y la Mancha (1768). (in Spanish) Edition and preliminary study by Gonzalo Anes. ICI, Quinto Centenario, IEF. Madrid, 1990. ISBN 84-206-2840-4. Gonzalo Anes: La Ley Agraria. Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 1995. ISBN 84-7196-879-7. Sources quoted in: [web.usal.es/~rrobledo/text/anes_1995.doc]. Texto de Jovellanos in cervantesvirtual.
Liberalism, a Spanish movement. The first point to be emphasized is the Spanish origin of the words ''liberal'' and ''liberalism'' in their political meaning. This fact is today recognized even in Anglo-Saxon literature. — José Luis Abellán. Historia crítica del pensamiento español: Liberalismo y romanticismo (in Spanish), Espasa-Calpe, 1979, ISBN 84-239-6411-6, p. 56.
Antonio Elorza, «La CNT y el anarquismo.» (in Spanish) El País, 27/10/2010.
1919–1923, los "años de plomo" de las luchas sociales catalanas. Dolores de la Calle y Manuel Redero Guerra Civil: documentos y memoria, Universidad de Salamanca, 2006, ISBN 84-7800-398-3.
Juan Pablo Fusi, Reflexión, en VV. AA.: Historia de España (in Spanish) Madrid: Mc Graw, 2009, ISBN 978-84-481-6938-1 pg. 356.
Spain's participation in peace missions or Spanish military missions abroad (official website of the Ministry of Defence), which went back many years, under different legal forms (UN resolutions – of much debated interpretation –, NATO agreements or different ad hoc international coalitions – the European Union's common foreign and security policy did not materialise in very operational initiatives), in the 1980s had included a secondary participation in the Gulf War of 1990–1991 (during the government of Felipe González). After the withdrawal from Iraq, Spain's military presence abroad continued in other scenarios such as Haiti and Lebanon, but especially in Afghanistan. There was also a withdrawal from military participation in Kosovo, due to Spanish disagreement over the way the unilateral declaration of independence took place (17 February 2008, supported by a large part of the international community, but interpreted as opposed to Spanish interests). The mission in Bosnia ended, after 18 years, on 18 October 2010. A naval deployment against Somali piracy (Operation Atalanta – official website of the Ministry of Defence) is still underway in the Indian Ocean, motivated mainly by the hijacking of the Alakrana ship. Spanish intervention in the Libyan War (since March 2011) was reduced to a limited number of aircraft for surveillance missions.
See also: List of United Nations peacekeeping missions

– Inmaculada Marrero Rocha, La participación de las fuerzas armadas españolas en misiones de paz, Plaza Valdes, 2007, ISBN 84-96780-27-9
– El Mundo, 25/10/2011
– ABC, 06-01-09
– «Los argumentos para ir a guerras en busca de la paz. Recorrido por los principales razonamientos ofrecidos por los partidos políticos en los debates sobre el envío de tropas españolas a misiones internacionales.» El País, 22/03/2011.
– "El papel de España en la guerra de Irak" in Temas de El País.
Hugo Chávez, Daniel Ortega, Fidel Castro, Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Luis Britto García et al. (2008) ¿Por qué no te callas, Borbón? (in Spanish), Editorial Txalaparta, ISBN 978-84-8136-528-3

fr.wikipedia.org

The legend of La Mano Negra Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine (on the activity of Reclus, Rey and Fanelli in Spain). Jean Maitron, Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français (source cited in fr:Aristide Rey from the French Wikipedia. For the Jerez uprising, see Sagasta's speech in the Cortes (March 18, 1869), which reproduces telegrams of the same day (including one issued only an hour earlier).

worldcat.org

Luis Enrique Otero Carvajal: The destruction of science in Spain. The consequences of the military triumph of Franco's Spain, (in Spanish) in Historia y Comunicación Social. number 6. Complutense University, Madrid, 2001. ISSN 1137-0734 pp. 149–186. Luis Enrique Otero Carvajal (dir), Mirta Núñez Díaz-Balart, Gutmaro Gómez Bravo, José María López Sánchez, Rafael Simón Arce: La destrucción de la ciencia en España. Depuración universitaria en el franquismo] UCM-Editorial Complutense, Madrid, 2006 ISBN 978-84-7491-808-3 (review by Salvador López Arnal).

search.worldcat.org

C.E.C. (2012-12-28). "Rajoy pide comprensión y justifica sus reformas para evitar la quiebra de España". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2022-05-16. Rajoy evaluates his first year in government. The president appears after the Council of Ministers – Cuts, Mas's sovereignty challenge, the possibility of a bailout, main issues